MM5 Simulations of the China Regional Climate During the LGM.I: In uence of CO2 and Earth Orbit Change     

LIU Yu  HE Jinhai  LI Weiliang  CHEN Longxun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(1):8-21

Using a regional climate model MM5 nested to an atmospheric global climate model CCM3, a series of simulations and sensitivity experiments have been performed to investigate the relative Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate response to different mechanisms over China. Model simulations of the present day (PD) climate and the LGM climate change are in good agreement with the observation data and geological records, especially in the simulation of precipitation change. Under the PD and LGM climate,changes of earth orbital parameters have a small influence on the annual mean temperature over China.However, the magnitude of the effect shows a seasonal pattern, with a significant response in winter. Thus,this influence cannot be neglected. During the LGM, CO2 concentration reached its lowest point to 200 ppmv. This results in a temperature decrease over China. The influences of CO2 concentration on climate show seasonal and regional patterns as well, with a signi cant influence in winter. On the contrary, CO2 concentration has less impact in summer season. In some cases, temperature even increases with decreasing in CO2 concentration. This temperature increase is the outcome of decrease in cloud amount; hence increase the solar radiation that reached the earth's surface. This result suggests that cloud amount plays a very important role in climate change and could direct the response patterns of some climate variables such as temperature during certain periods and over certain regions. In the Tibetan Plateau, the temperature responses to changes of the above two factors are generally weaker than those in other regions because the cloud amount in this area is generally more than in the other areas. Relative to the current climate, changes in orbital parameters have less impact on the LGM climate than changes in CO2 concentration. However,both factors have rather less contributions to the climate change in the LGM. About 3%-10% changes in the annual mean temperature are contributed by CO2.  相似文献   

基于《翁同龢日记》天气记录重建的北京1860～1897年的降水量     

张学珍  方修琦  郑景云  郝志新 《气候与环境研究》2011,16(3):322-328

私人日记中的天气记录是重建历史时期高分辨率降水量序列的重要资料.通过摘录、整理《翁同龢日记》中晴、雨(雪)记录,统计了逐月降水日数,并利用降水量与降水日数之间的转换方程,重建了北京1860～1897年的夏季和年降水量.将重建的降水量与当时的器测降水量和依据“晴雨录”重建的降水量进行对比,综合这3种资料重新估算了北京18...  相似文献   

Late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in a biodiversity hotspot, the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania     

Jemma Finch  Melanie J. Leng  Rob Marchant 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(1):111-122

Late Quaternary vegetation history and environmental changes in a biodiverse tropical ecosystem are inferred from pollen, charcoal and carbon isotope evidence derived from a ∼ 48,000-yr sedimentary record from the Uluguru Mountains, a component of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania. Results indicate that Eastern Arc forest composition has remained relatively stable during the past ∼ 48,000 yr. Long-term environmental stability of the Eastern Arc forests has been proposed as a mechanism for the accumulation and persistence of species during glacial periods, thus resulting in the diverse forests observed today. The pollen and isotope data presented here indicate some marked changes in abundance but no significant loss in moist forest taxa through the last glacial maximum, thereby providing support for the long-term environmental stability of the Eastern Arc. Anthropogenic activities, including burning and forest clearance, were found to play a moderate role in shaping the mosaic of forest patches and high-altitude grasslands that characterise the site today; however, this influence was tempered by the inaccessibility of the mountain.  相似文献   

澳门度日(Degree days)与电能消耗     

汤仕文  刘英伟 《广东气象》2005,(2):4-6

利用澳门电力公司每年发电量与澳门的度日(Degree Days)数作相关分析,从而寻求电能消耗量与澳门度日数之间是否有显著的关系,以协助估计能源消耗量。最后得出二项相关程序：第一项是电力增长率(％)与冷度日的关系式;第二项是用电量与人口的关系式。  相似文献   

末次盛冰期以来南海南部天然气水合物储库变化及其对环境的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王淑红  颜文  宋海斌  樊栓狮 《地球物理学报》2005,48(5):1117-1124

末次盛冰期以来南海南部海平面及海洋底水温度均发生了很大的变化. 为了研究南海南部天然气水合物稳定带厚度在这个过程中的变化情况及其对环境的影响,我们利用相关的计算公式,并编制了计算稳定带厚度的程序,在南海南部的南沙海槽、曾母盆地、巴拉望盆地和苏禄海等四个重点海域选取了35个点进行末次盛冰期及目前稳定带厚度的计算. 计算结果表明,南海南部末次盛冰期和目前的天然气水合物稳定带厚度分别为262m和233m;甲烷资源量分别为269×1013m3和239×1013m3;水合物资源量分别为164×1011m3和146×1011m3. 这说明自末次盛冰期以来,南海南部稳定带厚度平均减薄了29m,平均减薄百分比为12%,同时释放了大约30×1012m3的甲烷,这些甲烷对环境产生了较大影响,对末次冰期的结束起了较大作用.  相似文献   

南京葫芦洞石笋生长速率及其气候意义讨论   总被引：28，自引：6，他引：22  

邵晓华  汪永进  孔兴功  吴江滢 《地理科学》2003,23(3):304-309

一支连续发育4?000年纹层的末次盛冰期葫芦洞石笋的年际生长速率与高分辨率δ¹⁸O曲线对比分析表明,年际生长速率在不同时间尺度上对年均温和地表有效湿度的变化有着复杂的响应关系。对该洞内持续发育3~4万年的两支单体石笋实测了33个²³⁰Th年龄,其生长曲线显示MIS 2比MIS 3阶段平均生长速率增大了40%以上。以5000年为步长的同一洞穴17支石笋生长频率支持平均生长速率的研究结果,说明在轨道尺度上较大的石笋生长速率并不完全指示较暖湿的气候条件。作者认为,年际尺度的连续生长速率是决定石笋平均生长速率的关键因素。盛冰期条件下本区洞穴内外的温差效应导致了24~14ka B.P.年际尺度的石笋连续生长。  相似文献   

1961-2017年青海高原降雪时空变化分析研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘义花  鲁延荣  周强  李红梅  刘彩红 《冰川冻土》2019,41(4):809-817

基于1961-2018年青海高原47个台站观测资料,分析了青海高原降雪量、降雪日数的时空演变特征,结果表明：青海高原地区降雪量呈明显的减少趋势,每10年减少3.7 mm,其中1981-1989年、1990-1999年为降雪量偏多期,2000年以来为降雪量偏少期;近57年来青海高原降雪平均日数为11～43 d,青海高原降雪日数及各量级降雪日数总体均无明显趋势性变化,但存在阶段性变化;青海高原降雪量及降雪日数除常年干旱区柴达木盆地均为低值区外,其余地区高海拔地区多于低海拔地区,南部多于北部;青海高原月平均降雪量呈“U”型分布,而月平均降雪日数呈单峰型分布,降雪日数在冬季中末期偏多,春季偏少,其中小雪以上量级降雪日数易发生在秋末冬初,冬末向春季转换的时段内;近57年来青海高原降雪量在2002年前后存在明显的突变现象,其中青南牧区、青海湖地区及东部农业区年降雪量分别在2001年,1996年以及1996年前后存在明显突变现象,柴达木盆地降雪量无明显突变现象;而青海高原降雪日数在2000年前后存在明显突变现象,其中青南牧区1980年、2001年前后存在明显的突变现象,其余3个地区降雪日数无明显突变现象。  相似文献   

渭河盆地末次冰盛期以来沉积环境变化研究     

王婷  龙宜澧  刘星星  孙有斌 《第四纪研究》2019,39(3):579-588

研究过去气候快速变化能为当前极端气候分析和未来环境预测提供自然背景理解。亚洲季风在北半球乃至全球的第四纪气候变化中扮演着重要角色,其演化是全球气候变化背景下的典型区域响应。然而,不同地质载体及不同指标所记录的亚洲冬、夏季风变化存在着较大差异,产生差异的原因及受到的动力机制是值得深入研究的科学问题。渭河盆地位于黄土高原和古三门湖沉积交叠的区域,是研究第四纪亚洲季风演化的理想场所。在盆地西南部西安市户县和长安县获取了两个黄土沉积钻孔,户县ZZC孔长4 m,长安县XFC孔长3 m,两孔的年代均超过25 ka。通过两钻孔的粒度和元素地球化学等代用指标研究,对比分析不同指标对气候变化的敏感度差异,反演了末次冰盛期(LGM)以来的区域沉积环境变化,并尝试探讨该时期发生的气候突变事件及反映的季风强度变化。结果表明,两钻孔的平均粒径从LGM到中全新世逐渐变细,中全新世之后少许变粗,空间上表现出一致性,总体反映了末次冰盛期以来的冬季风强度演化;Ca/Ti反映了与季风降水相关的淋溶强度,从LGM到全新世暖期夏季风逐渐减弱,并记录了若干次气候快速变化。粒度和元素比值变化表明,渭河盆地沉积良好地记录了末次冰盛期至全新世的大幅冷干-暖湿波动及若干次持续时间较短的快速水文变化事件,主要是受到太阳辐射和冰量等因素调控的影响。由于渭河盆地有上千米的新生代沉积,未来开展高分辨率研究有望揭示不同时间尺度季风变化特征及其与区域和全球变化的联系。  相似文献   

Climatic characteristics of high temperature in East China during 1961–2005     

SHI Jun  TANG Xu  CUI Linli 《地理学报》2008,18(3):283-294

Based on the daily maximum temperature data covering the period 1961–2005, temporal and spatial characteristics and their changing in mean annual and monthly high temperature days (HTDs) and the mean daily maximum temperature (MDMT) during annual and monthly HTDs in East China were studied. The results show that the mean annual HTDs were 15.1 and the MDMT during annual HTDs was 36.3℃ in the past 45 years. Both the mean annual HTDs and the MDMT during annual HTDs were negative anomaly in the1980s and positive anomaly in the other periods of time, oscillating with a cycle of about 12–15 years. The mean annual HTDs were more in the southern part, but less in the northern part of East China. The MDMT during annual HTDs was higher in Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces in the central and western parts of East China. The high temperature process (HTP) was more in the southwestern part, but less in northeastern part of East China. Both the HTDs and the numbers of HTP were at most in July, and the MDMT during monthly HTDs was also the highest in July. In the first 5 years of the 21st century, the mean annual HTDs and the MDMT during annual HTDs increased at most of the stations, both the mean monthly HTDs and the MDMT during monthly HTDs were positive anomalies from April to October, the number of each type of HTP generally was at most and the MDMT in each type of HTP was also the highest.  相似文献   

拉萨近半个世纪降水的变化特征   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

杜军  建军  余燕群  杨斌  拉巴 《干旱区地理》2008,31(3):397-402

利用拉萨1952-2005年逐月降水量,≥0.1 mm、1.0 mm、5.0 mm和10.0 mm年降水日数,分析了近半个世纪拉萨年、季降水量及年降水日数的年际和年代际变化.结果发现:近半个世纪以来,拉萨年降水量表现为前30年呈不显著的减少趋势,减幅为17.8 mm/10 a;季降水量除夏季呈不显著的减少趋势外,其它各季均表现为增加趋势,以秋季增幅最大;≥0.1 mm、≥1.0 mm和≥5.0 mm年降水日数表现为不同程度的增加趋势.近25年≥10.0 mm的年降水日数呈极显著的增加趋势.20世纪50年代至80年代夏季降水量表现为逐年代减少趋势,秋季降水量则呈逐年代增加趋势,而冬季降水量为负距平.各等级年降水日数20世纪80年代偏少,90年代偏多.年降水量异常偏旱年主要出现在20世纪80年代,50年代和60年代的初期各出现一次异常偏涝年,70年代从未出现过异常年份.14年振荡周期可能是影响年降水量的主导周期.  相似文献