2016年初冬陕西一次高架雷暴天气过程分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

郭大梅  章丽娜  王秀明  胡启元 《气象》2018,44(11):1404-1413

利用常规地面高空观测资料、西安和安康多普勒天气雷达观测资料、欧洲中心细网格模式预报等资料对2016年11月22日发生在陕西地区的一次雷暴过程进行诊断分析,结果表明：陕西中南部雷暴区位于地面冷锋后350~500 km的区域内,雷暴区3 km以下是深厚的冷垫,同时中低层存在明显的逆温层,低层是绝对稳定的大气层结,这说明此次雷暴天气为高架雷暴。通过诊断饱和假相当位温、假相当位温、湿位涡和绝对涡度表明不同地区不稳定机制是不同的。西安地区不稳定机制为条件性对称不稳定,安康地区不稳定机制为条件性不稳定。在条件性对称不稳定区域,降雪回波呈现出数个平行带状回波,与0~6 km风切变矢量(西西南风)平行;在条件性不稳定区域,降水回波为小尺度的块状回波。强垂直风切变表明大气斜压性强,中高层暖湿气流增强了大气的湿斜压性,从而使中高层形成条件性对称不稳定,产生倾斜对流;中低层偏南气流输送暖平流和水汽,使得大气较为暖湿,中高层温度平流较弱,大气较干,形成位势不稳定,锋面抬升中低层暖湿大气使其饱和,位势不稳定转化为条件性不稳定,产生垂直对流。不稳定与上升运动及回波高度有着较好的对应关系。  相似文献   

Landscape adaptation to climate change: Local networks,social learning and co-creation processes for adaptive planning     

《Global Environmental Change》2023

The development of legitimate, operative, and feasible landscape adaptation planning for climate change is dependent on the specific characteristics of the landscape and its inhabitants. Spatial patterns, culture, governance systems, socio-economic structures, planning methods, history, and collectively envisioned futures need to be accommodated. The literature suggests that landscape is a complex and dynamic socio-ecological system, the management and adaptation of which requires systemic and integrative approaches to respond to a wide variety of drivers of change, challenges, and interests. Based on activities developed in 15 European pilot landscapes, we identify some of the key factors and conditions affecting the generation of representative local networks for landscape adaptation to climate change. We illustrate how social learning and co-creation processes can be implemented in them and how their co-produced outcomes can help local communities overcome barriers and address critical issues in adaptive planning. Our results provide a framework for the creation of similar networks in other landscapes, exploring at the same time the interactions between the composition of networks, social learning, and the quality of the co-produced outputs as a fundamental step for the development of Landscape Adaptation Plans to Climate Change.  相似文献   

内蒙古一次强龙卷天气的中尺度特征分析     

王学强  李晓坤  李林惠  苏亮  孙岳飞  张桂莲  姜学恭 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(4):125-131

本文利用新一代多普勒天气雷达资料、逐5分钟自动站资料、常规观测和NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料等,对2021年6月25日发生在内蒙古太仆寺旗的一次强龙卷过程进行分析研究。结果表明,龙卷发生在前倾槽背景下,出现在低层的西南气流当中。龙卷发生的环境场特征为上干冷下暖湿的不稳定大气层结;地面辐合线及干线为强对流提供了触发条件;低抬升凝结高度、强低层垂直风切变和大的对流有效位能为龙卷提供了有利条件。此次龙卷过程由多个超级单体风暴相互作用造成的,雷达回波资料分析显示超级单体出现明显的钩状回波,“V”型缺口,回波悬垂、旁瓣回波的特征,雷达距离龙卷发生地超过100 km,未识别出龙卷涡旋特征,但识别出了中气旋,中气旋最大转动速度达到了15 m/s,为弱到中等中气旋;龙卷发生前基于单体的垂直累积液态水和最大反射率回波顶高有明显的跃增。  相似文献   

华东地区地面和高空风场的多模式集成精细化预报研究          下载免费PDF全文

智协飞  吴柏莹  罗忠红  曹晴 《大气科学学报》2023,46(6):917-927

基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)、中国国家气象中心业务运行的中尺度数值预报系统(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System Meso,GRAPES-Meso)、美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)的全球预报系统(Global Forecast System,GFS)、GRAPES全球预报系统(GRAPES-GFS)4个模式风场预报资料,利用双线性、反距离加权、三次样条、克里格等插值方法对华东及周边地区(110°～130°E,20°～40°N)2020年1—4月逐日地面和高空风0~72 h集合预报资料进行降尺度处理,得到满足机场及终端区气象保障的精细化风场预报。此外,还对精细化风场预报做多模式集成。结果表明,对于风场的精细化格点预报,反距离加权插值方法误差最小,为最优水平插值方法。基于扩展复卡尔曼滤波的多模式集成(Augmented Complex Extended Kalman Filter,ACEKF)可进一步减小风场预报的误差。对华东地区上海、青岛和厦门3个机场地面和高空风的多模式集成风场精细化预报的分析表明,ACEKF多模式集成预报不但均方根误差较BREM、ECMWF和GRAPES-GFS的预报误差小,且随高度变化也不如单模式预报的大,其预报性能更为稳定。  相似文献   

On the local multiscale determination of the Earth’s disturbing potential from discrete deflections of the vertical     

T. Fehlinger  W. Freeden  C. Mayer  M. Schreiner 《Computational Geosciences》2008,12(4):473-490

As a first approximation, the Earth is a sphere; as a second approximation, it may be considered an ellipsoid of revolution. The deviations of the actual Earth’s gravity field from the ellipsoidal “normal” field are so small that they can be understood to be linear. The splitting of the Earth’s gravity field into a “normal” and a remaining small “disturbing” field considerably simplifies the problem of its determination. Under the assumption of an ellipsoidal Earth model, high observational accuracy is achievable only if the deviation (deflection of the vertical) of the physical plumb line, to which measurements refer, from the ellipsoidal normal is not ignored. Hence, the determination of the disturbing potential from known deflections of the vertical is a central problem of physical geodesy. In this paper, we propose a new, well-promising method for modelling the disturbing potential locally from the deflections of the vertical. Essential tools are integral formulae on the sphere based on Green’s function with respect to the Beltrami operator. The determination of the disturbing potential from deflections of the vertical is formulated as a multiscale procedure involving scale-dependent regularized versions of the surface gradient of the Green function. The modelling process is based on a multiscale framework by use of locally supported surface curl-free vector wavelets.   相似文献   

Creating the taste of place in the United States: can we learn from the French?     

Amy B. Trubek  Sarah Bowen 《GeoJournal》2008,73(1):23-30

In the United States, there is a growing awareness of the implications of our globalized food system, a system that incorporates all manner of agriculture, food distribution, food processing and transformation, and consumption. The ever increasing distance between where our food is produced and where it is consumed has helped spur a movement to develop a system of place based foods. Right now multiple models are in play, including farmers markets, community supported agriculture, and the localvore movement. This article will do a close examination of another model from France, the French system of appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC); nationally regulated by the French Ministry of Agriculture it supports and protects foods and drinks with unique links to particular territories. The AOC system is based on geographically distinct and historically specific food and drink found throughout France. By closely examining one AOC product—Comté cheese produced in the rural agricultural region in Jura—the authors consider the possibilities for an AOC-style system in the United States.  相似文献   

壶穴差异风化或风蚀作用成因质疑   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吕洪波  任晓辉  许民  欧阳江城 《地质论评》2008,54(2):192-198

过去十年来发表了一系列关于中国东部第四纪冰川地貌的文章,而关于壶穴成因的争论也通过各种媒介报道出来。笔者等建议壶穴仅仅用于表示快速旋转水流在基岩表面形成的近圆筒形的凹坑,以口小肚大底平为典型形态特征,而冰川融水冲蚀形成的壶穴则叫做冰川壶穴。近年来,有些研究者将中国东部花岗岩山脊上的壶穴与差异风化和风蚀作用联系起来。笔者等分析了风化作用和风蚀作用的特点,明确指出：风化作用和风蚀作用并非壶穴形成的原因,唯一可能的成因是快速的河水或冰川融水的旋转水流。因此,在中国南方河床上发现的壶穴既可能是河流流水形成的,也可能是第四纪山谷冰川融水造成的;而中国北方花岗岩山脊上的壶穴只能是曾经覆盖其上的第四纪冰帽在冰川退缩期之冰川融水形成的。所以,花岗岩山脊上的壶穴为冰川壶穴（即冰臼）,可以看作第四纪冰帽的标志。根据中国东部壶穴的分布特征推断：中国东部之北方在第四纪末次冰盛期至少曾经存在着许多冰帽甚至大陆冰川,而其南部边缘至少已经达到山东蒙山以南。  相似文献   

On the non-uniqueness of local quasi-geoids computed from terrestrial gravity anomalies     

I. Prutkin  R. Klees 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(3):147-156

  相似文献   

激光点云的多功能风洞施工量测与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑渊茂  何原荣  余建伟 《测绘科学》2017,42(11)

针对传统皮尺测绘、全站仪在结构复杂的多功能风洞中存在采集作业难、数据精度低、信息不完整等局限性,提出基于高精度、高密度的点云数据开展对风洞施工量测的研究。通过对点云进行预处理及算法的运用,解决风洞数据获取难、信息不完整瓶颈,实现施工量测数据的有效获取及分析。基于点云预处理数据,可获取风洞的二维线划图、立面图、三维信息模型及统计分析等成果;基于点云数据运用算法,能够快速、准确地对风洞内墙面的平整度提取分析,判断施工是否符合要求,这是传统测绘方法无法获取的,验证该技术方法在多功能风洞测量的优越性和必要性。应用结果表明,地面三维激光扫描技术对该风洞的施工量测及建筑信息提取均优于传统方法,成效明显。  相似文献   

基于气象研究的城市通风廊道构建初探——以南京江北新区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

党冰  房小怡  吕红亮  程宸  杜吴鹏  刘勇洪  张硕  杨帆 《气象》2017,43(9):1130-1137

利用南京江北新区的气象观测数据、NCEP全球再分析资料和卫星遥感数据,采用统计分析、数值模拟以及地表温度反演技术,综合分析了江北新区的背景风场特征和城市热岛分布状况;并结合江北新区土地利用现状及未来规划资料,构建了其核心规划区域的通风廊道系统。结果表明:(1)江北新区主导风向为偏东风,局地存在山谷风和水陆风,风速主要集中在2~4 m·s~(-1)风速段,且近10年呈下降趋势;(2)在空间分布上,城镇、工业园区风速较小,同时是强热岛区域且有热岛连片发展趋势;长江、老山和林地等冷岛区风速较大,空气较为清新,可利用其与城镇进行空气交换;(3)结合当地气候条件、地形特征、用地类型及未来规划,以山体地势为脊骨,以顺势输引主导风向为基本,以沟通冷源和弱风区为目的,构建了东北—西南走向的1条主通风廊道和3条次通风廊道,以及东南—西北、东—西走向的8条局部通风廊道;并对通风廊道的走向、宽度、布局等提出控制指标和构建策略。  相似文献