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121.
中国南京与美国德克萨斯稻田甲烷排放的比较 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Field measurements of methane emission from rice paddies were made in Nanjing, China and in Texas, USA, respectively. Soil temperature at approximately 10 cm depth of the flooded soils was automatically recorded. Aboveground biomass of rice crop was measured approximately every 10 days in Nanjing and every other week in Texas. Seasonal variation of soil temperature in Nanjing was quite wide with a magnitude of 15.3℃ and that in Texas was narrow with a magnitude of 2.9℃. Analysis of methane emission fluxes against soil temperature and rice biomass production demonstrated that the seasonal course of methane emission in Nanjing was mostly attributed to soil temperature changes, while that in Texas was mainly related to rice biomass production. We concluded that under the permanent flooding condition, the seasonal trend of methane emission would be determined by the soil temperature where there was a wide variation of soil temperature, and the seasonal trend would be mainly determined by rice biomass production if there are no additional organic matter inputs and the variation of soil temperature over the rice growing season is small. 相似文献
122.
结合MICAPS系统维护经验,针对其维护中存在的问题,分析并提出相应的解决措施。在气象中心的短期新业流程中,这些解决方案得到论证。 相似文献
123.
分析国内外国土资源调查中GIS方法研究和应用的现状和趋势 ,提出基于多层次GIS集成的国土资源大调查思路 ,介绍和总结在大调查中应该关注的地理信息系统方法和应用。同时指出我国国土资源大调查的重点在开展微型化嵌入式GIS、三维 /四维GIS、网络GIS等方面的研究。 相似文献
124.
在石墨存在下用正热电离质谱法测定 Cs2 Cl+正离子是氯同位素测定的最佳方法 ,但实验过程中发现 ,SO42 - 和 NO3- 的存在对测定的干扰较严重。在系统地研究了 SO42 - 和 NO3- 对氯同位素测定影响的基础上 ,定性地给出了在 SO42 -和 NO3-影响下 ,部分仪器聚焦参数的变化 ,并对影响的机理做了一些解释。着重探讨了不产生影响的 SO42 - 和 NO3- 的最高浓度及 SO42 - 和 NO3- 的消除方法 ,以期指导相关的工作 相似文献
125.
Ecological investigations at four streams in Saxony‐Anhalt have shown that there are considerable differences between the self‐purification power of upland and lowland streams. This result is reflected in chemistry and in microbiology. The structure of the bottom substrate mainly influences the degree of self‐purification in connection with rate of flow and flow velocity. The results and differences are demonstrated using the example of Katzsohlbach in the landscape unit “Mittel‐ and Unterharz” and the stream Olbe in the landscape unit “Magdeburger Börde”. 相似文献
126.
The OECD soil, which is standardised for use in the sediment toxicity with the midge Chironomus riparius revealed inhibition of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in body growth length and egg production of 41.0% and 84%, respectively. 18 formulated sediments were tested to optimise the sediment composition for growth and reproduction of C. elegans. Their components were chosen to simulate native sediments, whereby different quantities and different clay minerals were tested. The mixture that we found to be optimal in our experiments consisted of 5% sphagnum peat, 70% calcitic sand, 0.5% dolomite limestone, 4.5% iron(III) oxide, and a clay combination of 1.5% chlorite and 18.5% aluminium(III) oxide. When applying this mixture to C. riparius, the new formulated sediment improved also growth in comparison to the OECD sediment. 相似文献
127.
The spinel solid solution was found to exist in the whole range between Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2SiO4 at over 10 GPa. The resistivity of Fe3−
x
Si
x
O4 (0.0<x<0.288) was measured in the temperature range of 80∼300 K by the AC impedance method. Electron hopping between Fe3+ and Fe2+ in the octahedral site of iron-rich phases gives a large electric conductivity at room temperature. The activation energy
of the electron hopping becomes larger with increasing γ-Fe2SiO4 component. A nonlinear change in electric conductivity is not simply caused by the statistical probability of Fe3+–Fe2+ electron hopping with increasing the total Si content. This is probably because a large number of Si4+ ions occupies the octahedral site and the adjacent Fe2+ keeping the local electric neutrality around Si4+ makes a cluster, which generates a local deformation by Si substitution.
The temperature dependence of the conductivity of solid solutions indicates the Verwey transition temperature, which decreases
from 124(±2) K at x=0 (Fe3O4) to 102(±5) K at x=0.288, and the electric conductivity gap at the transition temperature decreases with Si4+ substitution.
Received: 15 March 2000 / Accepted: 4 September 2000 相似文献
128.
Tobelite (NH4) Al2 [AlSi3O10] (OH)2, the ammonium analogue of muscovite, and its deuterated form ND4-tobelite (ND4) Al2 [AlSi3O10] (OD)2 have been synthesised at 600?°C and 200 and 500 Mpa using a well homogenised, stoichiometric SiO2-Al2O3 oxide mix with Al2O3 in excess of 5 mol% and a 25% NH3 solution whose relative abundance was such that the amount of NH4 + stoichiometrically available was in excess of 50%. Characterisation of both tobelite and ND4-tobelite using IR-spectroscopy, Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data, and electron microprobe analysis indicate that, similar to K+ in muscovite, the NH4 + or ND4 + molecule occupies the interlayer site. IR absorption bands caused by NH4 + and ND4 + can be explained, to a very good approximation, on the basis of Td symmetry. Nevertheless, substantial line broadening and the occurrence of shoulders indicate a deviation from ideal Td symmetry. However, even at 77?K, no discrete splitting of the degenerate states could be confirmed. The OH stretching frequencies observed for synthetic tobelite are quite similar to those for muscovite, indicating that the replacement of K+ by NH4 + has no effect. The low FWHH of the OH bands indicate that the hydroxyl groups are well ordered within the structure. Rietveld refinement of tobelite and ND4-tobelite indicates that all samples synthesised consist of the 3 different mica polytypes which are typical of muscovite – namely 1M (C2/m), 2M 1 (C2/c) and 2M 2 (C2/c). Tobelite and ND4-tobelite synthesised at 500 Mpa principally contain the 1M polytype, whereas the principle polytype for ND4-tobelite synthesised at 200 Mpa, is 2M 2. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction spectra for tobelite synthesised at 200 Mpa was problematic due to the very broad FWHH of the X-ray peaks indicating poor crystallinity. In comparision to synthetic muscovite, the cell dimensions observed for tobelite and its deuterated analogue are quite similar except for the lattice constant c. Due to the larger radius of NH4 + or ND4 + compared to K+ cation, the c-direction is expanded form 10.275 Å in muscovite to approximately 10.540 Å in tobelite and ND4-tobelite. 相似文献
129.
该种方法利用离子色谱仪的电导检测器与电化学检测器串联 ,十几分钟即可连续完成水中S2 - 、SO2 - 3 、SO2 - 4、S2 O2 - 3 的测定 ,方法具有快速、高效、方便、灵敏、选择性好等特点。方法的检出限分别为 :S2 - 12 5 μg/L ;SO2 - 3 2 2 4 μg/L ;SO2 - 45 0 μg/L ;S2 O2 - 35 0 μg/L。相对标准偏差在 1 5 %~ 6 9%之间 ,能够满足水中S2 - 、SO2 - 3 、SO2 - 4、S2 O2 - 3四种阴离子分析测试的需要。 相似文献
130.
Simulations of seasonal variations of sulfur compounds in the remote marine atmosphere 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A photochemical box model is used to simulate seasonal variations in concentrations of sulfur compounds at latitude 40° S. It is assumed that the hydroxyl radical (OH) addition reaction to sulfur in the dimethyl sulfide (DMS) molecule is the predominant pathway for methanesulfonic acid (MSA) production, and that the rate constant increases as the air temperature decreases. Concentration of the nitrate radical (NO3) is a function of the DMS flux, because the reaction of DMS with NO3 is the most important loss mechanism of NO3. While the diurnally averaged concentration of OH in winter is a factor of about 8 smaller than in summer, due to the weak photolysis process, the diurnally averaged concentration of NO3 in winter is a factor of about 4–5 larger than in summer, due to the decrease of DMS flux. Therefore, at middle and high latitudes in winter, atmospheric DMS is mainly oxidized by the reaction with NO3. The calculated ratio of the MSA to SO2 production rates is smaller in winter than in summer, and the MSA to non-sea-salt sulfate (nssSO4
2-) molar ratio varies seasonally. This result agrees with data on the seasonal variation of the MSA/nssSO4
2- molar ratio obtained at middle and high latitudes. The calculations indicate that during winter the reaction of DMS with NO3 is likely to be a more important sink of NOx (NO+NO2) than the reaction of NO2 with OH, and to serve as a significant pathway of the HNO3 production. If dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is produced through the OH addition reaction and is heterogeneously oxidized in aqueous solutions, half of the nssSO4
2- produced in summer may be through the oxidation process of DMSO. It is necessary to further investigate the oxidation products by the reaction of DMS with OH, and the possibility of the reaction of DMS with NO3 during winter. 相似文献