3836C波段双线偏振多普勒雷达及其在一次降水过程中的应用研究   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

曹俊武刘黎平  陈晓辉陈刚 《应用气象学报》2006,17(2):192-200

该文介绍了2004年完成的在北京市气象局升级改造后的3836C波段双线偏振多普勒雷达的技术状况, 并通过对2004年11月9日北京地区一次大范围层状云降水观测资料的分析, 讨论了其探测资料的质量情况和对降水粒子的探测性能, 同时还根据零度层亮带内不同相态降水粒子的散射和空间取向等特征建立了一种利用双线偏振雷达观测资料识别零度层亮带的方法, 并利用该雷达的观测资料对识别结果做分析检验, 最后讨论了零度层亮带内各种降水粒子相态的变化规律。研究结果表明:除线性退极化比L_DR未作分析外, 3836雷达探测到的这次降雨过程的分析结果与国外双线偏振雷达的研究结果相似, 其对降水粒子相态结构的反映比较有效合理。建立的零度层亮带识别模式合理, 识别得到的结果能反映零度层亮带的特征。通过对零度层亮带内各偏振参数的变化特点分析, 从双偏振雷达测量参数的角度解释了“零度层亮带”现象的形成是由于在零度层以下的冰相粒子融化成大雨滴然后再裂碎为小雨滴, 从而造成在该层内水平偏振反射率因子Z_H、差分反射率因子Z_DR先增大后减小、水平/垂直偏振波零延迟相关系数ρ_hv (0) 先减小后增大的规律。  相似文献   

Bar-top hollows: A new element in the architecture of sandy braided rivers     

Jim Best  John Woodward  Phil Ashworth  Greg Sambrook Smith  Chris Simpson 《Sedimentary Geology》2006,190(1-4):241-255

Discrete hollows in the bar tops of the South Saskatchewan River are described that form a newly-recognized morphological element of sandy braided rivers. These bar-top hollows, which are up to 1.7 m deep and may extend for 10–30 m down and across flow, have a circular to ovoid planform and are shown, through use of ground penetrating radar, to be filled by a series of distinct, often angle-of-repose, foresets. The hollows form by both erosion and bar-top deposition and may be generated by bar-tail accretion, cross-bar channel cutoff and subsequent fill or lateral accretion at the bar-head. Bar-top hollows occur in the upper part of the bar depositional sequence and may thus prove useful indicators for braid bar reconstruction in ancient sediments, and should not be confused with channel scour.  相似文献   

灾害天气的识别和自动预警   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

《广西气象》2006,27(4):20-23

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Spatial patterns in thunderstorm rainfall events and their coupling with watershed hydrological response   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Efrat Morin  David C. Goodrich  Robert A. Maddox  Xiaogang Gao  Hoshin V. Gupta  Soroosh Sorooshian 《Advances in water resources》2006

Weather radar systems provide detailed information on spatial rainfall patterns known to play a significant role in runoff generation processes. In the current study, we present an innovative approach to exploit spatial rainfall information of air mass thunderstorms and link it with a watershed hydrological model. Observed radar data are decomposed into sets of rain cells conceptualized as circular Gaussian elements and the associated rain cell parameters, namely, location, maximal intensity and decay factor, are input into a hydrological model. Rain cells were retrieved from radar data for several thunderstorms over southern Arizona. Spatial characteristics of the resulting rain fields were evaluated using data from a dense rain gauge network. For an extreme case study in a semi-arid watershed, rain cells were derived and fed as input into a hydrological model to compute runoff response. A major factor in this event was found to be a single intense rain cell (out of the five cells decomposed from the storm). The path of this cell near watershed tributaries and toward the outlet enhanced generation of high flow. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis to cell characteristics indicated that peak discharge could be a factor of two higher if the cell was initiated just a few kilometers aside.  相似文献   

Seasonal changes in ground‐penetrating radar signature observed at a polythermal glacier,Bylot Island,Canada     

T. D. L. Irvine‐Fynn  B. J. Moorman  J. L. M. Williams  F. S. A. Walter 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(7):892-909

In recent years, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) has been increasingly used for characterization of subglacial and englacial environments at polythermal glaciers. The geophysical method is able to exploit the dielectric difference between water, air, sediment and ice, allowing delineation of subsurface hydrological, thermal and structural conditions. More recent GPR research has endeavoured to examine temporal change in glaciers, in particular the distribution of the cold ice zone at polythermal glaciers. However, the exact nature of temporal change that can be identified using GPR has not been fully examined. This research presents the results of three GPR surveys conducted over the course of a summer ablation season at a polythermal glacier in the Canadian Arctic. A total of approximately 30 km of GPR profiles were collected in 2002 repeatedly covering the lower 2 km of Stagnation Glacier, Bylot Island (72°58′ N 78°22′ W). Comparison between profiles indicated changes in the radar signature, including increased noise, appearance and disappearance of englacial reflections, and signal attenuation in the latter survey. Further, an area of chaotic returns in up‐glacier locations, which was interpreted to be a wet temperate ice zone, showed marked recession over the course of the ablation season. Combining all the temporal changes that were detected by GPR, results indicate that a polythermal glacier may exhibit strongly seasonal changes in hydrological and thermal characteristics throughout the ice body, including the drainage of 17 000 m³ of temporarily stored intra‐glacial meltwater. It is also proposed that the liquid water content in the temperate ice zone of polythermal glaciers can be described as a fraction of a specific retention capacity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

VAD技术三种仰角策略反演风场的比较和应用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

李杰  顾松山  胡中兵  林科学 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(2):220-227

对不同天气情况的资料分别采用单仰角VAD方法和多仰角VAD方法进行风场反演，比较了这两种算法的反演结果，提出了融合两种方法优点的自适应仰角取样方法，并进行反演比较，结果表明：单仰角和多仰角策略各有所长，采用自适应仰角取样策略结合两种方法优点，在某些场合下可以获得更有参考价值的VAD反演结果。  相似文献   

一次强对流过程的三维数值模拟   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12  

于华英  顾松山  刘鹏  陈章法  黄小玉 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(3):305-313

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所建立的完全弹性三维雹云数值模式（IAP-CSM3D），模拟了2004年4月23日横扫湘中湘南大部分地区的飑线强对流过程的流场、雷达回波和含水量等宏、微观物理量的分布及其演变。分析了冰雹形成的微物理过程，结果表明，冰雹粒子主要由冻滴（CNfh）和霰（CNgh）转化形成，其中冻滴的贡献比较大，冰雹主要是通过撞冻过冷水过程（CLch、CLrh）长大。将多普勒雷达实测资料同模拟的气流结构进行比较可见，雷达观测到散度随高度的变化与模式模拟的气流结构一致；模式输出的雷达回波强度及回波顶高与雷达观测事实相近。  相似文献   

2004年末黄淮暴雪的特点分析和数值模拟   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8  

王东勇  刘勇  周昆 《气象》2006,32(1):30-35

利用多普勒天气雷达资料和中尺度数值模式模拟分析了2004年12月20日夜里起到22日黄淮出现的大范围暴雪天气过程。发现黄淮地区暴雪天气形成的原因和特点明显不同于梅雨锋暴雨。多普勒雷达探测资料可以很好地反映这场暴雪的特点:对流高度不高,平均高度3~4km左右,最高不超过8km。在强降雪时近地面925hPa附近伴有很强的超低空急流,东北偏东风,风速达12~14m·s-1。高低空垂直切变明显,有很强的斜压性。高分辨率的中尺度数值模式可以很好地模拟出这次过程的演变和特点。  相似文献   

双线偏振多普勒天气雷达识别冰雹区方法研究   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

曹俊武  刘黎平 《气象》2006,32(6):13-19

利用美国KOUN雷达的一次强对流天气过程的观测资料，讨论分析了利用双线偏振雷达观测资料识别冰雹区的方法，在此基础上建立了利用模糊逻辑法识别冰雹的识别模式，并对其得到的结果进行分析和讨论，为国内未来的双线偏振雷达业务运行提供参考和帮助。分析结果表明；基于模糊逻辑法利用双线偏振雷达观测资料建立的识别模式，不仅可以反映出实际的冰雹区位置，而且还可以对其分类。其识别的结果比较符合实际的天气过程。  相似文献   

肇庆市一次超级单体的多普勒雷达资料分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

郭媚媚  麦冠华  胡胜  何华庆 《气象》2006,32(6):97-101

利用广州S波段多普勒雷达资料,对2004年7月1日夜间发生在广东省肇庆市的一次强对流天气过程进行分析,发现引起这次强对流的风暴具有超级单体风暴的特征。这个超级单体南边出现两条明显的出流边界,分别位于钩状回波的西南和东南。相应的中低层径向速度图呈现一个弱中尺度气旋,旋转速度达12m·s-1。该超级单体的移动方向在盛行风向的右侧约30°,属于右移风暴。  相似文献