Recent Sea Level and Sea Surface Temperature Changes Along the Maldives Coast     

O. P. Singh  Tariq Masood Ali Khan  Fahmida Aktar  Majajul Alam Sarker 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):209-218

Maldives, a South Asian small island nation in the northern part of the Indian Ocean is extremely vulnerable to the impacts of Sea Level Rise (SLR) due to its low altitude from the mean sea level. This artricle attempts to estimate the recent rates of SLR in Maldives during different seasons of the year with the help of existing tidal data recorded in the Maldives coast. Corresponding Sea Surface Temperature (SST) trends, utilizing reliable satellite climatology, have also been obtained. The relationships between the SST and mean sea level have been comprehensively investigated. Results show that recent sea level trends in the Maldives coast are very high. At Male, the capital of the Republic of Maldives, the rising rates of Mean Tidal Level (MTL) are: 8.5, 7.6, and 5.8 mm/year during the postmonsoon (October-December), Premonsoon (March-May) and southwest monsoon (June-September) seasons respectively. At Gan, a station very close to the equator, the increasing rate of MTL is maximum during the period from June to September (which is 6.2 mm/year). These rising trends in MTL along the Maldives coast are certainly alarming for this small developing island nation, which is hardly one meter above the mean sea level. Thus there is a need for careful monitoring of future sea level changes in the Maldives coast. The trends presented are based on the available time-series of MTL for the Maldives coast, which are rather short. These trends need not necessarily reflect the long-term scenario. SST in the Maldives coast has also registered significant increasing trend during the period from June to September. There are large seasonal variations in the SST trends at Gan but SST and MTL trends at Male are consistently increasing during all the seasons and the rising rates are very high. The interannual mode of variation is prominent both in SST as well as MTL. Annual profile of MTL along the Maldives coast is bimodal, having two maxima during April and July. The April Mode is by far the dominant one. The SST appears to be the main factor governing the sea level variations along the Maldives coast. The influence of SST and sea level is more near the equatorial region (i.e., at Gan). There is lag of about two months for the maximum influence of SST on the sea level. The correlation coefficient between the smoothed SST and mean tidal level at Gan with lag of two months is as high as ~ +0.8, which is highly significant. The corresponding correlation coefficients at Male with the lags of one and two months are +0.5 and +0.3, respectively. Thus, the important finding of the present work for the Maldives coast is the dominance of SST factor in sea level variation, especially near the region close to the equator.  相似文献   

Assessment of structural stability in Bohai Sea area based on AHP-GDM model     

XIU Zongxiang  LIU Baohu  XIE Qiuhong  LI Xishuang  LIU Chenguang  PEI Yanliang  ZHENG Yanpeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(4):41-48

The AHP-GDM model is used for the assessment of structural stability, with the Bohai Sea area as an example. In this model, the credit degree of each expert is calculated through the assessment matrix based on the similarity and diversity of vector. The comprehensive opinions of expert panel are quantitatively obtained by considering the effect of credit degree. According to the geological structural setting, the Bohai Sea is divided into twelve assessment zones of structural stability by non-uniform element method. The structural stability grade of each zone is obtained on the basis of the latest geophysical data, earthquake statistical data, and the information of fault activities, current stress field and crustal deformation. The results show that there are one relatively stable area, three relatively sub-stable areas, six relatively sub-unstable areas and two relatively unstable areas. The assessment results of non-uniform element method are very close with those of uniform grid method with size of 0.25° in longitude direction and 0.14° in latitude direction. However the workload of non-uniform element method is only 1/16 of the latter. Compared with traditional assessment methods of structural stability, a more objective and reliable assessment result can be obtained by combining non-uniform element method and AHP-GDM model.  相似文献   

Modal identification of a centrifuge soil model using subspace state space method     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

In this paper, modal parameters of a layered soil system comprising of a soft clay layer overlying a dense sand layer are identified from accelerometer recordings in a centrifuge test. For the first time, the subspace state space system identification (4SID) method was employed to identify the natural frequencies, damping ratios, and complex valued mode shapes while considering the non-proportional damping in a soil system. A brief review of system identification concepts needed for application of the 4SID techniques to structural modal identification is provided in the paper. The identified natural frequencies were validated against those estimated by transfer function spectra. The computed normal mode shapes were compared with closed-form solutions obtained from the one-dimensional shear wave propagation equation. The identified modal parameters were then employed to synthesize state space prediction models which were subsequently used to simulate the soil response to three successive base motions. The identified models captured acceleration time-histories and corresponding Fourier spectra reasonably well in the small and moderate shaking events. In the stronger third shaking event, the model performed well at greater soil depths, but was less accurate near the surface where nonlinearities dominated.  相似文献   

Efficient subset simulation for evaluating the modes of improbable slope failure     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

For analyzing low probability slope failures, a modified version of subset simulation, based on performance-based subset selection rather than the usual probability-based subset selection, is combined with the random finite element method. The application to an idealized slope is used to study the efficiency and consistency of the proposed method compared to classical Monte Carlo simulations and the shear strength reduction (SSR) method. Results demonstrate that failure events taking place without strength reduction have different modes of failure than stable slopes brought to failure by SSR. The correlation between sliding volume and factor of safety is also demonstrated.  相似文献   

一种去除地震背景噪音的新方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨光亮 《大地测量与地球动力学》2011,31(4):90-93

结合希尔伯特-黄变换方法,根据信号背景噪音时间延续性假设,提出了一种自适应地震信号去噪算法。利用该算法实现了台站地震监测信号的去噪分析。分析表明：1）该去噪算法能根据背景信号特性有效去除信号的低频干扰;2）该算法可自适应完成信号分解去噪,计算效率高,无时间分辨率和频率分辨率问题;3）该算法处理高频干扰存在缺陷,有待进一步完善。  相似文献   

地震海洋学方法在海洋混合参数提取中的研究与应用——以南海内波和地中海涡旋为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

拜阳  宋海斌  董崇志  刘伯然  陈江欣  耿明会 《地球物理学报》2015,58(7):2473-2485

混合是海洋中普遍存在的一种海水运动形式,对多个海洋学分支的研究具有重要的影响.随着物理海洋学的研究重心从大尺度向中小尺度现象过渡,近年来混合问题的研究重心也逐渐转向了中小尺度现象.内波与中尺度涡都是非常重要的中小尺度物理海洋学现象,对海洋能量在不同尺度中的级联发挥着重要的作用.本文基于地震海洋学研究了海洋混合参数的提取方法,并以南海内波和地中海涡旋为例进行了计算和分析.结果显示,南海内波在200~600m深度范围内所引起的混合可达10-2.79 m2·s-1左右,比大洋的统计结果10-5 m2·s-1高出两个数量级以上.而地中海涡旋所引起的湍流混合率可达10-3.44 m2·s-1左右,与大洋统计结果相比高出1.5个数量级左右,并且地中海涡旋下边界的混合要强于上边界,这一特征与前人的研究一致,另外涡旋上边界之上以及侧边界的外侧也具有非常高的混合率.  相似文献   

东南极冰盖Princess Elizabeth地区LGB69冰芯化学记录反映的南印度洋过去300 a大气环流变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨佼  效存德  丁明虎  窦挺峰 《冰川冻土》2015,37(2):286-296

利用2002年中国南极考察期间在东南极冰盖Princess Elizabeth地区钻取的LGB69冰芯, 对其海盐离子与大气环流的关系进行了分析. 结果表明: 冰芯主要化学离子的经验正交函数(EOF)分解的第一特征向量(EOF1)可以作为描述海盐气溶胶的传输强度的代用指标, 可用于表征南印度洋准定常低压带海平面气压(SLP)的变化. 冰芯最近23 a(1979-2001年)的记录与SLP和低层风场的相关模态反映了海平面气压场准半年振荡(SAO)和南极大陆边缘下降风的季节特征. LGB69冰芯很好地记录了1708-2001年间南半球环状模(SAM)的变化特征, Na⁺时间序列呈现的3.5 a周期变化与SAM的周期变化具有很好地一致性. 在1970年SAM转为正位相后, 其与Na⁺的相关关系也由负相关转为正相关. LGB69冰芯的海盐离子可以作为重建过去近300 a海平面气压场和SAM变化的代用指标.  相似文献   

Static and dynamic behavior of hunchbacked gravity quay walls   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Abouzar Sadrekarimi  Abbas Ghalandarzadeh  Jamshid Sadrekarimi 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(2):99-117

One of the parameters that can affect the lateral pressures behind a retaining wall is the back-face shape of the wall, which can be controlled by the designer, and has not been investigated experimentally. Therefore, in order to study this behavior, a set of 1g shaking table tests was carried out on hunched back gravity type quay walls made of concrete blocks. Crushed stone and silica sand were used in the backfill and subsoil, respectively. The subsoil was prepared by moist tamping. The models were fully instrumented and beside each earth pressure transducer a pore water pressure sensor was also installed behind the wall therefore the lateral effective stress acting on the wall could be calculated. Tests were performed with various base accelerations on models with different subsoil relative densities. The results show that the earth pressure increases at upper portions of the wall and decreases by the leaning slope at lower elevations. Depending on the back-face shape of the wall the total thrust and overturning moment would be increased or decreased after an earthquake. However, the hunched back-shape of the wall tends to raise the point of application of the total thrust exerted on the wall. Other advantages of hunched back walls are demonstrated as well.  相似文献   

集合经验模态分解(EEMD)在地下水位数据处理中的应用初探     

余丹  刘春国  王晓  韩雪君  黄兴辉 《中国地震》2019,35(2):337-346

使用集合经验模态分解方法将水位观测数据分为高、中、低等3个频率分量。高频分量可以用来识别和研究包含同震响应在内的高频事件;中间频率分量包含固体潮的半日波、全日波信号;低频分量则反映观测数据的长期趋势性变化特征。在此基础上,将该方法应用于张道口-1井和新10井的水位观测分钟值数据,从处理后得到的高频分量中识别出31次7级以上地震的同震响应,定量地分析了其最大振幅随震中距和震级的变化特征。  相似文献   

与北极涛动或北半球环状模相关的纬向对称的正规模态   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

赵南  Masaaki Takahashi 《气象学报》2005,63(6):857-863

作为一个全球气候变率的重要模态,北极涛动或北半球环状模态(AO/NAM)一般由北半球海平面气压变率的EOF1来表示。但是通常认为EOF1仅有统计学意义而并不能够表明它是否是一种实际的物理模态。另一方面,现有的波-流相互作用理论也仅能给出纬向风的纬向平均状况,而不能够保证沿着某一纬圈的变化,所以它并不意味着一个具有半球尺度的纬向对称的相干结构能够组织起来。因此AO/NAM的形成机制仍然是一个具有争议的问题。文章提出纬向对称的或环状的正规模态与基本气候态附近的线性(进而非线性)动力学之间有着最直接的联系,因而可能在AO/NAM动力学的理解中扮演重要角色。为了深入探讨AO/NAM的动力学本质,使用p-坐标球面原始方程计算了冬季北半球及全球气候基本态附近的线性动力系统纬向对称的正规模态,发现在半球尺度上的纬向对称正规模态具有AO/NAM的经向偶极子及垂直方向近似正压的空间结构特征。而这些纬向对称正规模的时间变化尺度取决于与其他非纬向对称正规模间的相互作用。从而说明了AO/NAM可能是半球尺度上纬向对称正规模态的动力学行为的反映。  相似文献