The Long-Term Field Experiment Observatory and Preliminary Analysis of Land-Atmosphere Interaction over Hilly Zone in the Subtropical Monsoon Region of Southern China          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Jian-Guo  XIE Zheng-Hui  JIA Bing-Hao  TIAN Xiang-Jun  QIN Pei-Hua  ZOU Jing  YU Yan  SUN Qin  WANG Yuan-Yuan  XIE Jin-Bo  XIE Zhi-Peng 《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):203-209

To improve current understanding of the water cycle,energy partitioning and CO2 exchange over hilly zone vegetative land surfaces in the subtropical monsoon environment of southern China,a long-term field experiment observatory was set up at Ningxiang,eastern Hunan Province.This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the field observations at the observatory collected from August to November 2012.Results show that significant diurnal variations in soil temperature occur only in shallow soil layers(0.05,0.10,and 0.20 m),and that heavy rainfall affects soil moisture in the deep layers(≥ 0.40 m).During the experimental period,significant diurnal variations in albedo,radiation components,energy components,and CO2 flux were observed,but little seasonal variation.Strong photosynthesis in the vegetation canopy enhanced the CO2 absorption and the latent heat released in daylight hours;Latent heat of evaporation was the main consumer of available energy in late summer.Because the field experiment data are demonstrably reliable,the observatory will provide reliable long-term measurements for future investigations of the land-atmosphere interaction over hilly land surfaces in the subtropical monsoon region of southern China.  相似文献   

“5.10”岷县暴雨灾害天气过程的数值模拟和诊断分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨小银  宋广宁  付培健 《高原气象》2013,32(3)

利用NCEP再分析资料和中尺度模式WRF,对2012年5月10日甘肃岷县出现的罕见雷电、短时强降水、冰雹和阵性大风等强对流天气过程进行了模拟,同时使用H YSPLIT后向轨迹模式对此次天气过程的水汽来源进行了模拟,并对模式输出的多种物理量进行了诊断分析.结果表明,WRF模式能较好地模拟此次天气过程;在此次降水发生过程中,暴雨区出现了很强的辐合上升运动,为降水的形成和发展提供了动力条件,中低层负螺旋度的短暂出现可作为降水即将发生的一个指标;来自西亚地区和孟加拉湾的水汽在甘南中层辐合,为此次暴雨提供了足够的水汽;不稳定能量的积累和释放,且能量的释放过程比积累过程快,导致暴雨的产生.  相似文献   

一次西南涡持续暴雨的GPS大气水汽总量特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

郝丽萍  邓佳  李国平  杨锦青 《应用气象学报》2013,24(2):230-239

利用成都地区地基GPS遥感的大气水汽总量资料 (GPS-PWV)、NCEP再分析资料、自动站降水量资料和探空站比湿资料,对2010年7月15—18日发生在四川盆地东北部的一次持续性暴雨的水汽变化特征进行综合分析,重点探究这次大暴雨的影响系统 (西南涡) 发生、发展前后GPS-PWV的演变特征及其与降水的关系。结果表明:降水发生时,GPS-PWV通常在短时间内有急剧的上升,并在西南涡形成前达到最大值;西南涡完全形成时,GPS-PWV急升结束;西南涡东移,GPS-PWV继续下降到最低,降水趋于结束。与水汽通量散度相比较,水汽散度垂直通量能更好地描述暴雨过程中的强上升、辐合辐散运动以及水汽输送情况,它与GPS-PWV变化趋势基本一致。因此,GPS-PWV的急升与陡降对大暴雨的形成与减弱有一定指示意义。  相似文献   

瞬变波动力强迫对初夏至盛夏东亚高空西风急流变化的影晌     

董丽娜  张福颖 《南京气象学院学报》2013,(5):568-576

利用NCEP／NCAR逐El再分析资料,探讨了瞬变波动力强迫作用对初夏至盛夏急流北跳和急流中心西移的影响。结果表明,瞬变波的动力强迫作用有利于急流北跳的发生,但不利于急流中心西移的发生。通过分析年际尺度上初夏至盛夏急流变化的早晚与瞬变波异常的关系发现,对于急流北跳发生的早晚,瞬变波异常的动力强迫作用为正反馈作用;对于中心西移发生的早晚,瞬变波异常的动力强迫作用则为负反馈作用。可见,瞬变波的动力强迫作用对初夏至盛夏急流变化及其发生早晚具有重要影响,但对急流北跳和急流中心西移的作用显著不同。  相似文献   

辽宁东南半岛两次北上台风暴雨特征及成因对比分析     

崔曜鹏  杨磊  孙丽  高艳波  魏海宁  华婧婧  崔景轩  刘春溪 《气象与环境学报》2022,38(2):1-11

利用常规观测资料、NCEP FNL再分析资料、卫星和雷达资料等对2012年台风“达维”（过程1）和2017年台风“海棠”（过程2）导致的辽宁东南半岛两次极端暴雨过程的降水特征及成因进行对比分析。结果表明: 两次过程的降水特征存在差异,过程1是大范围的稳定持续性暴雨,受台风倒槽触发的多个中尺度云团造成的列车效应影响,持续时间长达30 h; 而过程2的小时雨强更大,最强达到113 mm·h^-1,小尺度积云不断新生并涌入到中尺度云团中,雷达图存在后向传播特征,强风暴基本反射率达到50—60 dBz,中尺度辐合风场伸展高度达到9 km,对流云发展更旺盛,过程2的对流性降水特征更明显。过程1暴雨在台风倒槽里发展,过程2在台风输送的暖湿空气与对流层干冷空气的相互作用中产生。两次过程中,台风残涡与副热带高压间均形成了横跨10个纬距的水汽输送带,850 hPa水汽通量均达到20—25 g^-1·cm^-1·hPa^-1·s^-1,比湿和水汽通量散度达到辽宁登陆台风暴雨物理量的预报阈值; 远距离台风对阻挡副热带高压南落和建立北上台风引导气流起到关键作用。过程1受“达维”残涡倒槽影响,辐合层由地面伸展到500 hPa,动力抬升条件更强; 过程2中850 hPa假相当位温达到354 K,由于中层干空气侵入,位势不稳定较强,在大尺度辐合和地形强迫抬升作用下,形成更为深厚对流云,对流性降水特征明显。  相似文献   

Changes in Global Vegetation Distribution and Carbon Fluxes in Response to Global Warming: Simulated Results from IAP-DGVM in CAS-ESM2     

Xiaofei GAO  Jiawen ZHU  Xiaodong ZENG  Minghua ZHANG  Yongjiu DAI  Duoying JI  He ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(8):1285-1298

Terrestrial ecosystems are an important part of Earth systems, and they are undergoing remarkable changes in response to global warming. This study investigates the response of the terrestrial vegetation distribution and carbon fluxes to global warming by using the new dynamic global vegetation model in the second version of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Earth System Model (CAS-ESM2). We conducted two sets of simulations, a present-day simulation and a future simulation, which were forced by the present-day climate during 1981–2000 and the future climate during 2081–2100, respectively, as derived from RCP8.5 outputs in CMIP5. CO₂ concentration is kept constant in all simulations to isolate CO₂-fertilization effects. The results show an overall increase in vegetation coverage in response to global warming, which is the net result of the greening in the mid-high latitudes and the browning in the tropics. The results also show an enhancement in carbon fluxes in response to global warming, including gross primary productivity, net primary productivity, and autotrophic respiration. We found that the changes in vegetation coverage were significantly correlated with changes in surface air temperature, reflecting the dominant role of temperature, while the changes in carbon fluxes were caused by the combined effects of leaf area index, temperature, and precipitation. This study applies the CAS-ESM2 to investigate the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate warming. Even though the interpretation of the results is limited by isolating CO₂-fertilization effects, this application is still beneficial for adding to our understanding of vegetation processes and to further improve upon model parameterizations.  相似文献   

Calculating the Climatology and Anomalies of Surface Cloud Radiative Effect Using Cloud Property Histograms and Cloud Radiative Kernels     

Chen ZHOU  Yincheng LIU  Quan WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(12):2124-2136

Cloud radiative kernels (CRK) built with radiative transfer models have been widely used to analyze the cloud radiative effect on top of atmosphere (TOA) fluxes, and it is expected that the CRKs would also be useful in the analyses of surface radiative fluxes, which determines the regional surface temperature change and variability. In this study, CRKs at the surface and TOA were built using the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM). Longwave cloud radiative effect (CRE) at the surface is primarily driven by cloud base properties, while TOA CRE is primarily decided by cloud top properties. For this reason, the standard version of surface CRK is a function of latitude, longitude, month, cloud optical thickness (τ) and cloud base pressure (CBP), and the TOA CRK is a function of latitude, longitude, month, τ and cloud top pressure (CTP). Considering that the cloud property histograms provided by climate models are functions of CTP instead of CBP at present, the surface CRKs on CBP-τ histograms were converted to CTP-τ fields using the statistical relationship between CTP, CBP and τ obtained from collocated CloudSat and MODIS observations. For both climate model outputs and satellites observations, the climatology of surface CRE and cloud-induced surface radiative anomalies calculated with the surface CRKs and cloud property histograms are well correlated with those calculated from surface radiative fluxes. The cloud-induced surface radiative anomalies reproduced by surface CRKs and MODIS cloud property histograms are not affected by spurious trends that appear in Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) surface irradiances products.  相似文献   

2013年湖北一次大暴雨β中尺度分析和模拟诊断     

祁海霞  辜旭赞  白永清  钟敏  王晓玲 《气象》2017,43(3):268-277

利用地面加密自动站资料、FY 2E卫星TBB和NCEP/GFS 0.5°×0.5°分析场资料,对2013年7月5—6日发生在湖北鄂东的大范围暴雨过程β中尺度系统活动特征进行了研究,并利用WRF中尺度模式输出的高分辨率资料进行诊断分析。诊断分析表明：该次鄂东大暴雨过程发生在深厚低槽前正涡度区、低空切变线前部急流核附近与高空强辐散气流以及不稳定能量重合区域中,暖湿气团的抬升凝结高度较低,具有较高的降水效率;产生暴雨的直接原因是由3个不同时间和地域的近圆形β中尺度对流系统先后移动经过形成;采用WRF中尺度模式对这次大暴雨过程做了数值模拟,中尺度模式模拟总水物质（水汽+云水+云冰+雨水）通量散度降水率的诊断分析,得出7月5日夜间β中尺度对流系统中有多个γ小尺度单体活动,此物理量值一定程度上可以定量估算雨团的小时雨强,而模拟最大可能对流可降水率的诊断分析,可以反映雨团内部的水汽、热力条件与降水量之间关系。  相似文献   

6种地表热通量资料在伊朗—青藏高原地区的对比分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘超  刘屹岷  刘伯奇 《气象科学》2015,35(4):398-404

基于JRA25、ERA40、ERA-Interim、NCEP1、NCEP2和20CR,对比了不同资料中气候平均(1979—2008年)伊朗—青藏高原感热通量和波文比的季节演变,以及夏季高原感热的年际变率和线性趋势。6套资料均表明,由春到夏亚洲大地形区域地表热状况的季节演变存在明显差异,青藏高原东南部低空气旋生成,一方面增多了局地降水,减弱了地表西风,造成潜热加强,感热减弱,波文比减小;另一方面加强了伊朗高原的东北风,抑制了当地降水,令感热加强,波文比增加,构成了青藏—伊朗高原感热通量季节演变的纬向非对称分布。虽然近30 a来伊朗高原(青藏高原)夏季感热线性增加(减小)的趋势一致,但不同资料所反映的伊朗—青藏高原夏季感热通量的年际变化差别明显。  相似文献   

Temporal trend of the suspended sediment transport of the Amazon River (1984–2016)     

Otávio Cristiano Montanher  Evlyn Márcia Leão de Morais Novo  Edvard Elias de Souza Filho 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(13-14):1901-1912

ABSTRACT

We discuss the claim that the Amazon River has been subjected to a noticeable increase in suspended sediment transport (SST) in response to both climate and land-use changes. To study this, both satellite imagery and in situ data were compiled to produce a 32-year time series (1984–2016) of suspended sediment concentration. Both parametric and nonparametric statistics were applied to examine the SST time trend. The results indicate that there has been no statistically significant increase in SST in the last 32 years, independent of the statistical approach. The results indicate that, over the last 32 years at the Óbidos station, in Brazil, a recurring pattern of increase and decrease in SST has occurred, rather than a unidirectional systematic trend. This further explains the increasing trend reported in the literature and indicates that short time series are not recommended for time trend analyses due to the large inter-annual variability.  相似文献