Horizontal and vertical fluxes of particulate matter during wind erosion on arable land in the province La Pampa,Argentina     

《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(5):539-552

A detailed analysis of horizontal and vertical particulate matter (PM) fluxes during wind erosion has been done, based on measurements of PM smaller than 10, 2.5, and 1.0 μm, at windward and leeward positions on a measuring field. The three fractions of PM measurement are differently influenced by the increasing wind and shear velocities of the wind. The measured concentrations of the coarser fractions of the fine dust, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5, increase with wind and shear velocity, whereas the PM_1.0 concentrations show no clear correlation to the shear velocity. The share of PM_2.5 on PM₁₀ depends on the measurement height and wind speed and varies between 4 and 12 m/s at the 1 m height ranging from 25% to 7% (average 10%), and at the 4 m height from 39% to 23% (average 30%). Although general relationships between wind speed, PM concentration, and horizontal and vertical fluxes could be found, the contribution of the measuring field was very low, as balances of incoming and outgoing fluxes show. Consequently, the measured PM concentrations are determined from a variety of sources, such as traffic on unpaved roads, cattle drives, tillage operations, and wind erosion, and thus, represent all components of land use and landscape structure in the near and far surroundings of the measuring field. The current results may reflect factors from the landscape scale rather than the influence of field-related variables. The measuring devices used to monitor PM concentrations showed differences of up to 20%, which led to considerable deviations when determining total balances. Differences up to 67% between the calculated fluxes prove the necessity of a previous calibration of the devices used.  相似文献   

潮间带滩涂沉积物与水体热通量模拟          下载免费PDF全文

郭雅琼  马进荣  程梦妍 《水科学进展》2018,29(5):728-736

为了揭示滩涂对近岸水温影响,开展潮间带滩涂沉积物与海水之间热量交换研究。以韩国西南海岸的滩涂为例,建立滩涂沉积物温度模型,模拟不同潮汐状态下沉积物垂向剖面温度以及沉积物与水体间的热通量,并分析了季节、滩涂位置、潮位-太阳辐射相位对热通量的影响。研究表明:模拟出的沉积物温度与实测值吻合较好。沉积物与水体存在大量热量交换,且集中在淹没后的前3 h,最大热通量可达398.7 W/m2。冬季月份海水向滩涂净传热。夏季月份滩涂向水体净传热,且当滩涂淹没时刻发生在当地正午或正午过后3 h内,滩涂传递给水体的热量相对较大,达2.0 MJ/（m2·d）;累积热通量随滩涂干滩率的减小而减小。研究成果为进一步深入研究滩涂影响下近岸水温变化提供了技术支撑。  相似文献   

呼伦贝尔市2016年3月31日-4月2日暴雪过程天气学特征研究     

王洪丽  付亚男  孟雪峰  隋沆锐  王颖 《冰川冻土》2018,40(3):501-510

利用常规观测资料及NCEP 1.0°×1.0°再分析资料,对2016年3月31日至4月2日发生于呼伦贝尔市的一次暴雪天气过程的环流形势、成因机制进行分析,以期总结出此次暴雪的特殊之处,为今后的暴雪天气预报提供可参考的经验。从天气学角度详细地分析此次暴雪过程的高低空影响系统的生消演变,特别对产生极端降水的水汽输送条件、水汽辐合情况、局地水汽聚集以及垂直运动情况进行详尽的分析。研究结果表明：此次暴雪天气过程是由短波扰动叠加低空锋区,导致斜压有效位能释放转变为扰动动能,并促使扰动发展加深为大型涡动而产生;水汽通量分布形态在一定程度上决定了水汽输送效果,“均匀狭长”的分布形态具有更高的水汽输送效率;涡度差动平流与温度平流表明动力因子与热力因子在本次过程中对垂直运动均有显著贡献,而水平散度作为直接反映质量汇集、流失的参量可以更为直观地反映垂直运动的强弱与分布;整层水汽通量散度积分作为与降水强度直接相关的物理量,对于降水量级的反映异常精准,配合中低空气流强度与方向,可对降水落区与时段进行精确判断。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地春、夏季CO_2通量特征     

陈慧  缪启龙  买买提艾力·买买提依明  何清 《干旱区地理》2015,38(3)

利用世界上唯一深入流动沙漠腹地200 km以上的塔克拉玛干沙漠塔中站所采集的2011年4月、7月的气象资料,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地春、夏季CO2通量的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地CO2通量表现为白昼地表吸收CO2,夜间地表排放CO2,且地表吸收强度明显大于地表排放;塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地春、夏季CO2平均净吸收速率分别为0.93μmol·m2·s-1和0.82μmol·m2·s-1;CO2通量受大气稳定性影响较大,稳定大气条件利于沙漠地表CO2的释放,不稳定大气条件有利于沙漠地表CO2的吸收;此外,地表温度、土壤湿度、风速均与CO2通量呈不同程度的负相关关系。  相似文献   

磁浮现与太阳表面活动现象的关系     

李理  张洪起 《天文研究与技术》2006,3(1):1-12

综述了近年来人们对磁浮现与耀斑，暗条，CME等太阳表面磁活动的相关关系的研究进展。概述了磁浮现的一些观测特性和理论研究现状。最后提出了今后对磁浮现做进一步研究工作的一些设想。  相似文献   

Modelling sediment (dis)connectivity across a river network to understand locational-transmission-filter sensitivity for identifying hotspots of potential geomorphic adjustment     

Sana Khan  Kirstie Fryirs  Simone Bizzi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(14):2856-2869

Rivers act as ‘jerky conveyor belts’ that transmit fluxes of flow and sediment downstream. This transmission of fluxes can be highly variable within a drainage basin resulting in either abrupt or gradational sediment (dis)connectivity patterns and processes. This study assesses sediment (dis)connectivity across a basin as a means to understand the locational, transmission and filter sensitivity properties of a fluvial system. Drawing upon the case study of Richmond River Catchment, New South Wales, Australia we use the concepts of effective catchment area and buffers, along with graph theory and an empirical sediment transport model CASCADE (Catchment Sediment Connectivity and Delivery), to assess (1) the degree to which modelled sediment cascades along the river network are connected or disconnected (2) how the position, pattern and configuration of (dis)connection facilitates or restricts geomorphic adjustment in different parts of a catchment, and (3) use the findings as a basis to explain the locational-transmission-filter sensitivity of the catchment. We use this analysis to segregate supply limited and transport limited reaches and identify various controls on sediment dynamics: in-stream sediment storage units, junctions between different geomorphic river types, tributary confluences and sediment storage units within partly confined floodplain units. Such analysis lays the foundation for network scale identification of potential hotspots of geomorphic adjustment.  相似文献   

广州市土壤—大气界面Hg交换通量研究     

刘飞  成杭新  杨柯 《物探与化探》2014,(2):331-338

运用Tekran 2537 A与动力学通量箱联测技术,对广州市5个绿化带和草地土壤—大气界面汞交换通量进行了实地监测,结果表明,广州市5个监测点土壤—大气界面汞交换通量密度均值为7.341±9.714 ng·m-2·h-1,不同地点土壤—大气汞交换通量密度有显著差异。汞交换通量密度随土壤汞含量的增加而增大,气象条件显著影响汞交换通量,汞交换通量密度与光照和土壤温度呈显著正相关关系,与土壤pH呈负相关关系,降雨和植被显著影响汞交换通量。  相似文献   

Fluxes of riverine nutrient to the Zhujiang River Estuary and its potential eutrophication effect     

Li Zhang  Yumin Yang  Weihong He  Jie Xu  Ruihuan Li 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(6):88-98

The Zhujiang River Estuary is becoming eutrophic due to the impact of anthropogenic activities in the past decades. To understand nutrient dynamics and fluxes to the Lingdingyang water via four outlets(Humen,Jiaomen, Hongqimen and Hengmen), we investigated the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of dissolved nutrients in the Zhujiang River Estuary, based on fourteen cruises conducted from March 2015 to October 2017,covering both wet(April to September) and dry(October to March next year)...  相似文献   

On the variability of vertical eddy heat flux in the upper ocean     

Tianshi Du  Peiran Yang  Zhao Jing 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(10):94-99

Ocean eddies produce strong vertical heat flux (VHF) in the upper ocean, exerting profound influences on the climate and ecosystem. Currently, mooring array provides a standard way to estimate the eddy-induced VHF (EVHF) based on the adiabatic potential density equation. Apart from the validity of adiabatic assumption, it remains unclear to what extent the estimated EVHF at a single location within a limited time period is representative of its climatological mean value. In this study, we analyzed the above issue by systematically evaluating the variability of EVHF simulated by a 1-km ocean model configured over the Kuroshio Extension. It is found that the EVHF at a single location exhibits pronounced variability. Even averaged over one year that is comparable to the current maintenance capacity of mooring array, the EVHF still deviates significantly from its climatological mean value. For more than 49% of locations in our computational domain (31°–40°N, 149°–166°E), the discrepancy between the one-year mean EVHF and its climatological mean value at the peaking depth is larger than the climatological mean itself. The mesoscale eddies play a dominant role in the variability of EVHF but contribute little to the climatological mean EVHF; the opposite is true for submesoscale eddies. Our findings indicate that nested mooring array allowing for isolating the effects of submesoscale eddies will be useful to obtain climatological mean EVHF.  相似文献   

放牧对退化草地近地面辐射的影响     

李小院  张圣微  王帅  李瑞燊  赵星宇  刘敏敏 《中国沙漠》2022,42(1):223-233

随着环境变化,草原地表状态也会改变,尤其是近地面能量收支过程变化更明显。为深入理解半干旱草原地表辐射能量平衡过程对放牧的响应特征,利用内蒙古正镶白旗典型退化草原2020年生长季（6—10月）的辐射通量观测资料,对比分析了禁牧、放牧草地太阳总辐射、地表反射辐射、大气长波辐射、地表长波辐射、净辐射以及地表反照率的日变化和生长季变化规律的差异。结果表明：在生长季,太阳总辐射随着时间推进逐月递减;禁牧区的地表反射辐射总体小于放牧区;各月大气长波辐射日变化幅度很小,处于130—370 W·m^-2;禁牧、放牧条件下地表长波辐射存在明显的季节变化规律,但是二者之间的差异甚微。内蒙古典型退化草原生长季近地面辐射通量有显著单峰型日变化特征。禁牧、放牧草地地表反照率都呈现“U”型日变化规律。生长季放牧草地的反照率明显高于禁牧草地。在禁牧区,辐射分量（地表反射辐射、大气长波辐射）和植被指数（归一化差异植被指数）对净辐射的影响是正向极显著的;而地表反照率和另一辐射分量（地表长波辐射）对净辐射有显著的负向作用。在放牧区,地表反射辐射和大气长波辐射对净辐射有极显著的正向作用;而地表反照率和地表长波辐射对净辐射的作用则是负向显著的。植被状况是影响内蒙古典型退化草原近地表辐射能量收支过程的首要因子。  相似文献