Role of barotropic mechanism in the development of a monsoon depression: A MONEX study     

D. Subrahmanyam  M. K. Tandon  L. George  S. K. Mishra 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1981,119(5):901-912

The role of barotropic processes in the development of a monsoon depression, formed on 5 July 1979 during MONEX observational period, is studied by considering it as a quasi-geostrophic divergent barotropic instability problem of zonal flow of 3 July 1979 at 700 mb level. Numerical solutions are obtained by initial value approach. The preferred wave has a wavelength of 2750 km, an e-folding time of 4.3 days, a period of 6.5 days and an eastward phase speed of 4.9 ms^–1. Structure of preferred wave is found to be in good agreement with the observed horizontal structure of the depression at 700 mb. Poleward momentum transports are found to predominate over equatorward transports.Parts of this paper were presented at the National Symposium on Early Results of MONEX-1979. 9–12 March 1981, in New Delhi, India.  相似文献   

The influence of organic debris on channel morphology and bedload transport in a New Zealand forest stream     

M. Paul Mosley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1981,6(6):571-579

The behaviour and form of, and bedload sediment transport through, a 3.5 m wide forest stream have been monitored for nearly three years. Bedload transport is highly episodic and spatially variable, and is controlled less by water discharge than by sediment availability. Organic debris in the channel creates temporary base levels and sites at which coarse sediment may remain stored for long periods; collapse or disruption of log and debris jams makes sediment available for transport in only a small proportion of the runoff events that are actually competent to move the material. Even then, sediment travels only a short distance before being redeposited, frequently behind debris accumulations further downstream. Rates of sediment transport during a given runoff event can vary markedly over short distances along the stream, again depending on whether sediment was made available for transport by log jam collapse upstream. Organic debris is therefore a major constraint on the application of physical laws and theories to explaining sediment movement in, and the morphology of, this stream.  相似文献   

Minimum precipitable water in the atmosphere above Skibotn,Northern Norway     

R. Mook 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(4):573-582

For the site of the astronomical observatory operated by The University of Tromsø in Skibotn, Northern Norway, the distribution of very small amounts of atmospheric water vapour is estimated from aerological data. For 5 winter months through a period of 11 years, during at least 6 per cent of the time, the precipitable water is likely not to exceed 3.0 mm, i.e. observations at wavelengths as long as 25 and a little short of 1 mm are possible. For a mountain site at 1250 m altitude, the corresponding amount is estimated to be 1.8 mm. The small amounts considered, were observed in the subsidence of tropospheric ridges. The Skibotn site is compared with other sites for infrared measurements in the Subtropics and in the Arctic.  相似文献   

A study of energetics during an active monsoon over Indian region     

S. N. Pandey  J. Chattopadhyay 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1979,117(5):865-873

The various forms of energy and energy conversions have been computed over a part of the Indian region during an active monsoon period, using the quasigeostrophic baroclinic model. The energetics of the monsoon depression have been discussed on the basis of these results.  相似文献   

Problems in the calibration of an acoustic device for the observation of bedload transport     

K. S. Richards  L. M. Milne 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(4):335-346

Developments in theoretical and empirical modelling of bedload transport processes are hindered by the lack of an adequate data base for testing or establishing the models. Conventional methods of measuring bedload transport rates fail to provide the necessary continuous or frequent record of variations at a single section. Acoustic techniques have the potential to overcome this deficiency, but their application has been very limited. Some of the problems of calibrating an acoustic device in the field and in a laboratory flume are discussed, and a possible circuit design described which might minimize calibration difficulties by automatically subtracting the noise generated by flow turbulence.  相似文献   

Role of barotropic,baroclinic and combined barotropic-baroclinic instability for the growth of monsoon depressions and mid-tropospheric cyclones     

B. N. Goswami  R. N. Keshavamurty  V. Satyan 《Journal of Earth System Science》1980,89(1):79-97

A detailed barotropic, baroclinic and combined barotropic-baroclinic stability analysis has been carried out with mean monsoon zonal currents over western India, eastern India and S.E. Asia. The lower and middle tropospheric zonal wind profiles over western India are barotropically unstable. The structure and growth rate of these modes agree well with the observed features of the midtropospheric cyclones. Similar profiles over eastern India and S.E. Asia, however, are barotropically stable. This is attributed to weak horizontal shear, inherent to these profiles. The upper tropospheric profiles, on the other hand, are barotropically unstable throughout the whole region. The features of these unstable modes agree with those of observed easterly waves. The baroclinic and combined barotropic-baroclinic stability analyses show that the baroclinic effects are not important in tropics. Though the barotropic instability of the mean zonal current seems to be res ponsible for the initial growth of the mid-tropospheric cyclones, neither barotropic nor baroclinic instability of the mean zonal current seem to explain the observed features of the monsoon depressions.  相似文献   

Hydrochemical aspects of the negro river,patagonia, argentina     

Pedro J. Depetris 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1980,5(2):181-186

Water samples collected in the Negro River drainage basin (Patagonia, Argentina) during two different field trips—the first in May 1972 and the second in January 1973—were analysed for the major dissolved inorganic constituents. Q-mode factor analyses demonstrate that two factors account for over 98 per cent of the variance in both sample suites. They represent: a) the direct influence of solution of evaporites and associated carbonate rocks in an arid environment-type; b) the influence of the weathering products of metamorphic, igneous rocks, and varied non-calcareous sediments. R-mode factor analyses of the two sets of data suggest that although the main mechanisms controlling water chemistry were essentially the same, the principal sources of dissolved solids differed significantly in each separate occasion. Further, the major mechanisms controlling its water chemistry are within a wide spectrum of the so-called ‘rock dominance’.  相似文献   

Relationships between rainy days,mean daily intensity and seasonal rainfall in normal,flood and drought years over india     

C. V. Singh 《大气科学进展》1998,15(3):424-432

There are limitations in using the seasonal rainfall total in studies of Monsoon rainfall climatology. A correlation analysis of the individual station seasonal rainfall with all India seasonal mean rainfall has been made. After taking the significance test (strictly up to 5% level) the stations which are significantly correlated have been considered in this study in normal, flood and drought years respectively. Analysis of seasonal rainfall data of 50 stations spread over a period of 41 years suggests that a linear relationship fits better than the logarithmic relationship when seasonal rain-fall versus number of rainy days is studied. The linear relationship is also found to be better in the case of seasonal rainfall versus mean daily intensity.  相似文献   

赤道太平洋对流活动异常对我国夏季降水和气温的影响     

郭艳君  倪允琪 《气象》1998,24(6):11-16

利用月平均ＯＬＲ、降水和气温资料,研究了ＥＮＳＯ期间赤道太平洋对流活动与我国夏季降水和气温的关系。结果表明：春季、夏季中、西太平洋对流活动异常与我国夏季江淮地区的降水有密切关系;春季和前一年冬季西太平洋对流活动异常与东北地区夏季降水有显著相关。前一年冬季中、西太平洋对流活动异常与我国降水的显著相关区是不同的,前者为华南、西南地区,后者为东北至内蒙古一带。气温与同期中、西太平洋对流活动的相关不显著。  相似文献   

我国东部夏季降水型与北半球大气环流和北太平洋海温的关系   总被引：27，自引：10，他引：17  

谭桂容  孙照渤 《南京气象学院学报》1998,21(1):1-7

用历年北半球５００ｈＰａ月平均高度场及北太平洋海温资料,运用合成分析,奇异值分解等方法,分析了我国夏季降水型与同期,前期环流及海温场的关系,结果表明我国夏季降水型与大气环流及北太平海之间有密切的关系。  相似文献