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981.
Geoscientific Information Systems (GIS) provide tools to quantitatively analyze and integrate spatially referenced information
from geological, geophysical, and geochemical surveys for decision-making processes. Excellent coverage of well-documented,
precise and good quality data enables testing of variable exploration models in an efficient and cost effective way with GIS
tools. Digital geoscientific data from the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) are being used widely as spatial evidence in
exploration targeting, that is ranking areas based on their exploration importance. In the last few years, spatial analysis
techniques including weights-of-evidence, logistic regression, and fuzzy logic, have been increasingly used in GTK’s mineral
exploration and geological mapping projects. Special emphasis has been put into the exploration for gold because of the excellent
data coverage within the prospective volcanic belts and because of the increased activity in gold exploration in Finland during
recent years. In this paper, we describe some successful case histories of using the weights-of-evidence method for the Au-potential
mapping. These projects have shown that, by using spatial modeling techniques, exploration targets can be generated by quantitatively
analyzing extensive amounts of data from various sources and to rank these target areas based on their exploration potential. 相似文献
982.
不同与以往基于最小二乘的多元线性回归方法,本文首次尝试将新型的第二代回归分析方法——偏最小二乘回归分析方法应用到中国区域的降水建模中.利用区域内394个气象观测站建站到2000年45年(及以上)的降水资料,建立了一个简单的年、季降水量和地理、地形因子(包括纬度、经度、地形高程、坡度、坡向和遮蔽度)的关系模型,估算了区域降水量中地理、地形的影响部分,并分析了这种影响的特征.结果表明,用此方法建立的模型能够解释70%以上的因变量的变异,相关系数基本都在0.84以上,经交叉有效性检验,模型的回归效果较显著.分析表明,在多元线性回归不适用的情况下,本文基于偏最小二乘法的简单模型能够比较准确地定性、定量地再现实际降水分布. 相似文献
983.
本文对2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊以西发生MW9.0级地震后所做的地震趋势预测做了反思,指出:关于全球特大地震近年可能连发,特大地震对几年内世界7级以上地震年频度没有明显影响,但未来几年内7级以上强震可能集中在这次特大地震附近或相关构造上的预测意见是正确的;而有关近年中国大陆及川滇地区可能发生7级强震的预测是错误的;并认为,2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震释放了已积累的应变可能是这次特大地震不能触发中国大陆及川滇地区发生强震的重要原因。 相似文献
984.
985.
从"统计预测"、"经验预测"、"物理预测"的角度讨论了世纪之交地震预测预报研究的国际进展。"统计预测"包括地震预测预报方法的统计检验、"统计地震学",以及统计物理在地震预测预报中的应用;"经验预测"包括搜索可能的前兆异常的尝试、建立将可能的前兆异常现象与地震孕育过程联系起来的简单模型、发现对地震预测预报研究具有重要意义的新现象,以及地球介质变化的动态监测试验;"物理预测"包括地震孕育和发生的物理模型、地震断层带性质的观测和实验研究,以及对震源的直接探测和钻探。讨论了"统计预测"、"经验预测"、"物理预测"之间的关系,对"把经验预测或统计预测变成物理预测"的发展战略提出质疑。 相似文献
986.
The mean value concept in mono-linear regression of multi-variables and its application to trace studies in geosciences 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
A J T JULL 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(12):1828-1834
The "mean value concept" in a mono-linear regression of multi-variables is clarified.Its applications to reconstruction of the past 90-year salinity of the sea surface water in Xisha Islands and to tracing the past 80 ka paleo-geomagnetic events from the Luochuan loess 10Be record are introduced in detail,which show the significance and the potential of the "mean value concept" in geoscience research. 相似文献
987.
An Experiment Using the High Resolution Eta and WRF Models to Forecast Heavy Precipitation over India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Y. V. Rama Rao H. R. Hatwar Ahmad Kamal Salah Y. Sudhakar 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(8-9):1593-1615
In the present study using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Eta models, recent heavy rainfall events that occurred
(i) over parts of Maharastra during 26 to 27 July, 2005, (ii) over coastal Tamilnadu and south coastal Andhra Pradesh during
24 to 28 October, 2005, and (iii) the tropical cyclone of 30 September to 3 October, 2004/Monsoon Depression of 2 to 5 October
2004, that developed during the withdrawal phase of the southwest monsoon season of 2004 have been investigated. Also sensitivity
experiments have been conducted with the WRF model to test the impact of microphysical and cumulus parameterization schemes
in capturing the extreme weather events. The results show that the WRF model with the microphysical process and cumulus parameterization
schemes of Ferrier et al. and Betts-Miller-Janjic was able to capture the heavy rainfall events better than the other schemes. It is also observed
that the WRF model was able to predict mesoscale rainfall more realistically in comparison to the Eta model of the same resolution. 相似文献
988.
A probabilistic fog forecast system was designed based on two high resolution numerical 1-D models called COBEL and PAFOG.
The 1-D models are coupled to several 3-D numerical weather prediction models and thus are able to consider the effects of
advection. To deal with the large uncertainty inherent to fog forecasts, a whole ensemble of 1-D runs is computed using the
two different numerical models and a set of different initial conditions in combination with distinct boundary conditions.
Initial conditions are obtained from variational data assimilation, which optimally combines observations with a first guess
taken from operational 3-D models. The design of the ensemble scheme computes members that should fairly well represent the
uncertainty of the current meteorological regime. Verification for an entire fog season reveals the importance of advection
in complex terrain. The skill of 1-D fog forecasts is significantly improved if advection is considered. Thus the probabilistic
forecast system has the potential to support the forecaster and therefore to provide more accurate fog forecasts. 相似文献
989.
Measurements of topsoil magnetic susceptibility are often used for quick assessment of soil contamination of anthropogenic
origin, with heavy metals or other pollutants. However, because of complicated correlations between low-field magnetic susceptibility
(shortened to magnetic susceptibility) of topsoil and soil pollution, the outcome of a field magnetometry survey can not be
related directly to soil pollution. For each case study, the results should be interpreted on their own taking into account
not only the type of pollution but also pedogenic, biogenic and environmental factors. In practice, it is very difficult to
measure and consider all these factors. Here we illustrate the merit of geostatistical methods, which are focused on the spatial
variability of a phenomenon, in the interpretation of soil magnetometry results.
This article presents the analysis of spatial variability of top soil layers magnetic susceptibility-within the Upper Silesia
Industrial Region (USIR)-using semivariance analysis. It also explains how to adjust the sampling density of field magnetometry
measurements to spatial variability of the soil pollution as well as to the spatial scale of the investigated area. For this
purpose, the values of magnetic susceptibility have been measured by using various sampling densities at areas of different
size located within USIR. This enabled to determine the main scales of magnetic susceptibility spatial variability of soils
within USIR using semivariance. A few distinct scales of variability were found from the site scale to a more regional scale.
Variability ranges of 30 km, 12 km, and 5 km refer to the large regional scale, whereas smaller ranges of few hundreds down
to a few tens of meters, can be attributed to the local (site) scale. In addition, the precision of the measuring campaigns,
performed within USIR with different sampling densities, was compared through the analysis of the spatial variability of the
soil magnetic susceptibility signal by using ordinary kriging.
jarek97@yahoo.com, piotr.fabijanczyk@is.pw.edu.pl 相似文献
990.
André Salgado César Varajão Fabrice Colin Régis Braucher Angélica Varajão Herminio Nalini Jr 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(6):905-911
The present work quantifies the erosive processes in the two main substrates (schists–phyllites and granites–gneisses) of the upper Maracujá Basin in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero/MG, Brazil, a region of semi‐humid tropical climate. Two measuring methods of concentration were used: (i) in situ produced 10Be in quartz veins (surface erosion rates) and (ii) 10Be in fluvial sediments (basin erosion rates). The results confirm that (i) erosion tends to be more aggressive close to the headwaters than in the lower parts of the basin and (ii) the region is now affected by dissection. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献