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11.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):179-191
Abstract Skill measures based on 2 × 2 contingency tables were adopted for the quantitative internal verification of snow cover simulations with the distributed hydrological model PREVAH, which provided a high resolution simulation of the hydrological cycle for Switzerland for the 1981–2000 period. Simulated snow cover has been compared to data monitored at 103 stations. The skill measures provide valuable quantitative indications on the correspondence of the modelled and observed values. The analysis with objective scores reveals better model estimates of snow cover presence and distribution in locations above 1000 m a.s.l., relative to lower areas. For explicit spatial verification, 20 NOAA-AVHRR snow cover scenes were compared to the model results. The spatial and temporal differences in the agreement between observed and simulated snow cover patterns were assessed. PREVAH provides reliable snow cover simulations. The results also reveal that scores from 2 × 2 contingency tables provide objective methodological support in the quantitative estimation of the agreement between observed and simulated spatial patterns. 相似文献
12.
Birger Ulf Hansen M.Sc. 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):94-99
Birger Ulf Hansen: Satellite Monitoring of the Biomass Production in Southern Greenland. Geografisk Tidsskrift 88:94–99. Copenhagen, 1988. Based on satellite data from Southern Greenland the application of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for monitoring biomass production has been evaluated. Field measurements of spectral reflectance data are quantitatively correlated with clipped samples of total above-ground biomass production. The relation between NDVI measured on the ground and biomass production is discussed. The seasonal and geographical variation in NDVI is correlated with the climate and water balance. The potential production is estimated as the product of mean NDVI and the length of the growing season. The results suggest that operational satellite monitoring of NDVI provides valuable assistance in agricultural management and forward planning of the potential breeding capacity in an arctic/subarctic environment. 相似文献
13.
While the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) was operating, the Kuroshio and the Kuroshio Extension, or the Kuroshio
Current System, exhibited unusual behavior from the winter of 1996 to the summer of 1997. This behavior of the Kuroshio Current
System has been closely studied using a time series of satellite observation images of SST and ocean color obtained by ADEOS-OCTS,
reinforced by SST images obtained by NOAA-AVHRR. Our findings include (i) a long lasting, very southerly path of the Kuroshio
Extension; (ii) a Kuroshio path very distant from Japan with the following alternating-jet-like north-south flow pattern of
the Kuroshio Extension, which occurred twice, once in February and once in April 1997, as independent events and which was
observed to be affected by the bottom topography of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge and Trench, and of the Japan Trench; (iii) cutting
off of a cold water mass after the February event; and (iv) the formation of a vortex pair after the April event. A new mechanism
is suggested for the formation of the alternating-jet flow pattern: a topographically forced alternating-jet instability (AJI).
An SST-Chlorophyll Diagram (T-Chl Diagram) generated using simultaneous data from a single satellite is useful for analyzing
the water mass structure of this region, including biological processes. 相似文献
14.
NOAA16卫星积雪识别和参数提取 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
通过对积雪、地物和云进行光谱分析,指出传统的NOAA-AVHRR可见光和近红外波段进行云雪识别存在困难,而雪在红外波段的低反射性特点是区分云雪的一个可行途径.利用NOAA16气象卫星新增的1.6μm红外波段,对中国北方冬季的卫星积雪图象进行识别,结果显示,云雪可以准确区分.同时,提出了利用AVHRR资料估算积雪面积、积雪深度和积雪时间的方法,并对积雪深度进行了精度检验. 相似文献
15.
渤海AVHRR多通道海冰密集度反演算法试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了得到更精确的渤海海冰密集度反演参数,采用辽东湾不同类型海冰ASD实测数据,在分析光谱特征的基础上,针对NOAA/AVHRR数据确定出合适海冰密集度反演算法阈值。继而,基于线性光谱混合模型的多通道反演算法进行了一系列算法试验。同时实现了基于LandSat5-TM数据的渤海海冰密集度场反演,并利用该结果与AVHRR单通道和多通道算法得到的海冰密集度反演结果进行比对分析。定量误差分析结果表明,当单通道算法或组合算法中包含1通道时,与Landsat5-TM反演结果的平均误差为正值,包含2通道且不包含1通道时,平均误差为负值;同时使用这两个通道较只包含其一的各种组合算法的平均误差明显偏小;在各种组合算法中,1245四个通道组合反演的海冰密集度结果误差最小,可应用于渤海AVHRR数据海冰密集度反演。 相似文献
16.
利用1982—2000年NOAA-AVHRR数据资料,研究了中国区域地表反照率的空间分布及其随时间的变化规律。结果表明,中国区域年均地表反照率在空间分布上有很大的差异,胡焕庸线以西地区地表反照率明显大于以东地区;年平均地表反照率呈现缓慢下降趋势,但是不同地区的变化趋势有所不同,年均地表反照率显著降低的区域主要集中在华北平原,显著增加的区域主要集中在长白山和大兴安岭北部;不同季节地表反照率存在很大的差异,冬季最大,春、夏季次之,秋季最小,且冬季平均地表反照率波动幅度比较大;不同地表覆盖的地表反照率的年际变化也存在比较显著的差异。 相似文献
17.
用NOAA-AVHRR热通道数据演算地表温度的劈窗算法 总被引：50，自引：9，他引：50
气象卫星NOAA-AVHRR有两个热通道用来监测地球表面温度。劈窗算法是用这两个热通道数据演算地表温度的最常用方法。近10年来,国际遥感界已经提出了10多种劈窗算法。本文主要介绍这些劈窗算法,并比较它们的演算精度,重点放在这些算法的具体计算方面,以便有关同行在需要计算地表温度时有选择地应用. 相似文献
18.
像元分解法提取积雪边界线 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
利用NOAA16-AVHRR的多光谱数据进行像元分解提取积雪边界线。首先对遥感数据进行主成分分析，提取含99％信息量的前两个主分量，对其进行散点图分析，获取终元。进行多光谱混合像元分解，提取积雪盖度参数，并依据积雪盖度提取积雪边界线。同时比较了最大似然分类提取的积雪边界线，发现分类积雪边界线变化较大，而盖度积雪边界线比较稳定，主要原因是像元分解提取的积雪边界线物理意义明确。 相似文献
19.
利用遥感地表参数分析上海市的热岛效应及治理对策 总被引：18，自引：5，他引：18
从NOAA-AVHRR数据提取出晴空状况下上海市的地表反照率、地表温度和植被指数参数，分析了冬夏两季遥感地表参数所反映的热岛效应变化。发现在冬夏两季的白天和夜晚都存在明显的城市热岛效应，在冬季夜晚的热岛效应比白天强，而在夏季夜晚的热岛效应比白天弱。这是由于下垫面的差异，导致白天城区地表温度大大超过郊区。城区的地表反照率和植被指数始终小于郊区。进一步的相关分析表明，夏季城市的地表温度与植被指数、地表反照率存在显著的负相关，相关系数分别为-0．975、-0．712。通过提高植被覆盖率和地表反照率，可以减小城市热岛效应。 相似文献
20.
The Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research in Davos (SLF) provides snow depth maps for Switzerland on a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km. These snow depth maps are derived from snow station measurements using a spatial interpolation method based on the dependency of snow depth and altitude. During a winter season the number of operating snow stations varies and the area-wide snow depth interpolation becomes increasingly difficult in spring. The objective of the study is to develop an operational and near-real time method to calculate snow depth maps using a combination of in situ snow depth measurements and the snow cover extent provided from space borne observations. The operational daily snow cover product obtained from the polar-orbiting NOAA-AVHRR satellite is used to gain an additional set of virtual snow stations to densify the in situ measurements for an improved spatial interpolation. The capacity of this method is demonstrated on selected days during winter 2005. Cross-validation tests are conducted to examine the quantitative accuracy of the synergetic interpolation method. The error estimators prove the decrease in error variance and increase of overall accuracy pointing out the high capacity of this new interpolation method that can be run in near real-time over a large horizontal domain at high horizontal resolution. A solid method for snow–no snow classification in the processing of the satellite data is essential to the quality of the snow depth maps. 相似文献