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碘化银、液态CO2播撒对流云防雹增雨的数值模拟 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
利用三维对流云模式对2001年8月23日发生在北京的降雹性对流天气过程进行播撒模拟和分析。结果表明,无论播撒剂为碘化银(AgI)还是液态CO2(LC),在最大过冷水区播撒均比在最大上升气流区播撒效果好。在最大过冷水区(温度0~-10℃)播撒时,AgI播撒消雹增雨的效果均优于LC播撒。在最大上升气流区(温度8~-7℃)播撒时,LC播撒的增雨效果要好于AgI播撒,而AgI播撒减雹量较大。对本例而言,无论哪种播撒方式,播撒时间越早,采用合适的剂量进行催化,消雹增雨的效果越好。在云体发展成熟之前播撒均可以取得消雹增雨的效果,而云体发展旺盛或发展后期播撒则会导致雨水减少,降雹增多。 相似文献
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黑碳气溶胶由于其对大气辐射平衡和气候的影响而受到高度重视,碘化学则是大气化学中十分重要的研究领域。然而对于卤素化合物尤其含碘化合物与黑碳气溶胶表面相互作用的研究还少有报道。文中首次研究了在298K下,碘氧自由基(IO)重要源之一的碘代异丙烷(i-C3H7I)在黑碳表面的吸附,黑碳样品使用DegussaFW2(一种含有氧化态的无定形黑碳)。实验发现碘代异丙烷与黑碳表面发生相互作用,使黑碳表面逐渐被钝化,并且其吸附系数(γ)与暴露时间相关。实验测得初始吸附系数(γ0)值为(9.5±3.8)×10-2。所报道的初始吸附系数γ0可以提供一个上限值,实验结果表明在真实大气环境下,i-C3H7I在黑碳气溶胶表面的非均相消耗可能是十分重要的,也许会对i-C3H7I在真实大气中的浓度有一定影响。并且研究结果对进一步研究i-C3H7I与黑碳气溶胶相互作用对大气辐射平衡、黑碳气溶胶非均相化学作用和云雾降水凝结核(CCN)形成的影响均有十分重要的意义,研究结果也为评估i-C3H7I与碳质气溶胶非均相相互作用对大气环境的影响和深入的模式研究提供了基本参数。 相似文献
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本文对积分安培离子色谱法测定地下水中碘化物含量的不确定度进行了评定,标准曲线采用双误差拟合法,建立了不确定度评定模型,得出几种影响测定结果的因素。 相似文献
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采用罗丹明123(Rh123)和碘化丙啶(PI)两种荧光染料对栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)精子线粒体活性进行检测,比较不同染液浓度和染色时间的检测效果,并用该方法检测和比较超低温冷冻保存对线粒体活性的影响。结果显示:Rh123和PI染色的最适染液浓度均为10μg/mL,染色时间控制在10 min之内;染色后具有线粒体活性的精子发出绿色荧光,死精子发出红色荧光,质膜受损但线粒体还未受损的精子发出红绿色荧光,表明Rh123和PI双荧光染色检测栉江珧精子线粒体活性是可行的;精液经冷冻后,线粒体活性为61.9%、质膜完整率56.8%,显著低于新鲜精液组(95.3%、93.5%),表明冷冻对精子结构会造成不同程度的损伤,Rh123和PI双荧光染色法可用来检测栉江珧精子质量。 相似文献
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将马氏珠母贝新鲜精液和精子水浴致死精液配制含有不同精子死亡率(0%、20%、40%、60%、80%)的5浓度梯度检测样品,并作为理论精子死亡率,采用二乙酰荧光素(Fluorescein diacetate,FDA)-碘化丙啶(Propidium iodide,PI)双荧光复染法检测精子存活率和质膜完整性。结果表明,FDA和PI能有效区分活精子和死精子,活精子发出绿色荧光,死精子发出红色荧光。各样品实测精子死亡率和理论死亡率之间呈极显著正相关,相关系数r=0.99(p<0.01)。FDA-PI双荧光复染法检测马氏珠母贝精子存活率,灵敏度高,重复性好,准确有效。 相似文献
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纳米碘化银在人工影响天气的应用研究 II: 室内实验 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
运用爆炸法,使用“37型”降雨实弹分别在室内20 L和1200 L云室对研制的人工影响天气纳米碘化银催化剂的成冰性能,包括成核率、成冰阈温、核化速率等,进行检测和研究.在相同实验条件下,在“37型”降雨实弹上将纳米碘化银催化剂与目前常用碘化银催化剂进行对比试验.结果表明,纳米碘化银催化剂成冰性能明显优于常规碘化银催化剂,其成核率比常规碘化银催化剂提高1~2个数量级;成冰阈温值增加;核化速率明显加快. 相似文献
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Gerald L. Crow Marlin J. Atkinson Benny Ron Shannon Atkinson Arleene D. K. Skillman George T. F. Wong 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1998,4(3-4):469-480
Captive whitetip reef sharks, Triaenodon obesus,at Sea Life Park (SLP) Hawaii, Waimanalo, Hawaii develop goitre, whereas, T. obesus at the Waikiki Aquarium (WAQ), Honolulu,Hawaii do not develop goitre. To determine theeffects of natural concentrations of iodine on thereduction of goitre, two sharks from SLP with goitrewere placed in an enclosed coastal lagoon with naturalseawater. Using ultrasound measurements the twogoitres were initially 11.4 cm and 14.6 cm in depthand after 3 months decreased to 4.7 cm and 5.7 cm. Radioimmunoassay analysis of the thyroid hormoneT3 sera concentrations were initially 0.22 ng/mland 0.33 ng/ml and increased to 1.84 ng/ml after beingplaced in the lagoon. Sera T4 were initially0.93 ng/ml and 0.99 ng/ml and increased dramaticallyto 17 ng/ml and 56 ng/ml. Over the six month samplingperiod, two resident sharks in the lagoon with normalthyroids had sera T3 concentrations from 0.89ng/ml to 1.1 ng/ml, and sera T4 concentrationsfrom 3.1 ng/ml to 7.9 ng/ml. The hypothyroidcondition in the SLP goitred-sharks is likely linkedto the low environmental iodide (<0.005 M), andhigh nitrate (111 M) of SLP water. The WAQwell-water facility was characterized by anoxic waterwith high iodide (0.60 M), total iodine (1.90M), and typical nitrate (24.6 M)concentrations of interstitial groundwater. Thedifference of iodide concentration of SLP and WAQ tankwater (<0.005 M versus 0.60 M) wasdirectly related to the hydrogeology of the well-watersources. To avoid goitre in marine aquarium systems,we recommend maintaining iodide concentrations of atleast 0.15 M. 相似文献
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Rosie Chance Alex R. Baker Frithjof C. Küpper Claire Hughes Bernard Kloareg Gill Malin 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
A number of field and laboratory studies on the impact of marine macroalgae on dissolved inorganic iodine speciation are presented. Within tidally isolated rock pools, the brown macroalga Fucus serratus was found to both release stored iodide and to facilitate the reduction of iodate to iodide. In contrast, no discernible changes in iodine speciation were observed in rock pools containing green macroalgae of the genus Ulva. Incubation experiments confirmed that the macroalgae Laminaria digitata, F. serratus and Kallymenia antarctica release iodide, though the rate of release varied between species and between specimens of the same species. Application of oxidative stress by treatment with cell wall derived oligoguluronate elicitors increased the efflux of iodide by L. digitata approximately 20-fold. The release of iodide by macroalgae may impact upon the formation of volatile iodine species (molecular iodine and iodocarbons) that are of importance in the coastal atmosphere. 相似文献
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在0.01 mol/L硫酸介质中,Hg2+与过量I-和番红花红T(ST)反应生成稳定的离子缔合物[ST]2[HgI4],使ST褪色,据此建立了褪色光度法测定微量汞的方法。最大褪色波长为519 nm,体系的褪色程度与Hg2+浓度在0~1.35μg/mL内呈线性关系,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.24×105L/(mol.cm),检出限为2.26μg/L。采用巯基棉富集分离,测定河水中的微量汞,方法相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.2%~1.7%,回收率为98.3%~102.6%。 相似文献