基于闪电定位数据的地闪密度修订     

彭国平 《气象科技》2017,45(5):876-881

利用湖北省闪电定位系统(Lightning Location System,LLS)资料,用网格地闪密度数据表征地闪的空间分布,测站距离因子表征探测站布局,对2015年地闪空间分布特征进行分析,结果表明,其密度与因子之间存在负相关,其中雷电流幅值5~30kA的密度分量与因子之间存在显著性相关,大于30kA的密度分量与因子相关不显著。同时发现探测站布局对地闪空间分布的疏密程度有一定的影响,因此有必要对密度进行修订,以消除测站布局的影响。运用线性回归方法及其残差理论,建立了网格地闪密度的修订模型和相对探测效率的统计模型。验证了密度分段修订和不分段修订结果的一致性。通过对理论探测效率和相对探测效率的对比分析,论证了地闪密度修订方法和相对探测效率统计方法的可行性。  相似文献   

Theoretical discussion and Monte-Carlo simulations for a Negative Binomial process paradox     

M. Lang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1999,13(3):183-200

The idea of an over-threshold sampling is to retain all the events of a time-series exceeding a given threshold. The probabilistic analysis implies estimating two statistical models, one describing the occurrence of the events (date of the events), the other describing their magnitude (value of the local maximum). These two models are then combined to obtain the distribution of the annual maxima. A well-known result of a Poisson process is that waiting time, defined as the duration between two successive events exceeding the threshold, is exponentially distributed. The assertion that the waiting time of a Negative Binomial process is also exponentially distributed seems to be in obvious contradiction with the Poisson process properties. A theoretical discussion and Monte-Carlo simulations are presented to solve this apparent paradox.  相似文献   

Evaluation of urban underground space resources using a negative list method: Taking Xi’an City as an example in China     

《China Geology》2020,3(1):124-136

Utilization of urban underground space has become a vital approach to alleviate the strain on urban land resources, and to optimize the structure and pattem of the city. It is also very important to improve the city environment, build livable city and increase the capacity of the city. Based on the analysis of existing evaluation methods and their problems, a method for evaluating underground space resources based on a negative list of adverse factors affecting underground space development is proposed, to be primarily used in urban planning stages. A list of the adverse factors is established, including limiting factors, constraining factors and influencing factors. Taking Xi’an as an example, using a geographical information system platform, a negative list of adverse factors for the underground space resources in Xi’ an City are evaluated, and preventive measures are proposed. Natural resources, exploitable resources, and the potential growth of exploitable underground space resources are evaluated. Underground space assessment in the different development stages of the city, collaborative utilization and safety evaluation for multiple subsurface resources, environmental impact and assessment, as well as evaluation methods based on big data and intelligent optimization algorithms are all discussed with the aim of serving city planning and construction.  相似文献   

日本海沟俯冲带热结构与深源地震   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张晨  张双喜  E. Carminati  高冰玉 《地球物理学报》2014,57(10):3208-3217

本文利用有限差分方法,计算了全地幔对流模式和双层地幔对流模式下日本海沟俯冲带热结构、浮力及P波速度异常分布,基于亚稳态橄榄石相变模型推测亚稳态橄榄石的存在范围,同时分析了热传导系数、热膨胀系数和热源对俯冲带热结构的影响,以及俯冲带所受浮力与俯冲带形态的关系.结果表明,双层地幔对流模式下模拟的P波速度异常分布与层析成像结果更为相符,也与深源地震的分布有较好的相关性.板块内部亚稳态橄榄石的存在范围随热传导系数和热膨胀系数的减小而增大,同时忽略相变潜热和剪切生热的影响也会造成模型所预测的亚稳态橄榄石范围偏大.俯冲带所受负浮力在400 km深度附近达到最大值,亚稳态橄榄石的存在使负浮力逐渐减小,甚至在板块内部产生正浮力,不利于俯冲带穿透660 km相变界面.  相似文献   

肥城矿区水资源分析及其调水概念模型设计     

廖爱民  黄鑫磊 《地下水》2011,33(5):183-186

本文从水资源保护利用的角度,提出了＂负水＂和＂压郁水＂的概念,通过对肥城矿区水资源量的评价和矿井涌水量的研究,认为,肥城矿区水资源潜力很大;通过对矿井水水质的评价,认为：肥城矿区＂压郁水＂水量大,直接排放将成为影响环境的＂负水＂。针对肥城矿区＂压郁水＂的现状,通过改造塌陷坑,利用生物净水技术,并结合地下水和地表水联合调...  相似文献   

Seismogram Analysis and Fitting of Three Earthquakes,West Papua,Recorded at Stations ENH and KMI,China     

Bagus Jaya Santosa 《中国地震研究》2008,22(2):206-217

The S wave velocity structure of the earth below Eastern Southeast Asia has been investigated by analyzing the seismogram from surface wave to multiple depth waves in the time domain and three Cartesian components simultaneously. The wave passes across the front area of subduction zone between the Philippine plate and the Asian plate. The main data are waveform comparisons, instead of the arrival times. The synthetic seismogram is calculated using the GEMINI method. The synthetic seismogram constructed by PREMAN global earth model deviates greatly from the measured one. To solve this problem, corrections are needed for the β speed structure. Corrections cover the gradient change of βh, which turns from negative to positive in upper mantle layers as in the PREMAN, change of earth crust depth and change of zero order coefficients of β velocity function in all earth mantle layers. So, the fitting is obtained, as well as the arrival time or the waveform of Love and Rayleigh surface waves, the S wave and the repetitive depth waves ScS2 and ScS3. This result reveals that the Southeast Asia, being stretched due to tectonic release, has a mantle in some parts with negative anomaly of S wave velocity and vertical anisotropy in all earth mantle layers.  相似文献   

Acidic polar compounds in petroleum: a new analytical methodology and applications as molecular migration indices     

R. Galimberti  C. Ghiselli  M. A. Chiaramonte 《Organic Geochemistry》2000,31(12)

A new method for analysis of acidic polar compounds, is described and discussed. It allows the simultaneous quantification of carboxylic acids, phenols and carbazoles and combines accuracy with a short turnaround time, a requirement strictly necessary for industrial applications. Routinely use of this methodology (more than 50 applications in many different sedimentary basins) has supplied many important pieces of information about oil origin, maturity, biodegradation and, in particular, has allowed to define a molecular migration index (MMI), based on relative abundance of phenol and alkyl phenols. The combination of well-established geochemical tools focused on saturated and aromatic fractions (such as biomarkers, compound specific isotope ratio analysis, and GC fingerprinting) with this methodology results in the definition of an integrated interpretative sequence. This last enhances the quality of interpretations through cross-checks and permits a better exploitation of oil samples by using also their less explored fraction, i.e. the polar compounds. Application results of this methodology are only shortly mentioned in this paper, which is mainly focused on analytical aspects. The results will be more extensively discussed in a future publication.  相似文献   

Long-Term Starspot Activity of the Eclipsing Variable System CG Cyg     

A. V. Kozhevnikova  I. Yu. Alekseev  V. P. Kozhevnikov  M. A. Svechnikov 《Astrophysics》2005,48(3):291-303

Photometric observations of the eclipsing variable system CG Cyg (G9+K3, P=0 ^d .63), which belongs to a group of short-period, chromospherically active RS CVn type stars with the same type of activity as the sun, have been made over two seasons in 2003 and 2004. The spotting of the star’s surface is modelled using the original observations together with photometric data published since 1965. In every season the spots were concentrated near the equator and covered up to 18% of the star’s entire surface, while the temperature difference between the quiescent photosphere and the spotted regions was 2100 K. Cyclical variations in the total area and average latitude of the spots, as well as flip-flop of the active longitudes, are suspected. Latitudinal drift of the spots during a cycle and differential rotation of the star are discovered. The following orbital elements are obtained: M₁ = 0.93 M⊙, M₂ = 0.81 M⊙, R₁ = 1.01 R⊙, and R₂ = 0.82 R⊙.__________Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 349–363 (August 2005).  相似文献   

上海市两套闪电定位系统探测能力对比分析     

顾宇丹  虞敏  林文旻 《气象与环境科学》2018,41(3):128-133

为综合评价上海市两套闪电定位系统(Vaisala和Earth Network Total Lightning System)对上海及周边地区地闪的探测能力,利用2015 2016年两套闪电定位系统数据,从地闪数据量、雷电强度、时空分布、空间匹配度和定位精度等多个方面展开对比。结果表明,在上海市范围内相同时间段内Vaisala探测到的地闪频次稳定大于Entls的,但在上海市区域外则相反。两套系统探测到地闪雷电流强度呈单峰分布,以10~20 k A区间内的雷电居多。从数据空间匹配度来看,上海北部地区及杭州湾南岸,Entls相对Vaisala地闪探测的匹配度达70%以上,在上海市范围内该匹配度降至20%左右。两套系统探测到的地闪定位误差大部分集中在5 km以内,且以0~2 km为主。雷暴过程中两套系统探测的地闪随时间变化趋势较为一致,且与雷达回波有一定的匹配度。因此,两套系统都能实现对上海及周边地区地闪的探测,但由于设备型号、探测技术和自身误差等方面的差异,数据量上有差异,需要长时间积累数据进行对比分析,才能更好地利用数据,为防雷减灾服务。  相似文献   

伽玛测井多点式反褶积法及其负值含量问题的讨论     

汤彬  陆玲 《铀矿地质》1991,7(2):99-107

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