抗差秩亏自由网平差在GPS网平差中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘光博  王晓梅  丁传庭 《地理空间信息》2012,10(6):119-120,123,2

在讨论抗差估计与秩亏自由网平差2个模型的基础上,将抗差估计与秩亏自由网联合,建立抗差秩亏自由网平差模型,并且将此模型应用于GPS基线向量网平差。经过实际数据验证的结果表明,此模型能有效地抑制粗差影响。  相似文献   

Quantification of the magnitude of net erosion in the southwest Barents Sea using sonic velocities and compaction trends in shales and sandstones     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

During specific intervals within Mesozoic and Cenozoic times, several areas of the southwestern Barents Sea were subjected to uplift and erosion. Areas with missing shallow stratigraphic interval sections and major erosion can be seen at several places along interpreted regional profiles in the southwestern Barents Sea. A new Normal Compaction Trend (NCT) for two selected shale– and sandstone–dominated lithologies has been constructed based on sonic logs in the southwestern Barents Sea. The shale– dominated NCT is calibrated to the Cretaceous shales in the northern North Sea and Norwegian Sea and applied to the Cretaceous shales of the Barents Sea. The sandstone–dominated NCT is calibrated to the Lower Jurassic Åre Formation of the Norwegian Sea and applied to the Lower Jurassic–Upper Triassic coastal plain section in the Barents Sea. By utilising the NCT model, the study estimates net apparent erosion in 28 selected Barents Sea wells based on comparison of sonic log velocities. A net apparent erosion map of the study area was constructed by gridding of the well values. The accuracy of the map is limited in areas with little well control, such as in the northwest, where the east–west transition into the southwestern Barents Sea region is poorly constrained. With that in mind, the map clearly shows two regional trends which dominate the erosion pattern in the study area; an increasing amount of erosion towards the north and a sharp decrease of erosion westwards of the hinge zone into the southwestern Barents Sea. The highest erosion estimates are observed towards Svalbard, with values up to 2500 m. The results of this study can be further utilized in petroleum system studies in the eroded areas.  相似文献   

Incentive policy for reduction of emission from ships: A case study of China     

《Marine Policy》2017

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from ships in ports are a major contributor to air pollution and smog in port cities. The issue of how to reduce PM emissions has become a critical concern for port city residents and governments. This paper establishes an incentive policy to reduce PM emissions from ships in ports. Using a Panamax bulk carrier as a case study, eight alternative approaches that could be adopted by shipping companies are compared and their operational benefits are estimated. By restricting the analysis to emission control areas (ECAs), the net present value (NPV) model shows that the diesel particulate filter (DPF) is the most advantageous approach with the highest NPV, while the exhaust gas scrubber (EGS) approach is the most economically inefficient. Meanwhile, due to DPF's excellent performance in PM abatement, it is suggested that governments should prioritize the DPF approach when promoting the application of emission reduction technologies. From the perspective of social welfare, a positive social benefit of about US $20,000 will be generated over the life cycle of a ship. However, a low government pricing in China will reduce shipping companies’ operational performance as the emission control zone (ECZ) gradually expands. As a result, an appropriate subsidy scheme is necessary to encourage shipping companies to apply emission reduction technologies.  相似文献   

棉田土壤热通量的计算   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

申双和  崔兆韵 《气象科学》1999,19(3):276-281

本文在两年棉花田间试验观测的基础上,利用土壤中热传导方程模拟5cm层土壤温度的时间变化,进而推算出其它层次的土壤温度,与实测值相比,模拟均方误最大为0．14,最大温度绝对误差为0．7℃．通过对温度方程求深度上的偏导数获得土壤热通量的计算公式,计算值与实测值比较,均方误最大为0．006,效果较好。本文还通过2cm层土壤热通量与棉花冠层净辐射之间的关系,结果表明土壤热通量与冠层净辐射有着很好的相关性。  相似文献   

基于WEBGIS技术建立太湖网络综合数据库系统   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张天纯  杨宏伟 《湖泊科学》2002,14(4):381-383

介绍了如何利用WebGIS软件,空间数据库引擎ARCSDE和客户机/服务器的方法在WWW上构建网络综合数据库,并在Internet网上发布,使得全球网络用户可以进行远程湖泊数据浏览,查询和下载,从而实现太湖流域综合信息的全球共享和维护。  相似文献   

气候变化对中国中纬度半干旱草原生产力影响机理的模拟研究   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

季劲钧  黄玫  刘青 《气象学报》2005,63(3):257-266

应用大气植被相互作用模式(AVIM)模拟了内蒙古半干旱草原的净初级生产力和生物量。在此基础上,通过气温和降水变化的敏感性控制试验探讨了气候变化对草地初级生产力的影响机理。研究表明,无论是降水或温度的变化对草地的生产力都有显著影响。降水增加,生产力增加。而温度增加,生产力下降。气候变化对生产力影响的机理是:降水增加改善了土壤的水分供给条件,增强了光合速率,从而提高了生产力。温度增高,一方面可以增加光合速率,另一方面却使蒸散加强,土壤变干,光合速率下降,而后一作用过程在半干旱地区大于前者,因而温度增高使生产力下降。单一气候因子敏感性试验表明,温度增高或降低2℃,年净初级生产力(NPP)变化约20%,中纬度半干旱草地地上生物量可以改变30%以上。降水量变化50%,年NPP改变37%,地上生物量将改变近30%。  相似文献   

阅海湿地芦苇NPP遥感估算及其时空变化分析     

钟宇峰  牛涛  贾文贤  崔云磊  刘洪利  邓博文  崔洋  吴门新 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(6):71-78

利用1987—2012年Landsat 5、2013—2017年Landsat 8数据,分析1987—2017年阅海湿地净初级生产力（NPP）时空变化趋势。同时,基于高分数据（GF2）估算2015—2017年4 m分辨率NPP时空变化,与Landsat结果进行对比。结果表明：在各年7—8月的NPP中2002年NPP值最低,为691.11 g·C·m^-2,2003—2007年NPP均值先增大后减小,2008年后芦苇NPP均值趋于平缓;20世纪80—90年代,芦苇广泛分布于阅海湿地湖中心及四周区域,21世纪00—10年代,芦苇集中分布于湖域东北部区域;1987—2017年,阅海湿地芦苇NPP变化区域差异明显。阅海湿地东北部区域呈降低趋势。对比阅海湿地2016—2017年GF2与Landsat反演区域平均NPP,二者并无显著差异,且变化趋势也一致。  相似文献   

台湾以东黑潮流量变异与冬季西北太平洋海洋-大气相互作用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

温娜  刘秦玉 《海洋与湖沼》2006,37(3):264-270

通过对历史资料进行奇异值分解、合成分析及相关分析,揭示了对应冬季台湾以东黑潮流量增强(减弱)时,西北太平洋海区异常失热(得热),北太平洋(北纬20°N以北)上空500hPa位势高度负异常(正异常);进一步证实了冬季西北太平洋海洋-大气相互作用是一个正反馈过程;发现了冬季台湾以东黑潮的暖平流作用可能是维持该正反馈过程进行的一个必要条件;通过超前和滞后相关及合成分析,提出从10月开始,台湾以东黑潮流量异常形成的暖平流作用会对冬季西北太平洋海区海洋-大气相互作用有贡献。  相似文献   

Geographical and seasonal variations in biomass and estimated production rates of net zooplankton in Yatsushiro Bay, Japan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Miwa Hayashi  Shin-ichi Uye 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(6):877-889

The biomass and production rate of net zooplankton were studied at eight stations in Yatsushiro Bay, Japan, monthly from May 2002 to April 2003. Based on environmental conditions, the bay was divided into three regions, viz. northern (average depth, salinity and chlorophyll a concentration: 11 m, 31.8 and 6.5 μg l⁻¹, respectively), central (30 m, 32.8 and 3.2 μg l⁻¹, respectively) and southern (43 m, 33.4 and 1.9 μg l⁻¹, respectively). Net zooplankton biomass was high in warm months and low in cold ones, with annual averages of 20.2, 38.8 and 16.4 mg C m⁻³ in the northern, central and southern regions, respectively. Copepods were the most important constituent (>ca. 70% of net zooplankton biomass) in all regions. The northern region was characterized by the dominance of Oithona spp. in summer and Acartia spp. in winter-spring. In the central region, Microsetella norvegica was most pronounced in summer-fall. In both central and southern regions, Calanus sinicus and Eucalanus spp. dominated in winter-spring and fall, respectively. The annual average net zooplankton secondary production rate was 4.4, 7.5 and 3.9 mg C m⁻³d⁻¹ in the northern, central and southern region, respectively. Combining the results from the present study with those from other collaborative works on microzooplankton allowed us to determine the trophic interactions in Yatsushiro Bay. If the secondary producers depend entirely on phytoplankton for food, their daily carbon requirement is equivalent to 12.5, 21.6 and 19.1% of the phytoplankton biomass in the respective regions.  相似文献   

基于优化随机森林回归模型的土壤盐渍化反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨练兵  陈春波  郑宏伟  罗格平  尚白军  Olaf Hellwich 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(9):1662-1674

当前应用于土壤盐分含量（Soil Salinity Content, SSC）反演的随机森林回归（Random Forests Regression, RFR）较少关注对模型精度影响较大的反演参数子集和模型参数的同步优化。本研究选择渭-库绿洲和奇台绿洲为实验区,基于Landsat-5 TM、SRTM、MOD11A2.006遥感数据构建反演参数。首先,利用弹性网络（Elastic Net, EN）筛选出反演参数子集,然后利用遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm, GA）和贝叶斯优化算法（Bayesian Optimization Algorithm, BOA）分别优化随机森林回归（Random Forests Regression, RFR）参数,建立反演参数子集和模型参数分步优化的RFR模型（EN-GA-RFR、EN-BOA-RFR）。建立利用GA和BOA分别同步优化反演参数子集和模型参数的RFR模型（GA-RFR、BOA-RFR）。在每个实验区,对比EN-GA-RFR、EN-BOA-RFR、GA-RFR、BOA-RFR的预测精度。最后分析每个实验区各类盐渍土的空间分布,并对2个实验区的反演参数进行对比分析。结果表明：每个实验区模型预测精度由高到低的排序均为BOA-RFR>GA-RFR>EN-BOA-RFR=EN-GA-RFR,整体上BOA的优化性能均好于GA;渭-库绿洲和奇台绿洲面积占比最大的盐渍土类型分别为盐渍土和中度盐渍土;反演参数对SSC的表征能力存在空间分异性。  相似文献