Conditional Simulation of Random Fields with Bivariate Gamma Isofactorial Distributions   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Xavier Emery 《Mathematical Geology》2005,37(4):419-445

This work focuses on a random function model with gamma marginal and bivariate isofactorial distributions, which has been applied in mining geostatistics for estimating recoverable reserves by disjunctive kriging. The objective is to widen its use to conditional simulation and further its application to the modeling of continuous attributes in geosciences. First, the main properties of the bivariate gamma isofactorial distributions are analyzed, with emphasis in the destructuring of the extreme values, the presence of a proportional effect (higher variability in high-valued areas), and the asymmetry in the spatial correlation of the indicator variables with respect to the median threshold. Then, we provide examples of stationary random functions with such bivariate distributions, for which the shape parameter of the marginal distribution is half an integer. These are defined as the sum of squared independent Gaussian random fields. An iterative algorithm based on the Gibbs sampler is proposed to perform the simulation conditional to a set of existing data. Such ‘multivariate chi-square’ model generalizes the well-known multigaussian model and is more flexible, since it allows defining a shape parameter which controls the asymmetry of the marginal and bivariate distributions.  相似文献   

基于GPS速度场的云南地壳应力积累特征分析     

唐红涛  贾鹏  刘芳 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(2):125-128

利用2009~2015年的GPS水平运动速度场数据，解算云南地区的地壳应变场，在红河断裂与曲江断裂选取两个GPS剖面，计算并分析两个断裂的应变积累特征。结果显示：1）红河、曲江、小江等多个主要断裂应变场存在张、压交替的时空演化特征，近期曲江断裂南段表现为东西向拉张，红河断裂北段东西向拉张量值较大，约12.0×10-8/a，云南南部主要表现为NNE向的压性变化；2）从GPS剖面看，红河、曲江断裂在两个方向上均显示右旋走滑与拉张的变化特征，从量值上看，红河断裂北段运动速率较大,约8.90 mm/a。  相似文献   

The effect of gravity on the stability of a line-tied coronal magnetohydrostatic equilibrium     

J. P. Melville  A. W. Hood  E. R. Priest 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-2):83-103

Abstract

The magnetohydrodynamic stability of a class of magnetohydrostatic equilibria is investigated. The effect of gravity is included as well as the stabilising influence of the dense photospheric line-tying.

Although the two-dimensional equilibria exhibit a catastrophe point, when the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure exceeds a critical value, arcade structures, with both footpoints connected to the photosphere, become unstable to three-dimensional disturbances before the catastrophe point is reached.

Numerical results for field lines that are open into the solar corona suggest that they are completely stable. Although there is no definite proof of stability, this would allow the point of non-equilibrium to be reached.  相似文献   

基于地名首字母模糊查询的关键技术研究     

徐齐  陈杨 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(3):184-186

根据地名信息的特点,提出一种基于地名首字母的模糊查询方法。采用Access数据库,结合微软自带的字库实现了地名首字母的提取与入库,特别是解决了多音字在首字母提取及入库时的处理,并提供了一种文件批量输入的方法,实现了基于地名首字母的模糊查询。设计开发的地名查询系统,使用简单,效率也得到了极大的提高,可以获取对应的地理位置,为后继GIS系统开发提供方便。  相似文献   

Possible sources of forecast errors generated by the global/regional assimilation and prediction system for landfalling tropical cyclones. Part I: Initial uncertainties     

Feifan Zhou  Munehiko Yamaguchi  Xiaohao Qin 《大气科学进展》2016,33(7):841-851

This paper investigates the possible sources of errors associated with tropical cyclone (TC) tracks forecasted using the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES). The GRAPES forecasts were made for 16 landfalling TCs in the western North Pacific basin during the 2008 and 2009 seasons, with a forecast length of 72 hours, and using the default initial conditions (“initials”, hereafter), which are from the NCEP-FNL dataset, as well as ECMWF initials. The forecasts are compared with ECMWF forecasts. The results show that in most TCs, the GRAPES forecasts are improved when using the ECMWF initials compared with the default initials. Compared with the ECMWF initials, the default initials produce lower intensity TCs and a lower intensity subtropical high, but a higher intensity South Asia high and monsoon trough, as well as a higher temperature but lower specific humidity at the TC center. Replacement of the geopotential height and wind fields with the ECMWF initials in and around the TC center at the initial time was found to be the most efficient way to improve the forecasts. In addition, TCs that showed the greatest improvement in forecast accuracy usually had the largest initial uncertainties in TC intensity and were usually in the intensifying phase. The results demonstrate the importance of the initial intensity for TC track forecasts made using GRAPES, and indicate the model is better in describing the intensifying phase than the decaying phase of TCs. Finally, the limit of the improvement indicates that the model error associated with GRAPES forecasts may be the main cause of poor forecasts of landfalling TCs. Thus, further examinations of the model errors are required.  相似文献   

北京和广州地区云闪初始击穿电场变化特征     

王华  郑栋  张义军 《气象与环境科学》2016,39(3):22-31

对比分析了北京和广州地区各100例云闪初始阶段前30 ms快电场变化波形上初始击穿脉冲的特征。依据脉冲的结构特征,两地区的云闪初始击穿脉冲可分为单极性单峰型、单极性多峰型、双极性单峰型和双极性多峰型脉冲,两地区均以单极性和单峰型脉冲为主。对脉冲参量特征的统计发现,脉冲的10%-90%上升时间、半峰值宽度地区差异性小于脉冲类型差异性;双极性单峰型脉冲的半峰值宽是单极性单峰型的1.2倍。不同类型脉冲过零时间的中值、平均值在10μs左右量级,且广州地区较北京地区的大;云闪初始击穿脉冲宽度平均值显著小于相同地区正地闪的,而脉冲间隔显著大于正地闪的。初始击穿脉冲最为集中的出现在云闪最初的1~2 ms,其比例随时间以显著的负指数分布下降。研究发现,双极性脉冲的过零时间与脉冲宽度之间、起始半周期峰值幅度与过冲幅度之间均存在较好的线性关系。  相似文献   

钟姑地区典型矿床的重磁找矿模式     

汪启年  朱将波  郭信  周月  葛诚  时静  佟月 《安徽地质》2016,26(2):92-98

钟姑地区位于宁芜中生代火山岩盆地南段,已发现有白象山铁矿等多个大型铁矿,是长江中下游成矿带以玢岩型铁矿为主的矿集区。本文以钟姑地区实测岩石物性参数为桥梁,以实测重磁数据为基础,分析了该区白象山铁矿、钟九铁矿和云楼铁矿的重磁场分布特征,并根据典型矿区已知地质条件,运用成熟的2.5D重磁联合反演技术进行计算,从定量角度认识铁矿体深部发育形态、位置与重磁异常之间对应关系,建立钟姑地区白象山铁矿等典型矿床的重磁找矿模式,为该区进一步找矿突破提供地球物理场信息。  相似文献   

LA-ICP-MS测定锡石U-Pb同位素年龄时两种普通铅扣除方法的原理及适用性比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郝爽  李惠民  李国占  耿建珍  周红英  肖志斌  崔玉荣  涂家润 《地质通报》2016,35(4):622-632

根据近年来激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪锡石微区原位U-Pb同位素定年的实验结果,结合相关资料,对实验过程中普通铅扣除的2种主要方法,即谐和图法和等时线法的原理、效果、优点和局限性进行了深入的比较。研究成果表明,2种主要方法各有不同的优点及局限性。在实际工作中,要想获得比较准确的测试结果,需要根据具体矿物样品的年龄范围、总的U和Pb含量、普通铅相对含量、测年精度要求等因素,灵活地选择普通铅扣除的方法。  相似文献   

库车坳陷新生代构造应力场恢复     

郑淳方  侯贵廷  詹彦  于璇  赵文韬 《地质通报》2016,35(1):130-139

库车坳陷的构造变形及演化与南天山造山带的发育密切相关。库车坳陷新近纪以来的喜马拉雅晚期构造运动最为强烈,形成了天山山前大型冲断带,并造就了现今的构造格局。通过对库车坳陷北部构造样式的识别及各种应力场指示标志的测量、统计和构造解析,对野外获得的应力场指示标志划分了期次,认为喜马拉雅晚期应力场标志为近南北向挤压。结合库车坳陷区域构造要素,如地质体几何形态、边界条件、岩石力学参数等,运用弹性力学有限元数值模拟的方法获得了喜马拉雅晚期库车坳陷的区域应力场。模拟结果表明,库车坳陷喜马拉雅晚期最大主压应力方向为近南北向,与古应力场标志拟合较高,可以为库车坳陷裂缝预测和评价提供依据,对勘探开发有应用价值。  相似文献   

Late Cenozoic Sedimentary Evolution of Pagri‐Duoqing Co graben,Southern End of Yadong‐Gulu Rift,Southern Tibet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

HA Guanghao  WU Zhonghai  HE Lin  WANG Shubing 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(3):972-987

The north trending rifts in southern Tibet represent the E–W extension of the plateau and confirming the initial rifting age is key to the study of mechanics of these rifts. Pagri–Duoqing Co graben is located at southern end of Yadong–Gulu rift, where the late Cenozoic sediments is predominately composed of fluvio-lacustrine and moraine. Based on the sedimentary composition and structures, the fluvio-lacustrine could be divided into three facies, namely, lacustrine, lacustrine fan delta and alluvial fan. The presence of paleo-currents and conglomerate components and the provenance of the strata around the graben indicate that it was Tethys Himalaya and High Himalaya. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating and paleo-magnetic dating suggest that the age of the strata ranges from ca. 1.2 Ma to ca. 8 Ma. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating showed that moraine in the graben mainly developed from around 181–109 ka (late Middle Pleistocene). Combining previous data about the Late Cenozoic strata in other basins, it is suggested that 8–15 Ma may be the initial rifting time. Together with sediment distribution and drainage system, the sedimentary evolution of Pagri could be divided into four stages. The graben rifted at around 15–8 Ma due to the eastern graben-boundary fault resulting in the appearance of a paleolake. Following by a geologically quiet period about 8–2.5 Ma, the paleolake expanded from east to west at around 8–6 Ma reaching its maximum at ca. 6 Ma. Then, the graben was broken at about 2.5 Ma. At last, the development of the glacier separated the graben into two parts that were Pagri and Duoqing Co since the later stages of the Middle Pleistocene. The evolution process suggested that the former three stages were related to the tectonic movement, which determined the basement of the graben, while the last stage may have been influenced by glacial activity caused by climate change.  相似文献