Planetary dynamos: effects of electrically conducting flows overlying turbulent regions of magnetic field generation     

Gerald Schubert  Kit H. Chan  Keke Zhang 《Icarus》2004,172(2):305-315

A fully three-dimensional, nonlinear, time-dependent, multi-layered spherical kinematic dynamo model is used to study the effect on the observable external magnetic field of flow in an electrically conducting layer above a spherical turbulent dynamo region in which the α effect generates the magnetic field. It is shown that the amplitude and structure of an observable planetary magnetic field are largely determined by the magnitude and structure of the flow in the overlying layer. It is also shown that a strong-field planetary dynamo can be readily produced by the effect of an electrically conducting flow layer at the top of a convective core. The overlying layer and the underlying convective region constitute a magnetically strongly coupled system. Such overlying layers might exist at the top of the Earth's core due to chemical or thermal causes, in the cores of other terrestrial planets for similar reasons, and in Saturn due to the differentiation of helium from hydrogen. An electrically conducting and differentially rotating layer could exist above the metallic hydrogen region in Jupiter and affect the jovian magnetic field similar to the overlying layers in other planets. Lateral temperature gradients resulting in thermal winds drive the flow in the overlying layers. All planetary magnetic fields could be maintained by similar turbulent convective dynamos in the field-generation regions of planets with the differences among observable magnetic fields due to different circulations in the overlying electrically conducting layers.  相似文献   

Kinematic solar dynamo models with a deep meridional flow     

G. A. Guerrero  J. D. Muñoz 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,350(1):317-322

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集合变换卡尔曼滤波局地化对区域集合初始扰动的影响          下载免费PDF全文

马旭林  何佩仪  周勃旸  和杰 《大气科学学报》2021,44(2):314-323

集合变换卡尔曼滤波(ensemble transform Kalman filter, ETKF)是一种有效的集合预报初始扰动构造方案。但是,有限的集合样本、相同的集合成员设置以及预报模式误差等可能会使两个距离较远的状态变量产生虚假相关,从而影响ETKF集合扰动的质量。为了有效解决远距离虚假相关问题,将局地化思想引入ETKF方案。本文针对GRAPES区域集合预报系统(GRAPES REPS),对ETKF初值扰动局地化方案的效果进行了试验分析,为进一步改善和优化局地化方案(LETKF方案)提供依据。通过一周的连续试验,从暴雨个例、集合预报多种评分检验等方面分析了LETKF初始扰动方案所产生的集合预报质量。结果表明,区域集合预报中集合变换卡尔曼滤波初始扰动的局地化方案能够更加合理地捕捉到快速增长的分析误差的物理结构,更准确地再现数值模式预报误差的线性与非线性传播和演变特征。该局地化方案可以较好地改进预报质量,提高降水预报的准确率,尤其是针对小雨、中雨、暴雨量级的预报。相对于现有区域集合预报的业务系统GRAPES REPS,基于局地化ETKF初始扰动方案的区域集合预报具有较明显的优势。总体来看,LETKF初始扰动方案可更好地改善区域集合预报的质量。  相似文献   

基于单位四元数的无初值依赖空间后方交会   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

江刚武  姜挺  王勇  龚辉 《测绘学报》2007,36(2):169-175

为解决基于欧拉角的传统空间后方交会算法对初值强烈依赖的问题,提出一种利用四元数描述姿态的解算方法。本算法采用单位四元数描述旋转矩阵,然后对严格的共线条件方程进行线性化,并按照带有约束条件的间接平差进行迭代解算。试验表明本算法的可靠性和稳定性不依赖于像片位置和姿态的初值,并具有迭代次数少和解算时间短等优点。  相似文献   

致密油藏压裂双水平井参数优化研究     

胡景宏  陈琦  余国义  吕杨 《现代地质》2021,35(6):1880-1890

多段压裂水平井能有效地提高致密油藏单井产量,双水平井的使用则会增大增产效果,但其压后产量影响因素并不是很明确。基于渗流力学理论,分析压裂双水平井流体流动机理,建立了考虑启动压力影响的油藏—裂缝系统分段压裂双水平井数值模型,采用网格加密方法和控制变量法,计算分析了地质因素和工程因素对双水平井压后产量的影响,并使用正交试验方法把不同的裂缝参数和特征对水平井产量的影响进行了主次排序。结果表明:地质因素中的基质孔隙度和渗透率对压后单井产量影响最大;工程因素中的水平井筒长度和裂缝导流能力对水平井产量影响较大,并且相关因素的影响力排序为:水平井筒长度>裂缝导流能力>裂缝长度>水平井筒间距>裂缝条数。研究结果对致密油藏双水平井压裂理论及优化设计具有现实的实践指导意义。  相似文献   

隧道勘探AMT数据二维非线性共轭梯度反演的关键参数探讨     

赵广学  阮帅  吴肃元 《物探与化探》2021,(2):480-489

研究了二维非线性共轭梯度反演对于铁路隧道音频大地电磁(AMT)勘探的适应性。通过模型反演实验,确定控制反演进程的关键参数选取方法,以便于在不损失分辨率的前提下避免假异常。实验结果表明,在类似的地电条件下:①采用TE+TM模式联合反演;②使用浅部细分网格以更好地拟合地形;③不使用1000 Hz以上易受干扰的数据;④使用较小的正则化因子;⑤选用中、浅层电阻率的均匀空间作为初始模型;以上这些手段能提升反演结果的准确性,更适应铁路隧道勘探解释需要。  相似文献   

Chemical spots and oscillatory diffusion modes in magnetic stars     

V. Urpin 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2016,337(6):633-639

The stars of the middle main sequence often have spot‐like chemical structures at their surfaces. We consider diffusion caused by electric currents and argue that such current‐driven diffusion can form chemical inhomogeneities in a plasma. The considered mechanism can contribute to a formation of element spots in Hg‐Mn and Ap‐stars. Due to the Hall effect, diffusion in the presence of electric currents can be accompanied by the propagation of a particular type of magnetohydrodynamic modes in which only the impurity number density oscillates. Such modes exist if the magnetic pressure is much greater than the gas pressure and can be the reason for variations of the abundance peculiarities in stars. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

藏南邛多江地堑的晚新生代沉积地层及对南北向裂谷形成时代的初步限定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

哈广浩  吴中海  何林 《地质学报》2018,92(10):2051-2067

邛多江地堑构成了藏南近南北向裂谷带最东侧的错那-沃卡裂谷中段,是由地堑西缘高角度正断层主控的半地堑式断陷盆地。详细的地质、地貌调查表明,该地堑内主要充填有晚新生代以来的多套河湖相、冰碛及冰水沉积地层。河湖相地层底部以黏土和粉砂为主,上部以砾石层为主,向上砾石砾径逐渐变大,顶部为早更新世冲积砾石层;冰碛主要发育于地堑中部山前地带,构成宽缓的冰碛台地或者终碛垄、侧碛堤。地层的测年结果表明,该区主要发育两套晚新生代河湖相地层,早期沉积时代早于5Ma,晚期为晚第四纪;而冰碛及冰水沉积的时代主要为中更新世。综合该区地质地貌、沉积和构造等分析结果表明,早期的河湖相沉积与盆地发生初始裂陷后的主边界正断层发生强烈垂直活动有关,而晚期的河湖相沉积主要形成于盆地后期萎缩过程中,成因可能与中更新世以来的冰川堰塞湖有关。由于邛多江地堑受控于西侧主边界正断层,早期沉积应晚于其初始裂陷时代。因此,进一步综合现有年龄数据资料认为,藏南近南北裂谷的初始裂陷时代应早于5~10Ma,但晚于约15Ma。  相似文献   

Geochemistry of rare-earth elements in thermal waters of Uzon-Geyzernaya hydrothermal system (Kamchatka)     

G.A. Karpov  P.A. Schroeder  A.G. Nikolaeva 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(8):925-934

Precisional analyses of the abundances of La, Ce, and major elements in thermal waters and rocks of the Uzon-Geyzernaya volcanotectonic depression, supplemented by published data on a number of modern high-temperature hydrothermal systems of Kamchatka and two other areas of the world, allowed defining genetically important patterns of rare-earth elements (REE) distribution. The La and Ce abundances positively correlate with silica contents both in fresh igneous rocks of the study areas and in the products formed by hydrothermal processes.All studied hydrothermal clays are enriched in La and Ce. The general enrichment trend is similar to the pattern of positive correlation between the La and Ce abundances. Geothermal waters display a strong relationship between REE enrichment and pH. Enhanced REE enrichment trend is observed in thermal waters with abundant SO₄^2 ? and K. The REE versus Cl and B diagrams show two individual fields reflecting the level of acidity-alkalinity of thermal waters. These data demonstrate that La and Ce concentrations in the products of modern hydrothermal systems (in fluids and secondary mineral phases) are governed by wallrock composition, anionic water composition, and pH/Eh-dependent adsorption processes.  相似文献   

Rock-soil slope stability analysis by two-phase random media and finite elements     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(6):1649-1655

To investigate the strong random nature of the geometric interfaces between soil and rock, a rock-soil slope is considered as a two-phase random medium. A nonlinear translation of a Gaussian field is utilized to simulate the two-phase random media, such that the soil(or rock) volume fraction and the inclination of the soil layer can be examined. The finite element method with random media incorporated as the material properties is used to determine the factor of safety of the rock-soil slope. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to estimate the statistical characteristics of the factor of safety. The failure mode of the rock-soil slope is examined by observing the maximum principal plastic strain at incipient slope failure. It is found that the critical surface of a rock-soil slope is fairly irregular, and it significantly differs from that of a pure soil slope. The factor of safety is sensitive to the soil volume faction, but it is predictable. The average factor of safety could be well predicted by the weighted harmonic average between the strength of soil and rock; the prediction model is practical and simple. Parametric studies on the inclination of the soil layer demonstrate that the most instable scenario occurs when the slope angle is consistent with the inclination of the soil layer.  相似文献