Treatment of high fluoride concentration wastewater by layered double hydroxides： Mechanism studies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Liang LU Jing HE 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):160-161

An appropriate concentration of fluoride in drinking water is required to prevent dental cavities, but long-term ingestion of water that contains more than a suitable level of fluoride can cause bone disease and mottling of the teeth. Fluoride ions can be found in wastewater from the fluoride chemical industry, as well as the semiconductor, metal processing, fertilizer, and glass-manufacturing industries. The discharge standard for fluoride in industrial wastewater in China is 10 mg/L. Efficient treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater is therefore of major concern in China, following the rapid development of the fluoride chemical industry. Several methods have been used to remove fluoride from water, such as adsorption, chemical precipitation, electrodialysis, ion exchange and electrochemical processes. Layered double hydroxides （LDHs） are anionic clays with high anion exchange capacities which are effective adsorbents for removal of a variety of anionic pollutants. LDHs have been studied as potential adsorbents for removing toxic anionic species such as CrO4^2-, TcO4^-, SeO3^2-, pesticides, and anionic surfactants from aqueous systems. One of the main attractions of using LDHs for fluoride removal, is that unlike other chemical treatment methods, no chemical sludge should be produced. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the mechanism of fluoride removal by LDHs under different conditions using batch methods. In addition, the release of fluoride adsorbed on LDHs by treatment with an aqueous solution of Na2CO3 was studied. The residual fluoride was found to be 10 mg/L in a solution with an initial concentration of 1000 mg/L, which meets the discharge standard for fluoride in industrial wastewater in China.  相似文献   

Porphyroblast rotation during crenulation cleavage development: an example from the aureole of the Mooselookmeguntic pluton, Maine, USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. E. JOHNSON  M. E. DUPEE  C. V. GUIDOTTI 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2006,24(1):55-73

In the low‐pressure, high‐temperature metamorphic rocks of western Maine, USA, staurolite porphyroblasts grew at c. 400 Ma, very late during the regional orogenesis. These porphyroblasts, which preserve straight inclusion trails with small thin‐section‐scale variation in pitch, were subsequently involved in the strain and metamorphic aureole of the c. 370 Ma Mooselookmeguntic pluton. The aureole shows a progressive fabric intensity gradient from effectively zero emplacement‐related deformation at the outer edge of the aureole ～2900 m (map distance) from the pluton margin to the development of a pervasive emplacement‐related foliation adjacent to the pluton. The development of this pervasive foliation spanned all stages of crenulation cleavage development, which are preserved at different distances from the pluton. The spread of inclusion‐trail pitches in the staurolite porphyroblasts, as measured in two‐dimensional (2‐D) thin sections, increases nonlinearly from ～16° to 75° with increasing strain in the aureole. These data provide clear evidence for rotation of the staurolite porphyroblasts relative to one another and to the developing crenulation cleavage. The data spread is qualitatively modelled for both pure and simple shear, and both solutions match the data reasonably well. The spread of inclusion‐trail orientations (40–75°) in the moderately to highly strained rocks is similar to the spread reported in several previous studies. We consider it likely that the sample‐scale spread in these previous studies is also the result of porphyroblast rotation relative to one another. However, the average inclusion‐trail orientation for a single sample may, in at least some instances, reflect the original orientation of the overgrown foliation.  相似文献   

Seismic activity associated with the subducting motion of the Philippine Sea plate beneath the Kanto district, Japan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Sadaki Hori 《Tectonophysics》2006,417(1-2):85

The Pacific plate and the Philippine Sea plate overlap and subduct underneath the Kanto region, central Japan, causing complex seismic activities in the upper mantle. In this research, we used a map selection tool with a graphic display to create a data set for earthquakes caused by the subducting motion of the Philippine Sea plate that are easily determined. As a result, we determined that there are at least four earthquake groups present in the upper mantle above the Pacific plate. Major seismic activity (Group 1) has been observed throughout the Kanto region and is considered to originate in the uppermost part of mantle in the subducted Philippine Sea plate, judging from the formation of the focal region and comparison with the 3D structure of seismic velocity. The focal mechanism of these earthquakes is characterized by the down-dip compression. A second earthquake layer characterized by down-dip extension (Group 2), below the earthquakes in this group, is also noted. The focal region for those earthquakes is considered to be located at the lower part of the slab mantle, and the Pacific plate located directly below is considered to influence the activity. Earthquakes located at the shallowest part (Group 3) form a few clusters distributed directly above the Group 1 focal region. Judging from the characteristics of later phases in these earthquakes and comparing against the 3D structure of seismic velocity, the focal regions for the earthquakes are considered to be located near the upper surface of the slab. Another earthquake group (Group 4) originates further below Group 2; it is difficult to consider these earthquakes within a single slab. The seismic activities representing the upper area of the Philippine Sea plate are Group 3. This paper proposes a slab geometry model that is substantially different from conventional models by strictly differentiating the groups.  相似文献   

山区生态县区域协调发展的机制构建--以粤北始兴县为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

税伟  陈烈  唐常春 《山地学报》2006,24(1):70-78

区域协调机制在不同类型地域和一种类型地域的不同的发展阶段是不同的。始兴县作为一个典型的山区生态县,工业进入加速发展时期,在此经济发展阶段的区域协调问题主要表现在:与外部区域经济、社会发展差距拉大,工业化与流域生态环境保护的矛盾已开始凸现,县政府协调区域发展的财政能力较低,区域协调机制不健全等。由此对始兴县的区域协调机制进行建构:建立健全多层次的区域协调机构;加大纵向和横向政府财政转移支付的力度;加强与相邻相关地区的协调;实施区域空间管治协调,保护城乡生态环境;科学合理选择产业,大力发展循环经济;全县推行绿色GDP考核等。  相似文献   

Determination of the seismic moment tensor for local events in the South Shetland Islands and Bransfield Strait     

M. Guidarelli  G. F. Panza 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(2):684-692

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Probabilistic local waveform inversion for moment tensor and hypocentral location   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Zoltán Wéber 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,165(2):607-621

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皂土在葡萄酒生产中性能之探讨     

杨占峰 《化工矿产地质》2006,28(1):57-60,64

皂土是用于葡萄酒行业的一种膨润土,其主要成分蒙脱石具有的晶格置换性能、负电性、离子交换性、水体系特性(膨胀性、悬浮性)等,使其成为葡萄酒澄清剂优质原料。通过在涿州皂土应用实践中对其性能的进一步认识,认为它仍有进一步扩展的应用及市场空间。  相似文献   

重庆市开-利公路学堂湾滑坡成因与稳定性分析     

吴汉辉  杨转运 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(2):33-36

滑坡是现代公路、铁路等交通基建工程面临的一个难题。尤其是在重丘、山地等地段修筑公路工程极易出现滑坡地质灾害。这些滑坡的成因以及相关的边坡稳定性分析目前处于半理论、半经验状态。文章基于学堂湾滑坡的地理位置及地质环境条件,从滑坡区地质环境条件、滑坡周界、滑坡体与滑带的物质结构特征、滑床、滑坡变形破坏迹象等,深入分析了学堂湾滑坡的变形特征。在此基础上探讨了滑坡成因,指出大量的雨水和不合理的施工扰动是滑坡发育的外因;坡体本身的地质条件如岩石的裂隙、岩土体的透水性以及水的疏导条件等是其内因。文章将宏观定性分析与定量计算相结合,对滑坡稳定性进行了分析和评价。结合工程实际对滑坡治理措施进行了初步研究,取得了一些满意的效果。  相似文献   

采矿引起的边坡倾倒滑移变形机理与变形安全性分析研究—以抚顺西露天矿边坡为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

申力  纪玉石  刘大勇  祖国林  刘晶辉 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(3):63-68

在矿山开发、水电建设过程中倾倒变形问题日渐突出。倾倒变形边坡一般具有反倾边坡结构,变形的过程和机理比较复杂、涉及的变形岩体范围较大、危害严重。论文以抚顺西露天矿边坡为例,通过岩体位移监测资料的跟踪分析、底面摩擦模拟试验,以岩体力学、松散介质力学原理为理论基础,探讨了采矿影响下边坡倾倒滑移体的变形机理,分析认为采矿引起的倾倒滑移变形问题是在特定的地质构造和采矿工程条件下产生的,并提出了岩体变形安全性分析方法。通过工程实例,验证了方法的实用性,并针对实际问题提出了变形整治对策。  相似文献   

青藏高原中部的东西向扩张构造运动   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐纪人赵志新  石川有三 《岩石矿物学杂志》2005,24(5):447-452

系统分析了1933~2003年间青藏高原及其周缘发生的745个中、强地震的震源机制解,研究了高原地壳构造运动及其动力学特征。结果表明,大量正断层型地震集中发生在青藏高原中部海拔4000m以上的地区,其中许多地震是纯正断层型地震。震源机制结果显示,该区正断层型地震的断层走向多为南北方向,断层位错矢量的水平分量均位于近东西方向,这表明青藏高原高海拔地区存在着近东西方向的扩张构造运动。地震震源应力场的研究结果表明,在高原中部高海拔地区,E-W向或WNW-ESE向的水平扩张作用控制着该区的地壳应力场。青藏高原高海拔地区近东西方向的扩张构造运动是该区引张应力场的作用结果,其动力学原因可能与持续隆升的高原自重增大引起的重力崩塌及其周边区域构造应力状况有关。而青藏高原周缘地区,除了东部边缘外,南部的喜马拉雅山前沿以及青藏高原的北部、西部边缘所发生的绝大部分地震都是逆断层型或走滑逆断层型地震。在青藏高原周缘地区,北东或者北北东方向水平挤压的构造应力场为优势应力场。在中国西部的大范围内,主压应力P轴水平分量位于NE-SW方向,形成了一个广域的NE-SW方向的挤压应力场。青藏高原及其周缘应力场特征表明,印度板块的北上运动以及它与欧亚板块之间的碰撞所形成的挤压应力场是高原强烈隆起的直接原因。在青藏高原中南部形成了近东西向引张应力场为主的区域,并以东西向扩张构造运动部分释放其应力积累。研究高原高海拔地区的引张应力场和近东西向扩张构造运动的特征,对于认识青藏高原强烈隆起的地球动力学过程与机制,有着重要的理论意义。  相似文献