使用卫星资料进行边界层四维变分同化研究综述   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

陈建萍  周伟灿  官元红  尹洁 《气象与减灾研究》2007,30(1):53-59

数值天气预报是当前天气预报的重要手段之一,而同化工作一直是数值预报研究的重点。在查阅了近年来国内外相关文献的基础上,对使用卫星举行资料边界层四维变分同化的研究进展进行了论述,并对最优插值法和变分法2种主要的研究方法进行了简单介绍。研究结果认为,变分方法对于初始场的改善具有明显的效果,与纯粹的统计插值方法相比,变分法具有十分明显的优势;理论上变分法能够同化所有类型大气探测资料,对非常规探测的包容能力极强,不仅能最大限度地获得观测中的信息量,而且避免了各种反演不适定问题。  相似文献   

条件非线性最优扰动方法在适应性观测研究中的初步应用   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12  

穆穆  王洪利  周菲凡 《大气科学》2007,31(6):1102-1112

针对适应性观测中敏感性区域的确定问题，考虑初始误差对预报结果的影响, 比较了条件非线性最优扰动(CNOP)与第一线性奇异向量(FSV)在两个降水个例中的空间结构的差异，考察了它们总能量范数随时间发展演变的异同。结合敏感性试验的分析，揭示了预报结果对CNOP类型的初始误差的敏感性要大于对FSV类型的初始误差的敏感性，因而减少初值中CNOP类型误差的振幅比减少FSV类型的收益要大。这一结果表明可以把CNOP方法应用于适应性观测来识别大气的敏感区。关于将CNOP方法有效地应用于适应性观测所面临的挑战及需要采取的对策等也进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Harmonic maps     

E.W. Grafarend 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,78(10):594-615

Harmonic maps are generated as a certain class of optimal map projections. For instance, if the distortion energy over a meridian strip of the International Reference Ellipsoid is minimized, we are led to the Laplace–Beltrami vector-valued partial differential equation. Harmonic functions x(L,B), y(L,B) given as functions of ellipsoidal surface parameters of Gauss ellipsoidal longitude L and Gauss ellipsoidal latitude B, as well as x(,q), y(,q) given as functions of relative isometric longitude =L–L₀ and relative isometric latitude q=Q–Q₀ gauged to a vector-valued boundary condition of special symmetry are constructed. The easting and northing {x(b,),y(b,)} of the new harmonic map is then given. Distortion energy analysis of the new harmonic map is presented, as well as case studies for (1) B[–40°,+40°], L[–31°,+49°], B₀= ±30°, L₀=9° and (2) B[46°,56°], L{[4.5°, 7.5°]; [7.5°, 10.5°]; [10.5°,13.5°]; [13.5°,16.5°]}, B₀= 51°, L₀ {6°,9°,12°,15°}.  相似文献   

最优气候值方法在中国的应用   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

郭勇苍  黄嘉佑  黄茂怡 《应用气象学报》2000,11(Z1):87-92

该文用最优气候值方法研究了 1 951～ 1 998年中国 1 60个站点季、月的气温和降水 .结果表明 ,在中国最优气候值方法对气温具有相当的可用性 ,尤其是对冬季气温有很好的预报效果 ;对于降水 ,只对个别时间段的个别地区有一定的可用性 .对季的预报好于对月的预报 .无论是预报值与观测值的相关系数还是最优气候值的平均年份数在每一固定时期内都呈现出有规则的连续性空间分布 ,但是空间分布随时间变化而变化  相似文献   

福建泉州山美水库翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)生长特性、资源评估与合理利用     

黄永春  黎中宝  水兴勇  蔡永宗  郭剑锋  钱秋芹 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(4):864-872

随机从福建泉州山美水库2002年4月—2003年5月的翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)渔获物中获取340尾样本,以鳞片为年龄鉴定材料,获得年龄生长资料,建立生长方程和Beverton-Holt模型对山美水库翘嘴红鲌资源进行评估,为制定合理的捕捞年龄和捕捞规格提供科学依据。结果表明,山美水库翘嘴红鲌体重范围是0.035—4.12kg,体长范围是15.6—73.5cm,其中体长20.1—60.0cm的样本占93.57%,且为2+—3+龄。本文给出了该鱼类体长与体重的关系式、体长与鳞径的关系式以及相关的von Bertalanffy方程。山美水库翘嘴红鲌生长拐点为10.4龄,山美水库现有资源量为10.164t,合理开捕年龄为6龄。  相似文献   

Assessment of NIR-red algorithms for observation of chlorophyll-a in highly turbid inland waters in China     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

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Design and implementation of time efficient trajectories for autonomous underwater vehicles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Chyba  T. Haberkorn  R.N. Smith  S.K. Choi 《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(1):63-76

This paper discusses control strategies adapted for practical implementation and efficient motion of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). For AUVs we would like efficiency in both the measured time and the energy consumption, the mission dictating the weight to put on each of these cost. As a first approach to this problem, we focus in this paper on time minimization. Based on the structure of the time optimal trajectories and of the pure motions, we develop an algorithm to design time efficient trajectories corresponding to piecewise constant thrust arcs with few actuator switchings. We do that by solving a new optimization problem where the unknowns are the time period between two actuator switchings as well as the values of the constant thrust arcs. We apply a direct method to compute the solutions numerically. With our algorithm, we gain considerable computational time. Moreover, with as few as three actuator switchings, the duration of our trajectories is within 10% of the optimal trajectories. Since our control strategies have a simple structure they can be implemented on a test-bed vehicle. For the experiments displayed in this paper we use a spherical underwater vehicle which exhibits with almost no preference of direction or orientation for movement; this gives us a very controllable and versatile vehicle.  相似文献   

Origin of the LLSVPs at the base of the mantle is a consequence of plate tectonics——A petrological and geochemical perspective     

Yaoling Niu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(5):1265-1278

In studying the petrogenesis of intra-plate ocean island basalts(OIB) associated with hotspots or mantle plumes, we hypothesized that the two large-low-shear-wave-velocity provinces(LLSVPs) at the base of the mantle beneath the Pacific(Jason) and Africa(Tuzo) are piles of subducted ocean crust(SOC)accumulated over Earth's history. This hypothesis was formulated using petrology, geochemistry and mineral physics in the context of plate tectonics and mantle circulation. Because the current debate on the origin of the LLSVPs is limited to the geophysical community and modelling discipline and because it is apparent that such debate cannot be resolved without considering relevant petrological and geochemical information, it is my motivation here to objectively discuss such information in a readily accessible manner with new perspectives in light of most recent discoveries. The hypothesis has the following elements:(1) subduction of the ocean crust of basaltic composition to the lower mantle is irreversible because(2) SOC is denser than the ambience of peridotitic composition under lower mantle conditions in both solid state and liquid form;(3) this understanding differs from the widespread view that OIB come from ancient SOC that returns from the lower mantle by mantle plumes, but is fully consistent with the understanding that OIB is not derived from SOC because SOC is chemically and isotopically too depleted to meet the requirement for any known OIB suite on Earth;(4) SOC is thus the best candidate for the LLSVPs, which are, in turn, the permanent graveyard of SOC;(5) the LLSVPs act as thermal insulators, making core-heating induced mantle diapirs or plumes initiated at their edges, which explains why the large igneous provinces(LIPs) are associated with the edges of the LLSVPs;(6) the antipodal positioning of Jason and Tuzo represents the optimal momentum of inertia, which explains why the LLSVPs are stable in the spinning Earth.  相似文献   

基于CGE模型的电力低碳转型速度调控策略研究——以粤港澳大湾区为例     

许鸿伟  汪鹏  任松彦  林泽伟  赵黛青 《气候变化研究进展》2022,18(1):81-96

为探讨粤港澳大湾区实现碳中和及电力低碳转型过程的供应安全,构建粤港澳大湾区动态CGE模型,设计51种情景模拟各类型发电量的年均变化幅度,以全社会福利最大化为评价指标,研究煤电退役到保底容量、煤电完全退役和气电达峰容量的最优时间节点和发展速度。结果表明：2020年煤电发电量以年均降低66亿kW∙h幅度退役到2032年保底容量,再以年均降低40亿kW∙h幅度在2045年实现完全退役;气电发电量从2020年起以年均增长61亿kW∙h的幅度在2038年达到峰值,然后以年均51亿kW∙h幅度退役到2050年保底容量1323亿kW∙h;进一步依据2020—2050年本地总发电量增速不变得到非化石电力增长速度,此种煤电、气电和非化石电力发展速度组合的经济性最优。相比基准情景,优选出的电力转型组合情景可累积促进化石能源消费量降低1.1亿tce,碳排放降低2.8亿t CO₂,电力部门增加值增长238亿元,其他部门增加值增长172亿元。  相似文献   

The optimal Mercator projection and the optimal polycylindric projection of conformal type – case-study Indonesia     

E. W. Grafarend  R. Syffus 《Journal of Geodesy》1998,72(5):251-258

As a conformal mapping of the sphere S ² _R or of the ellipsoid of revolution E ² _A , _B the Mercator projection maps the equator equidistantly while the transverse Mercator projection maps the transverse metaequator, the meridian of reference, with equidistance. Accordingly, the Mercator projection is very well suited to geographic regions which extend east-west along the equator; in contrast, the transverse Mercator projection is appropriate for those regions which have a south-north extension. Like the optimal transverse Mercator projection known as the Universal Transverse Mercator Projection (UTM), which maps the meridian of reference Λ₀ with an optimal dilatation factor &ρcirc;=0.999 578 with respect to the World Geodetic Reference System WGS 84 and a strip [Λ₀−Λ _W ,Λ₀ + Λ _E ]×[Φ _S ,Φ _N ]= [−3.5^∘,+3.5^∘]×[−80^∘,+84^∘], we construct an optimal dilatation factor ρ for the optimal Mercator projection, summarized as the Universal Mercator Projection (UM), and an optimal dilatation factor ρ₀ for the optimal polycylindric projection for various strip widths which maps parallel circles Φ₀ equidistantly except for a dilatation factor ρ₀, summarized as the Universal Polycylindric Projection (UPC). It turns out that the optimal dilatation factors are independent of the longitudinal extension of the strip and depend only on the latitude Φ₀ of the parallel circle of reference and the southern and northern extension, namely the latitudes Φ _S and Φ _N , of the strip. For instance, for a strip [Φ _S ,Φ _N ]= [−1.5^∘,+1.5^∘] along the equator Φ₀=0, the optimal Mercator projection with respect to WGS 84 is characterized by an optimal dilatation factor &ρcirc;=0.999 887 (strip width 3^∘). For other strip widths and different choices of the parallel circle of reference Φ₀, precise optimal dilatation factors are given. Finally the UPC for the geographic region of Indonesia is presented as an example. Received: 17 December 1997 / Accepted: 15 August 1997  相似文献