A data mining approach for evaluation of optimal time-series of MODIS data for land cover mapping at a regional level     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2013

Optical Earth Observation data with moderate spatial resolutions, typically MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), are of particular value to environmental applications due to their high temporal and spectral resolutions. Time-series of MODIS data capture dynamic phenomena of vegetation and its environment, and are considered as one of the most effective data sources for land cover mapping at a regional and national level. However, the time-series, multiple bands and their derivations such as NDVI constitute a large volume of data that poses a significant challenge for automated mapping of land cover while optimally utilizing the information it contains. In this study, time-series of 10-day cloud-free MODIS composites and its derivatives – NDVI and vegetation phenology information, are fully assessed to determine the optimal data sets for deriving land cover. Three groups of variable combinations of MODIS spectral information and its derived metrics are thoroughly explored to identify the optimal combinations for land cover identification using a data mining tool.The results, based on the assessment using time-series of MODIS data, show that in general using a longer time period of the time-series data and more spectral bands could lead to more accurate land cover identification than that of a shorter period of the time-series and fewer bands. However, we reveal that, with some optimal variable combinations of few bands and a shorter period of time-series data, the highest possible accuracy of land cover classification can be achieved.  相似文献   

An optimization approach for sustainable development planning of savanna systems     

《Journal of Arid Environments》2013

A savanna system is a natural ecosystem in which the competition between grass and woody vegetation in a semi-arid rangeland should be maintained for its sustainable development. Finding an optimal management plan for obtaining maximum economic profit from raising cattle without loss of sustainability of the savanna system during a planning period is a great challenge for rangeland managers. In this study, we formulate the sustainable development planning of the savanna system as an optimal control model, in which maximization of the stocking rate of cattle during the planning period is chosen as the objective while sustainable development requirements are achieved through the constraints represented by the desired final state of the system. Using Pontryagin's maximum principle, the model is transformed into a two-point boundary-value problem with nonlinear differential equations that is then solved using an iterative approach. An example with a specified desired final state in a savanna system without fire is used to demonstrate the performance of the model and the algorithm. Numerical experiments show that the planning strategy obtained from the optimal control model achieves maximum economic profit from raising cattle during the planning period and simultaneously improves the resilience of the system and maintains sustainable development of the rangeland. The outcomes demonstrate that resilience, sustainable development and economic profit are consistent concepts in optimal management strategy for rangeland management.  相似文献   

Utilizing discriminant function analysis with a geographical information system to model ecological succession spatially     

KIM LOWELL 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):175-191

Abstract

A raster/quadtree geographical information system (GIS) was established For a 932 ha natural area in central Missouri. The GIS contained map layers depicting vegetative cover from 1939 to 1982, soils, topographic aspect and distance from a forest seed source. Discriminant function analysis was used to quantify and describe ecological succession on the area during this period. The calibration of discriminant functions is discussed, as are the statistical and spatial validations of the model. It was concluded that this approach provides a useful technique to examine long-term temporal phenomena in a spatial context.  相似文献   

Size matters: Short term loss and long term gain in a size-selective fishery     

Massimiliano Cardinale  Joakim Hjelm 《Marine Policy》2012,36(4):903-906

The maximum sustainable yield concept (MSY) and the ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) have been recently adopted by the European Commission with the objective to achieve, over the long term, the highest possible sustainable yield from a given exploited stock. In this context, a fishing mortality MSY reference level (i.e., F_MSY) should be defined, taking into account recruitment, growth and natural mortality under current or recent ecosystem conditions. Thus, F_MSY is used as a generic term for a robust estimate of a fishing mortality level that is associated with high sustainable yield in the long term, assuming the current harvesting regime in terms of size selectivity. In this study, using the Eastern Baltic cod as an example, we challenge this rather simplified view showing that by using a different harvest selectivity and thus changing the size range of harvested cod, it is possible to largely increase the yield and revenue from the fishery compared to the fishing mortality stipulated in the management plan (i.e., F_MSY), while assuring sustainable high yield in the long term. Thus, implementing the MSY concept in terms of fishing mortality but neglecting selective harvesting effects will not achieve high long term sustainable yield for Eastern Baltic cod. The combination of size selective harvesting and economic reasoning may offer an important tool for the management of marine resources by potentially providing a common currency for the different stakeholders and offer guidance to achieve long term sustainability and human well-being. This would represent the natural step forward in the implementation of EAFM and MSY concepts.  相似文献   

Phytopigments and fatty acids in the gut of the deposit-feeding heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum in the southern North Sea: Selective feeding and its contribution to the benthic carbon budget     

Arjen R. Boon  Gerard C.A. Duineveld 《Journal of Sea Research》2012,67(1):77-84

As part of a broader study on benthic-pelagic coupling in the southern North Sea, specimens of the common heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum were sampled for analyses on phytopigments and fatty acids in their guts. Results were interpreted in the context of feeding and ecological functioning of the heart urchins in the benthic system. Ingestion selection factors for both component groups were relatively high, 5 to 9 for chlorophyll a and 9 to 130 for total fatty acids. The data point to at least partially different sources of the pigments and of the fatty acids. Next to algal detritus, small infauna relatively rich in fatty acids might be preferentially co-ingested with the detritus. Due to digestive breakdown and absorption, the concentrations of pigments and fatty acids were importantly decreased, indicating a rather high digestion efficiency for this subsurface deposit feeder, up to 80%. The results indicate that E. cordatum increases its energy acquisition by strong selectivity and a high digestive efficiency. Optimal foraging is likely to apply on deposit-feeding invertebrates in relatively food-rich coastal environments as much as it does in the food-poor deep-sea environment. Using chlorophyll a as a proxy for carbon, the contribution of the urchin population to the momentary benthic carbon budget was calculated at 7% to 42%.  相似文献   

An adaptive hybrid EnKF-OI scheme for efficient state-parameter estimation of reactive contaminant transport models     

《Advances in water resources》2014

Reactive contaminant transport models are used by hydrologists to simulate and study the migration and fate of industrial waste in subsurface aquifers. Accurate transport modeling of such waste requires clear understanding of the system’s parameters, such as sorption and biodegradation. In this study, we present an efficient sequential data assimilation scheme that computes accurate estimates of aquifer contamination and spatially variable sorption coefficients. This assimilation scheme is based on a hybrid formulation of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and optimal interpolation (OI) in which solute concentration measurements are assimilated via a recursive dual estimation of sorption coefficients and contaminant state variables. This hybrid EnKF-OI scheme is used to mitigate background covariance limitations due to ensemble under-sampling and neglected model errors. Numerical experiments are conducted with a two-dimensional synthetic aquifer in which cobalt-60, a radioactive contaminant, is leached in a saturated heterogeneous clayey sandstone zone. Assimilation experiments are investigated under different settings and sources of model and observational errors. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid EnKF-OI scheme successfully recovers both the contaminant and the sorption rate and reduces their uncertainties. Sensitivity analyses also suggest that the adaptive hybrid scheme remains effective with small ensembles, allowing to reduce the ensemble size by up to 80% with respect to the standard EnKF scheme.  相似文献   

控制论与人工影响天气 I: 人工增雨作业中的正反问题及最优调控     

雷恒池  魏蕾  曾庆存 《气候与环境研究》2012,17(6):968-978

利用自然控制论的观点,重新审视了人工影响天气诸多方面的问题,提出了人工调控有限区域天气的正问题和反问题,并对最优调控问题,根据观测实例进行了分析讨论.结果表明,自然控制论是指导开展人工影响天气的一个好的理论框架,不仅要加强观测以了解自然降水过程,发展数值模式以更好的模拟实际降水过程,更需要开展反问题的研究;对最优调控的讨论表明,不能仅仅局限于有无催化可能,更应全面考虑降水云系的结构.  相似文献   

Optimal Interpolation of Gravity Maps Using a Modified Neural Network     

O. Sarzeaud  M.-F. LeQuentrec-Lalancette  D. Rouxel 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(4):379-395

This paper proposes an interpolation method based on a modified Kohonen artificial neural network, and is used to interpolate marine gravity data on a regular grid. This method combines accuracy comparable to that of kriging with a much shorter computing time than kriging. It is particularly efficient when both the size of the grid and the quantity of available data are large. Under some hypotheses similar to those of kriging with a trend, the unbiasedness and optimality of the method can be demonstrated. Comparison with kriging with a trend using marine gravity data shows similar results. Although neural interpolation is slightly less efficient, it is more robust outside of the marine data area.  相似文献   

变形监测网非线性二类动态优化设计中观测权的解算方法     

胡召玲 《测绘工程》1999,8(2):22-28

根据变形监测网非线性二类动态优化设计的数学模型,本文从一个简单的网形入手,导出测边网非线性二类动态优化设计数学模型的具体形式,并提出了采用非线性优化设计技术的方法－投影梯度算法解算这种模型,从而将这种解算方法推广到求解任意网形的监测网非线性二类动态优化设计中的观测权。  相似文献   

The Crustal Velocity Structure of Western Inner Mongolia     

Zhao Yanhong  Jia Xiye 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):89-99

The terrain of Inner Mongolia is long and narrow, and the geological structure is complicated. The South China crustal velocity model and Inner Mongolias optimal crustal velocity model 2015 cannot fully meet the earthquake location requirements of Inner Mongolia. Based on the seismological observations produced by Inner Mongolia Seismic Digital Network from 2009 to 2016,the initial model was obtained by using the linear fit of the seismic phases and the converted travel time curve. The Hyposat results of 225 earthquakes that occurred in western Inner Mongolia were scanned using this model,and the velocity model for western Inner Mongolia was determined as follows: V1= 6. 06 km/s;VPb= 6. 61 km/s; Vn= 8. 12 km/s; H1= 30 m; and the Moho depth H = 44 km. Comparison of the test results of the new model and the reference model shows that the residual error of the new model and the mean deviation of the epicenter location have obviously decreased.  相似文献