磁尾中交换不稳定性所产生偶极化锋面的动力学特性研究          下载免费PDF全文

吕浩宇  李芸  葛亚松 《地球物理学报》2018,61(2):403-410

本文利用考虑了Hall效应和有限Larmor半径（FLR）效应的磁流体数值模拟研究了在离子惯性长度/离子Larmor半径尺度内偶极化锋面的动力学特性.偶极化锋面由磁尾近地区域中由于热压尾向梯度和磁场曲率力不平衡所引起的交换不稳定性自洽产生.数值研究表明,偶极化锋面是切向间断,在相对该锋面结构静止的参考系中等离子体穿过偶极化锋面的法向速度为零.Hall效应主要影响与偶极化锋面的切平面相正交的电场,使得锋面切向电流增大,同时产生锋面结构不对称.研究表明离子在Larmor半径尺度产生的FLR效应可导致锋面结构的大尺度漂移运动.由FLR效应产生的离子磁化流速在偶极化锋面的日下点处指向昏向,锋面后区域的速度晨向分量增长,从而导致整个锋面结构向晨向漂移.  相似文献   

Controls on the mechanisms of fluid infiltration and front advection during regional metamorphism: a stable isotope and textural study of retrograde Dalradian rocks of the SW Scottish Highlands     

J. B. FEIN  C. M. GRAHAM  M. B. HOLNESS  A. E. FALLICK  A. D. L. SKELTON 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1994,12(3):249-260

Vein-controlled retrograde infiltration of H₂O-CO₂ fluids into Dalradian epidote amphibolite facies rocks of the SW Scottish Highlands under greenschist facies conditions resulted in alteration of calcite-rich marble bands to dolomite and spatially associated ¹⁸O enrichment of about 10%. on a scale of metres. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the retrograde fluid was an H₂O-salt mixture with a low CO₂ content, and that the temperature of the fluid was about 400d? C. Detailed petrographic and textural (backscattered electron imaging) studies at one garnet-grade locality show that advection of fluid into marbles proceeded by a calcite-calcite grain edge flow mechanism, while alteration of non-carbonate wall-rock is associated with veinlets and microcracks. Stable isotopic analysis of carbonates from marble bands provides evidence for advection of isotopic fronts through carbonate wall-rocks perpendicular to dolomite veins, and fluid fluxes in the range 2.4–28.6 m³/m² have been computed from measured advection distances. Coincidence of isotope and reaction fronts is considered to result from reaction-enhanced kinetics of isotope exchange at the reaction front. Front advection distances are related to the proportion of calcite to quartz in each marble band, with the largest advection distance occurring in nearly pure calcite matrix. This relationship indicates that fluid flow in carbonates is only possible along fluid-calcite-calcite grain edges. However, experimental constraints on dihedral angles in calcite-fluid systems require that pervasive infiltration occurred in response to calcite dissolution initiated at calcite-calcite grain junctions rather than to an open calcite pore geometry. The regional extent of the retrograde infiltration event has been documented from the high δ¹⁸O of dolomite-ankerite carbonates from veins and host-rocks over an area of least 50 × 50 km in the SW Scottish Highlands. Isotopically exotic ¹⁸O-rich retrograde fluids have moved rapidly upwards through the crust, inducing isotopic exchange and mineral reaction in wall-rocks only where lithology, pore geometry or mineral solubilities, pressure and temperature have been appropriate for pervasive infiltration to occur.  相似文献   

Interaction of a nonstationary ionization-shock front with an inhomogeneous interstellar medium     

K. V. Krasnobaev 《Astronomy Letters》2001,27(9):568-573

We consider the interaction of an ionization-shock front with isothermal waves in an H I region. Based on a two-front model in the linear approximation, we have detected a significant (approximately by an order of magnitude) periodic amplification of perturbations as they penetrate from the interstellar medium into an H II region. Numerical simulations have revealed that even when the shock-and ionization-front velocities differ and the relative density perturbations in the interstellar medium are ～10^?1, the variations in gas parameters near the ionization front are comparable to those observed at the boundaries of H II regions.  相似文献   

A Gibbs sampling disaggregation model for orographic precipitation     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2013

Hydrological applications in complex topographic areas need high spatial resolution precipitation data. Some daily high-resolution products are now available for recent past data, even in complex terrain. While the spatial resolution of Regional Climate Models (RCMs) and operational meteorological models are becoming increasingly fine, there still exists a mismatch between the spatial resolutions of observed or estimated recent past data and simulated or forecasted precipitation.Statistical disaggregation models can generate precipitation on a high-resolution grid using as input a mesoscale precipitation grid (e.g., RCM or meteorological grid). In this paper, a Gibbs sampling disaggregation model previously developed for flat areas is adapted to account for topography. Only one variable, the topographic anomaly, is added to the original model. The model is applied on a 300 km × 300 km area in the northwestern United States, covering the Olympic Mountains and the Cascade Range. Daily high-resolution precipitation data for the 2002–2005 period are used to estimate the model parameters. Using 750 days taken from the 2006–2008 period, 36, 52-km grid boxes are disaggregated on 4.3-, 8.7-, 13-, 17.3- and 26-km grids; each day being simulated nine times. Thank to the Gibbs sampling algorithm, the original model, which does not account for topography, is able to capture the mesoscale topographic structure of the daily precipitation, while the adapted model accounting for topography is better suited to recreate the local impact of topography on interannual means, interday standard deviation, and maximum values. The model outputs could be used by hydrological modelers who need high-resolution precipitation data in complex topographic area application.  相似文献   

Reply to Comment on ‘Marine GIS: Identification of mesoscale oceanic thermal fronts’     

V. Valavanis  I. Katara  A. Palialexis 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):375-378

Geographic information service (GIService) has become popular in the last decade to develop applications for addressing global challenges. Performance is one of the most important criteria to help users select distributed online GIService for developing geospatial applications including natural hazards and emergency responses. However, performance accuracy is limited by the single-location-based evaluation mechanism while service performance is dynamic in space and time between end-users and services. We propose a spatiotemporal performance evaluation mechanism to improve the accuracy. Specially, a cloud and volunteer computing mechanism is proposed to collect performance information of globally distributed GIServices. A global spatiotemporal performance model is designed to integrate spatiotemporal dynamics for better performance evaluation for users from different regions at different times. This model is tested to support GIService selection in global spatial data infrastructures (SDIs). The experiment confirms that the proposed model provides more accurate evaluations for global users and better supports geospatial resource utilizations in SDIs than previous mechanisms. The methodology can be adopted to improve the services of other regional and global distributed operational systems.  相似文献   

中国海洋产业的结构与布局研究展望   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

马仁锋  李加林  赵建吉  庄佩君 《地理研究》2013,32(5):902-914

海洋产业结构与布局是海洋经济地理学研究的核心领域与主体内容,国内相关文献日益丰富,但海洋产业结构与布局研究尚未形成完整体系。梳理现有文献发现:国内研究存在起步晚、发展缓慢,高层次研究成果少且增长慢,以区域实证研究为主、理论创新研究较少等问题,现有研究集中在6方面:①海洋产业结构与布局的内涵、规律及其与陆域布局差异探索;②沿海省份或大城市海洋产业结构的现状与问题、结构优化与主导产业选择、产业结构绩效评价、竞争力与趋势研究;③区域海洋产业布局模式及优化政策支撑体系研究;④海洋资源与环境的产业承载力评价及海洋功能区划研究;⑤海洋产业集群,尤其是港航集群的初步探索;⑥国外海洋产业发展态势、统计标准与区域海洋产业合作探索。本文初步总结了国内对海洋产业结构与布局研究文献的增长规律,并立足于海洋产业结构与布局研究趋势,指出未来应加强海洋产业结构与布局的前沿领域及理论体系探索,并为我国海洋经济示范区建设提供科学指导。  相似文献   

Bathyal polychaete assemblages in the region of the Subtropical Front,Chatham Rise,New Zealand     

P. K. Probert  C. J. Glasby  S. L. Grove  B. L. Paavo 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):1121-1135

Abstract

Polychaetes were collected from eight sites across the Chatham Rise (New Zealand) in the region of the Subtropical Front from water depths of c. 2300 m to 350 m. A total of 169 putative species representing 36 families was identified. Spionidae, Paraonidae, Cirratulidae, Syllidae, and Orbiniidae accounted for 50% of all polychaete individuals. Multivariate analysis revealed that three sites at c. 350–453 m water depth on muddy sand (6–7% clay) shared similar faunal and environmental characteristics. Numerical dominants included Lumbrineris sp., P seudeurythoe minuta, Dipolydora cf. socialis, Aglaophamus verrilli, Prionospio lehlersi, Syllinae sp., Monticellina sp., and Cossura sp. Replicates from a single site at c. 750 m depth on the southern flank of the Rise produced a distinct assemblage dominated by Paradoneis, Naineris, Notomastus, Harmothoinae, Prionospio lehlersi, Levinsenia, Aricidea, Kebuita, Paraonella, and ?Leiochrus species. Replicates from greater depths north and south of the Rise presented a greater range of assemblage characteristics and environmental parameters including temperature, dissolved oxygen, median grain size, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), and total organic matter content. Twenty‐eight taxa were found exclusively below 750 m depths including species of Ampharetinae, Chloeia, Pseudeurythoe, Capitellidae, and Cirratulidae. There was a significant difference in faunal composition between northern and southern flanks of the Rise within depth classes and also between sites at the same depth classes. Faunal density and species diversity appeared highest from the crest to 750 m depth on the southern side. Low species diversity at the deepest sites may be confounded by reduced density.  相似文献   

Foraminiferal evidence for a pre‐middle eocene age of the chatham rise,New Zealand     

James P. Kennett  Richard E. Casey 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):20-28

Several sediment samples collected from the crest and slope of the Chatham Rise, and from the Chatham Islands, to the east of New Zealand, contain Globigerina linaperta‐Globorotalia increbescens foraminiferal faunas of upper Middle and middle Upper Eocene age. The foraminiferal faunas from the Chatham Islands, which include Rectuvigerina, Latibolivina, Dyocibicides, Discorbinella, Patellina, and Wadella, indicate shallow‐water palaeodepths, probably equivalent to the outer shelf (50–150 m). A faunal assemblage from near the crest of the rise is likewise indicative of shallow water, although distinct differences in the benthonic foraminiferal ifauna suggest slightly deeper‐water biofacies than the Eocene of the Chatham Islands. In contrast, a fauna of similar age from 1,100 m on the southern slope of the Chatham Rise contains a much deeper‐water benthonic foraminiferal assemblage including Osangularia, Vulvulina, Stilostomella, hispidocostate Uvigerina, and smooth‐shelled Bulimina, indicative of lower middle bathyal depths (1,500–2,500 m).

The nature and distribution of the assemblages, together with previous work by Norris (1964) and Cullen (1965), indicates that the Chatham Rise has been a significant structure since at least the Middle Eocene, with some uplift occurring since then.  相似文献   

Mesoscale Variability in the Summer Arctic Boundary Layer     

Michael Tjernström  Thorsten Mauritsen 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,130(3):383-406

Observations from the summer Arctic Ocean Experiment 2001 (AOE-2001) are analysed with a focus on the interactions between mesoscale and boundary-layer dynamics. Wavelet analyses of surface-pressure variations show daylong periods with different characteristics, some featuring episodes of pronounced high-frequency surface-pressure variability, here hypothesized to be caused by trapped gravity waves. These episodes are accompanied by enhanced boundary-layer turbulence and an enhanced spectral gap, but with only minor influence on the surface stress. During these episodes, mesoscale phenomena were often encountered and usually identified as front-like features in the boundary layer, with a peak in drizzle followed by changing temperature. These phenomena resemble synoptic fronts, though they are generally shallow, shorter-lasting, have no signs of frontal clouds, and do not imply a change in air mass. Based on this analysis, we hypothesize that the root cause of the episodes with high-frequency surface-pressure variance are shallow, mesoscale fronts moving across the pack ice. They may be formed due to local-to-regional horizontal contrasts, for example, between air with different lifetimes over the Arctic or with perturbations in the cloud field causing differential cooling of the boundary layer. Thermal contrasts sharpen as the air is transported with the mean flow. The propagating mesoscale fronts excite gravity waves, which affect the boundary-layer turbulence and also seem to favour entrainment of free tropospheric air into the boundary layer.  相似文献   

Barrier layer in the South China Sea during summer 2000   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lili Zeng  Yan Du  Shang-Ping Xie  Dongxiao Wang 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2009,47(1-3):38-54

Using temperature–salinity profiles obtained from a cruise in summer 2000, the structure and formation of the barrier layer (BL) in the South China Sea (SCS) are investigated. Fresh water flux, ocean circulation, and wind stirring are important for BL formation, depending on regions. In the eastern SCS, Philippine mountains induce heavy rainfall, resulting in a fresh water cap at the surface and the formation of a thick wide spread BL. In the northwestern basin on the lee of the Annam Cordillera range, by contrast, a rain shadow reduces fresh water flux, which along with wind-induced upwelling, prevents the BL forming. Southeast of Vietnam, a thick BL forms as the Mekong River plume is advected by the northeastward western boundary current and its offshore extension. In the southeastern basin, the surface water is mixed deeply under the strong southwesterly monsoon, unfavorable for the BL formation despite heavy rainfall. In the Luzon Strait, the east/southeastward surface Ekman drift carries fresh SCS surface water, riding on the intruding Kuroshio meander that carries well-mixed, warm and saline water. The vertical overlapping of these two water masses gives rise to a thick BL.  相似文献