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我国5月降水的气候特点和长期变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从月尺度降水长期预报业务的需要出发,根据中央气象台长期科160站月降水资料,分析了中国5月份降水的基本气候特点和长期变化,进一步明确了5月份降水预报业务的工作重点,揭示出某些对5月份降水预报业务有价值的气候现象,其中5月份南北方降水长期变化的阶段性及其反位相振荡现象(SN现象)对5月份降水长期预报业务具有重要实践意义。 相似文献
175.
台风影响期间珠江三角洲局地强风暴和大暴雨发生的环境条件 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用1976-1983年6-8月珠江三角洲地区受台风影响期间区内各站逐日的强风暴和降水资料以及广泛站的探空资料,用相关对比度分析方法,对台风环流中的珠江三角洲局地强风暴和大暴雨发生的环境条件进行统计诊断,得出台风影响珠江三角洲时这两种强天气发生的有利的环境条件,并发现二者在气压、风速、层结稳定度和中下层位势不稳定等方面显著不同。 相似文献
176.
Temporal and spatial rainfall patterns were analysed to describe the distribution of daily rainfall across a medium‐sized (379km2) tropical catchment. Investigations were carried out to assess whether a climatological variogram model was appropriate for mapping rainfall taking into consideration the changing rainfall characteristics through the wet season. Exploratory, frequency and moving average analyses of 30 years' daily precipitation data were used to describe the reliability and structure of the rainfall regime. Four phases in the wet season were distinguished, with the peak period (mid‐August to mid‐September) representing the wettest period. A low‐cost rain gauge network of 36 plastic gauges with overflow reservoirs was installed and monitored to obtain spatially distributed rainfall data. Geostatistical techniques were used to develop global and wet season phase climatological variograms. The unscaled climatological variograms were cross‐validated and compared using a range of rainfall events. Ordinary Kriging was used as the interpolation method. The global climatological variogram performed better, and was used to optimize the number and location of rain gauges in the network. The research showed that although distinct wet season phases could be established based on the temporal analysis of daily rainfall characteristics, the interpolation of daily rainfall across a medium‐sized catchment based on spatial analysis was better served by using the global rather than the wet season phase climatological variogram model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
177.
The work has made a statistic study of the variations of extremely severe cold winter months in
the south of China and general circulation and external forcing factors in preceding periods. The result shows
that from the current month to the preceding March the subtropical high in the west Pacific is persistently weak
or located more to the east and south. When the summer monsoon is weak in East Asia in the year before, the
winter monsoon will be strong in the current year in which the extremely severe cold month occurs. The Asian
polar vortex expands in the preceding July, August and September and the current winter. The Tibetan Plateau
has fewer days of snow cover in the November and December before the cold month occurs. There is less snow
in the Tibetan Plateau in the preceding winter / spring of each extremely severe cold month. There are more
polar ice in the polar Region for the 11 months before the current February, especially the previous March
through August, and in Region in January ~ November before the current cold month of December but less
ice in Region in March ~ August. 相似文献
178.
Locally triggered seismicity in the central Swiss Alps following the large rainfall event of August 2005 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In 2005 August, an unusual series of 47 earthquakes occurred over a 12-hr period in central Switzerland. The earthquakes occurred at the end of 3-d period of intensive rainfall, with over 300 mm of precipitation. The highest seismicity occurred as two distinct clusters in the region of Muotatal and Riemenstalden, Switzerland, a well-known Karst area that received a particularly large amount of rainfall. The large increase in seismicity, compared to the background, and the short time delay between the onset of the intense rainfall and the seismicity strongly suggest that earthquakes were triggered by rainfall. In our preferred model, an increase in fluid pressure at the surface due to a large amount of rain leads to a local increase in pore fluid pressure at depth. The increase in pore fluid pressure will reduce the shear strength of a porous medium by counteracting normal stress and, at the end, provoke failure. The series of triggered earthquakes in central Switzerland occurred in regions that have been seismically active in the past, showing similar hypocentre locations and magnitudes. This suggests that these earthquakes occurred on existing faults that were critically stressed. We modelled the intense rainfall as a step increase in fluid pressure at the surface that migrates to greater depths following the solution of the one-dimensional diffusion equation in a homogeneous half space. This allowed us to estimate the hydraulic diffusivity by plotting triggered seismicity in a time–depth plot. We found values of hydraulic diffusivity in the range from 0.01 to 0.5 m2 s−1 for our study area. These values are in good agreement with previous studies on earthquakes that were triggered by fluids, supporting the idea that the observed earthquake series was triggered by the large amount of rainfall. 相似文献
179.
大气降水作为地下水的主要补给源之一,它是自然界水循环过程中的一个重要环节.查明大气降水中同位素分布特征及其影响因素,不仅有助于定性或定量地研究地下水的起源和形成等问题,更有助于揭示"三水"转化关系.根据全球大气降水同位素观测网 1985~1993 年大气降水氢氧同位素资料并结合所采集样品的分析结果对陕西关中盆地大气降水环境同位素特征、变化规律及其影响因素进行了探讨,建立了西安地区雨水线,为地下水的起源及运移研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
180.