对虾育苗期聚缩虫及其附着基研究     

何筱洁  徐权  何志章 《广东海洋大学学报》1990,(2)

以生物生态学方法,采用生物和非生物等10种附着基经人为投入虾苗池,预防斑节对虾(penaeus monodon)和长毛对虾病害,结果细基江蓠繁枝变种聚缩虫附着率较高,能相应减少幼虾体上的聚缩虫。试验表明,人为投入附着基,能使水质有害因子大为减少。显示出生物生态防治虾病良好的开端。  相似文献   

Postglacial vegetation, fire, and climate history of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon, USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Christy E. Briles  Cathy Whitlock 《Quaternary Research》2005,64(1):44-56

The forests of the Siskiyou Mountains are among the most diverse in North America, yet the long-term relationship among climate, diversity, and natural disturbance is not well known. Pollen, plant macrofossils, and high-resolution charcoal data from Bolan Lake, Oregon, were analyzed to reconstruct a 17,000-yr-long environmental history of high-elevation forests in the region. In the late-glacial period, the presence of a subalpine parkland of Artemisia, Poaceae, Pinus, and Tsuga with infrequent fires suggests cool dry conditions. After 14,500 cal yr B.P., a closed forest of Abies, Pseudotsuga, Tsuga, and Alnus rubra with more frequent fires developed which indicates more mesic conditions than before. An open woodland of Pinus, Quercus, and Cupressaceae, with higher fire activity than before, characterized the early Holocene and implies warmer and drier conditions than at present. In the late Holocene, Abies and Picea were more prevalent in the forest, suggesting a return to cool wet conditions, although fire-episode frequency remained relatively high. The modern forest of Abies and Pseudotsuga and the present-day fire regime developed ca. 2100 cal yr B.P. and indicates that conditions had become slightly drier than before. Sub-millennial-scale fluctuations in vegetation and fire activity suggest climatic variations during the Younger Dryas interval and within the early Holocene period. The timing of vegetation changes in the Bolan Lake record is similar to that of other sites in the Pacific Northwest and Klamath region, and indicates that local vegetation communities were responding to regional-scale climate changes. The record implies that climate-driven millennial- to centennial-scale vegetation and fire change should be considered when explaining the high floristic diversity observed at present in the Siskiyou Mountains.  相似文献   

Impacts of climate and river flooding on the hydro-ecology of a floodplain basin, Peace-Athabasca Delta, Canada since A.D. 1700     

Brent B. Wolfe  Tammy L. Karst-Riddoch  Matthew D. Falcone  Thomas W.D. Edwards 《Quaternary Research》2005,64(2):147-162

Multi-proxy paleolimnological analyses on lake sediment cores from “Spruce Island Lake” (58° 50.82′ N, 111° 28.84′ W), a perched basin in the northern Peace sector of the Peace-Athabasca Delta (PAD), Canada, give insights into the relative roles of flow regulation of the Peace River and climatic variability on the basin hydro-ecology. Results indicate substantial variability in basin hydro-ecology over the past 300 years ranging from seasonal to periodic desiccation in the 1700s to markedly wetter conditions during the early 1800s to early 1900s. The reconstruction is consistent with (1) dry climatic conditions that defined the peak of the Little Ice Age and subsequent amelioration evident in conventional ring-width and isotopic analyses of tree-ring records located hydrologically and climatically upstream of the PAD, and (2) Peace River flood history inferred from sub-annual magnetic susceptibility measurements from another lake sediment record in the Peace sector of the PAD. Although regulation of the Peace River for hydroelectric power generation since 1968 has long been considered a major stressor of the PAD ecosystem leading to reduced frequency of ice-jam and open-water flooding and an extended period of drying, our results show that current hydro-ecological status is not unprecedented as both wetter and drier conditions have persisted for decades in the recent past under natural climatic variability. Furthermore, paleolimnological evidence from Spruce Island Lake indicates that recently observed dryness is part of a longer trend which began some 20-40 years prior to Peace River regulation.  相似文献   

Concentrations and distribution of elements in milled-coal, power plant ashes and stack-emitted materials in a Western Canadian coal-fired power plant     

Fariborz Goodarzi Hamed Sanei Julito Reyes 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):47-47

The focus of this study is to determine the concentrations and the distributions of elements of prime environmental concern （As, Cd, Cr, Cu Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and V） and other elements of environmental interest （B, Ba, Be, Co, Mn, U） in milled coals, power plant ashes, and stack-emitted materials from a Western Canadian power plant using bituminous coal. The concentrations of elements were determined using neutron activation analysis （NAA）, Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy （ICPES）, and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass spectroscopy （ICP-MS） for most elements, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption （GFAA） for Pb, and Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption （CVAA） for Hg. The result of the study shows that the total rate of input is 423.5 kg/d for elements of prime environmental concern and 280 kg/d for elements of environmental interest. The concentrations of most elements in milled coal are low as compared to world coals and other Canadian milled coals. The total output of these two groups of elements is 2.9 kg/d and 110.4 kg/d, respectively. This indicates that only a small amount of the total input elements from the milled coal is emitted. Most of it is captured by the bottom and ESP ashes with the exception of the highly volatile As Hg, F, Br, and Cl. The element with highest rate of emission for elements of prime environmental concern is Se （0.73 kg/d） and B （95 kg/d） for the elements of some environmental interest.  相似文献   

Palaeolimnology of Lake Zeribar, Iran, and its climatic implications     

Krystyna Wasylikowa  Andrzej Witkowski  Adam Walanus  Andrzej Hutorowicz  Stefan W. Alexandrowicz  Jerzy J. Langer 《Quaternary Research》2006,66(3):477-493

Lake Zeribar sediments covering the time period of the last 25,000 years were examined for the contents of seeds, fruits, Characeae, diatoms, and molluscs. Reconstructions of the variations in the lake water level, salinity, and trophy suggest a sequence of climatic changes. Three pronounced stages of low and varying lake-water level occurred ca. 17,700–15,400, 12,600–12,000, and 10,000–6000 cal yr BP. Some water-level changes were correlated with variations in salinity. The most pronounced increase of salinity occurred 17,700–15,700 and 12,600–12,000 cal yr BP, and less distinct ones occurred about 6400–5900 and 2500 cal yr BP. Diatom assemblages indicated a strong increase of lake trophy ca. 20,200 cal yr BP. Between 6000 and 5000 cal yr BP diatoms characteristic of eutrophy increased in core 63J, and at about 3200 cal yr BP a distinct increase in mesotrophic forms occurred in core 70B. The changes in the occurrence of various organisms indicate increased temperatures about 21,000 cal yr BP, between 15,400 and 12,600, about 12,000, and about 11,700 cal yr BP. The reduced occurrence or disappearance of some of them suggest temperature decreases about 17,700–15,400 and 12,600–12,000 cal yr BP.  相似文献   

Carbon and hydrogen isotope variation of plant biomarkers in a plant-soil system   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yoshito Chikaraishi  Hiroshi Naraoka 《Chemical Geology》2006,231(3):190-202

Stable carbon (δ¹³C) and hydrogen (δD) isotopic compositions of n-alkanes, anteiso-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids, n-alkanols, phytol and sterols in raw leaves of Acer argutum and Acer carpinifolium, their fallen leaves, mold and soils from a natural Acer forest were measured in order to: (1) understand isotopic variation of the plant biomarkers in a plant-soil system and (2) evaluate which biomarker is the most effective recorder of soil vegetation. Long-chain (> C₂₄) n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanols are gradually enriched in ¹³C up to 12.9‰ (average of 4.3‰) and depleted in D up to 94‰ (average of 55‰) from raw leaves to soils. However, anteiso-alkanes, phytol and sterols show little variation in both δ¹³C (< ± 1‰) and δD (< ± 2‰) from raw leaves to soils. These isotope signatures in a plant-soil system indicate that isoprenoid plant biomarkers such as sterols in soils faithfully preserve the isotopic compositions of dominant higher plants growing on the soils without a diagenetic effect upon the isotopic compositions. In contrast, long-chain n-alkyl molecules in soils undergo specific isotopic modification during biodegradation associated with early diagenesis and/or a significant contribution from heterotrophic reworking.  相似文献   

Earliest Cucurbita from the Great Lakes, Northern USA     

G. William Monaghan  William A. Lovis 《Quaternary Research》2006,65(2):216-222

Directly dated Cucurbita from archaeological sites near Lake Huron expand the range and human usage of adventive, cultivated wild gourds or squash into the Great Lakes region, USA, by 4000 ¹⁴C yr BP. The data also show that domesticated C. pepo squash was cultivated there by 3000 ¹⁴C yr BP. Although milder Hypsithermal climate may have been a contributing factor, squash and gourds expanded northward during the mid-Holocene mainly by human agency and may be the first human-introduced adventive plant in temperate North America. Even after 3000 ¹⁴C yr BP, when domesticated squash generally replaced wild varieties at northern sites, squash stands were probably informally managed rather than intensively cultivated.  相似文献   

Spatial Representation of Aquatic Vegetation by Macrofossils and Pollen in a Small and Shallow Lake     

Yan Zhao  Carl D. Sayer  Hilary H. Birks  Michael Hughes  Sylvia M. Peglar 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(2):335-350

We have explored the contemporary spatial relationship between aquatic vegetation and surficial macrofossil and pollen remains in a small, shallow, English lake. A detailed point-based (n = 87) underwater vegetation survey was undertaken in the middle of the plant-growing season in July 2000. Then following plant die-back in November 2000, surface sediment samples (upper 1.5 cm) were collected from 30 of these plant survey points and analysed for plant macro-remains (all 30 samples), and pollen (4 evenly spaced samples). All data were stored as separate layers in a geographical information system and spatial relationships between the aquatic vegetation and plant remains were explored. In contrast to pollen types, plant macrofossils were not evenly dispersed across all parts of the lake and, with the exception of Chara oospores, higher concentrations of remains (particularly for Potamogeton) were found close to areas of source-plant dominance. The spatial pattern of macrophyte–macrofossil relationships revealed that vegetative remains (particularly leaf fragments) were probably deposited at source, whereas seeds were recovered close to the shore suggesting slightly wider dispersal. Overall, however, macro-remains best represented local ‘patch-scale’ vegetation within 20–30 m of the core site. The macro-remains effectively recorded the dominant plants in the lake with 63% of samples containing a combination of remains of Chara, Elodea, and Potamogeton. However, relationships between macrophytes and fossils were complex. Some species were significantly over-represented by macrofossils (e.g., Chara spp., Nitella flexilis agg., and Zannichellia palustris), while others were either under-represented (e.g., Potamogeton spp.), or not represented at all (e.g., Lemna trisulca). Pollen represented macrophyte diversity poorly, but some taxa were found (e.g., Myriophyllum spicatum, Ceratophyllum demersum) that were not recorded by macro-remains. We conclude that macrofossil analysis may be very usefully employed to determine the dominant taxa in past aquatic plant communities of shallow, productive lakes and that the addition of pollen analysis provides further information on former species richness.  相似文献   

高级别景区对旅游发展的影响及其空间效应研究     

龚勤林  邹冬寒  周沂  朱晟君 《地理科学进展》2022,41(8):1364-1377

打造高品质旅游集聚地并构建多站点景区游览环线是推进全域旅游发展的重要突破口。论文基于2006—2018年288个城市评选的最高级别景区——“5A”景区的数据,将“5A”景区划分为自然类、人文类、综合类3类,借助ArcGIS、Stata等工具探索了“5A”景区的空间分布特征,并利用动态空间面板模型定量探讨了高级别景区对城市旅游发展的影响及其空间效应。研究发现,首先,中国“5A”景区存在“东中集聚、区域失衡、禀赋不一”的空间分布特征,综合类景区数量严重不足。其次,高级别景区能显著推动本城市的旅游发展,并存在显著的空间合作与空间竞争效应。其中,同省邻近城市的高级别景区对城市旅游发展的影响表现为空间竞争效应,且主要表现为对同类型景区间的竞争,竞争范围为0~400 km;跨省邻近城市的高级别景区对城市旅游发展的影响表现为空间合作效应,且主要表现为不同类型景区间的合作与互补,最优合作范围为200~400 km。最后,对比各省域内部景区空间分布发现,同一省域内城市多以自然类或人文类“5A”景区中的某一类景区为主,即同一省域内部可能存在针对同类景区的同质化竞争问题。研究结论将为旅游资源的空间配置和空间优化提供经验证据。  相似文献   

“Blue competition” in China: Current situation and challenges     

《Marine Policy》2014

The current study analyzes the competitiveness of marine economies in provinces/districts along the eastern coast of China. The current work reviewed the development of marine economy in China over the past decade, and analyzed strategies of each regional economy regarding natural resource endowment and policy priorities in five major coastal provinces of China. Through comparative study of local marine policies and industrial priorities, it is found that the Chinese marine economy is largely oriented towards heavy industry. Local governments focus on land reclamation and often neglect environment protection, which resulted in similar dysfunctional structures of regional industrial policies in these provinces. Based on these findings several policy suggestions are proposed.  相似文献