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341.
平流层爆发性增温中平流层环流及化学成分变化过程研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)气象分析场、欧洲空间局ENVISAT/MIPAS卫星观测资料以及平/对流层大气化学输送模式MOZART 3综合分析了2003—2004年冬季北半球爆发性增温事件对于平流层大气环流、物质输送以及对流层顶附近臭氧通量等多方面的影响。结果表明:①本次增温过程持续时间长、强度大,平流层极涡从高层向下逐层分裂,增温效应作用到大气较低层,当纬向东风形成并维持后极涡又自上向下逐层恢复;②SSW过程前后行星波活动频繁,有长时间多次的上传,且以1波作用为主,2波对其进行补充;③在θ PVLAT坐标中分析发现SSW扰动过程中平流层中存在一对向极、向下的传播模态,相应的对流层中有一向赤道的传播模态,不同符号的纬向风、温度异常信号沿这两个模态传播,且上、下层传播模态在时间上存在着一定的联系;④增温过程中行星波活动引起的向极输送以及极区垂直运动的变化,共同影响了平流层的物质输送过程,从而导致北半球平流层N2O、O3、CH4、H2O等微量气体成分的垂直、水平分布发生显著变化;⑤增温过程中活跃的行星波可以造成平流层Brewer Dobson环流增强,同时导致高纬度地区(60~90°N)穿越对流层顶的臭氧通量(Cross Tropopause Ozone Flux, CTOF)显著增强,与行星波相联系的等熵物质运动引起“middleworld”区域内向赤道的臭氧通量也有所增强。 相似文献
342.
甘肃省对流层顶高度的季节变化特征分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
根据甘肃省8个探空站25年(1980—2004年)的对流层顶观测资料,分析了第一对流层顶和第二对流层顶高度的季节变化特征,结果表明:(1)全省各站全年各月均可观测到复合对流层顶,两类对流层顶存在着明显的季节差异,冬(夏)季以第一(二)对流层顶为主。(2)第一对流层顶的平均高度在春、秋(冬、夏)季相对较高(低),年变化曲线呈双峰型;第二对流层顶的平均高度在春、夏(秋、冬)季相对较高(低),年变化表现出单峰型。(3)两类对流层顶高度均存在明显的年际变化,除秋季外,各个季节第一(二)对流层顶普遍存在5~6 a(准3 a)的周期振荡。(4)近25年来甘肃省两类对流层顶主要以上升趋势为主,特别是在夏季两类对流层顶高度均存在明显的上升趋势。 相似文献
343.
344.
In recent years, a substantial reduction of the sea ice in the Arctic has been observed. At the same time, the near-surface
air in this region is warming at a rate almost twice as large as the global average—this phenomenon is known as the Arctic
amplification. The role of the ice-albedo feedback for the Arctic amplification is still a matter of debate. Here the effect
of the surface-albedo feedback (SAF) was studied using a coupled climate model CCSM3 from the National Center for Atmospheric
Research. Experiments, where the SAF was suppressed by locking the surface albedo in the entire coupled model system, were
conducted. The results reveal polar temperature amplification when this model, with suppressed albedo, is forced by a doubling
of the atmospheric CO2 content. Comparisons with variable albedo experiments show that SAF amplifies the surface-temperature response in the Arctic
area by about 33%, whereas the corresponding value for the global-mean surface temperature is about 15%. Even though SAF is
an important process underlying excessive warming at high latitudes, the Arctic amplification is only 15% larger in the variable
than in the locked-albedo experiments. It is found that an increase of water vapour and total cloud cover lead to a greenhouse
effect, which is larger in the Arctic than at lower latitudes. This is expected to explain a part of the Arctic surface–air-temperature
amplification. 相似文献
345.
Climate changes induced by human activities have attracted a great amount of attention. With this, a coupling system of an atmospheric chemistry model and a climate model is greatly needed in China for better understanding the interaction between atmospheric chemical components and the climate. As the first step to realize this coupling goal, the three-dimensional global atmospheric chemistry transport model MOZART-2 (the global Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2) coupled with CAM2 (the Community Atmosphere Model, version 2) is set up and the model results are compared against observations obtained in East Asia in order to evaluate the model performance. Comparison of simulated ozone mixing ratios with ground level observations at Minamitorishima and Ryori and with ozonesonde data at Naha and Tateno in Japan shows that the observed ozone concentrations can be reproduced reasonably well at Minamitorishima but they tend to be slightly overestimated in winter and autumn while underestimated a little in summer at Ryori. The model also captures the general features of surface CO seasonal variations quite well, while it underestimates CO levels at both Minamitorishima and Ryori. The underestimation is primarily associated with the emission inventory adopted in this study. Compared with the ozonesonde data, the simulated vertical gradient and magnitude of ozone can be reasonably well simulated with a little overestimation in winter, especially in the upper troposphere. The model also generally captures the seasonal, latitudinal and altitudinal variations in ozone concentration. Analysis indicates that the underestimation of tropopause height in February contributes to the overestimation of winter ozone in the upper and middle troposphere at Tateno. 相似文献
346.
347.
A simple quasi-empirical model is presented to calculate the deformation rate and age scale corresponding to ice core depth, where grain size and shape are determined only by grain growth and grain deformation processes. Given the size and elongation of grains as a function of ice core depth and the accumulation rate at the ice-sheet surface, it is possible to determine the ice core age scale. The model results are in good agreement with measured values of the rate of grain deformation and the age scale for the GIPS2 ice core at depths above 700 m. 相似文献
348.
We present the results of scintillation studies based on the data obtained during the first winter-phase Indian Arctic Expedition in March 2008 at the Indian Himadri Station, Ny-Ålesund (78.9°N, 11.9°E), in the vicinity of the daytime cusp and under the nightside polar cap. A global-positioning-system ionospheric scintillation and TEC monitor (GISTM) receiver (model GSV4004A) was used to record scintillations and the total electron content (TEC). The polar ionosphere is more sensitive to phase than to amplitude scintillations. Occurrence of amplitude scintillation is confined to well-defined regions, while phase scintillation shows a strong characterization both in magnetic latitude and magnetic local time. Occurrence of amplitude and phase scintillation increases during disturbed compared with quiet days. During disturbed days, the phase-scintillation region is displaced towards lower latitudes, following the auroral oval. The observed noon peak in scintillation occurrence may indicate that the irregularities that generate scintillation are caused by precipitation in the daytime cusp/cleft region. A significant enhancement of the TEC and the rate of change of the TEC index (ROTI) signified transits of polar-cap patches across different satellite trajectories during geomagnetic storms. We found that patches are most likely to occur when IMF Bz is southward and/or Kp > 4. Loss of signal lock was more for the L2 signal than for L1, and shows a maximum in the morning sector. Positional errors tend to increase during disturbed conditions. 相似文献
349.
地球北极和南极部分地区正在经历着以变暖和冰冻圈退缩为主要特征的显著变化,不仅深刻影响着当地生态环境和社会经济,而且具有半球乃至全球效应。IPCC在2019年9月发布的《气候变化中的海洋和冰冻圈特别报告》(SROCC)第三章对极地系统变化及其影响与适应做了系统评估,主要呈现了IPCC第五次评估报告(AR5)之后极地冰冻圈、海洋、生态和社会系统相互作用的最新科学认知,探讨了降低脆弱性和风险、增强适应性和恢复力的路径。文中对SROCC第三章进行扼要解读,主要内容包括:(1)极地海洋、海冰、积雪/冻土/淡水冰、冰盖与冰川等极地系统要素过去和未来变化及其影响以及极地与中低纬度天气气候之间的关联;(2)人类响应极地系统变化的策略和不足以及应对未来变化的不确定性;(3)当前加强极地恢复力建设的主要行动及其实施进展。 相似文献
350.
利用华南地区14个站点2010年1月1日至2015年12月31日六年逐日的L波段探空资料,对华南地区对流层顶、边界层顶的时空分布特征及其高度的变化特征进行分析。结果表明,华南地区平均对流层顶高度5月最高,8月最低,对流层顶的变化与夏季风爆发的时间节点有较好的对应;平均边界层顶高度3月最高,8月最低,沿海站点与内陆站点边界层顶高度变化规律明显不同;华南地区四季的平均边界层高度的空间分布与对流层顶高度的空间分布反相,西沙上空与广西西北部两块区域始终存在极值中心。 相似文献