Slope instability phenomena in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Ma Wei  Niu Fujun  Akagawa Satoshi  Jin Dewu 《Landslides》2006,3(3):260-264

Permafrost covers a significant area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Slope instability problem in the region was often neglected, though it plays important roles in engineering construction and landform processes. In this paper, the slope instability phenomena in the permafrost regions on the plateau are discussed. The slope failures often occur in the forms of thaw-induced landslides and gelifluction. Thaw-induced landslides are closely related to active layer detachment and changes of permafrost conditions. Such landslides include retrogressive flow and thaw slump and are hazardous to engineering constructions. Gelifluction includes deep-seated movement and surface movement. It is an important factor in landform planation because it may spread over a large area and remain active for a long period of time.  相似文献   

Risk assessment of water erosion for the Qareh Aghaj subbasin, southern Iran     

Masoud Masoudi  A. M. Patwardhan  S. D. Gore 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,21(1):15-24

South of the Zagros belt, the entire land of Southern Iran faces problems arising out of various types of land degradation of which water erosion forms a major type. A new model has been developed for assessing the risk of water erosion. Taking into consideration nine indicators of water erosion the model identifies areas with ‘Potential Risk’ (risky zones) and areas of ‘Actual Risk’ as well as projects the probability of the worse degradation in future. The Qareh Aghaj subbasin (1,265,000 ha), which covers the upper reaches of Mond River, has been chosen for a test risk assessment of this kind. The preparation of risk maps based on the GIS analysis of these indicators will be helpful for prioritizing the areas to initiate remedial measures. The different kinds of data for indicators of water erosion were gathered from the records and published reports of the governmental offices of Iran. By fixing the thresholds of severity classes of the nine indicators a hazard map for each indicator was first prepared in GIS. The risk classes were defined on the basis of risk scores arrived at by assigning the appropriate attributes to the indicators and the risk map was prepared by overlaying nine hazard maps in the GIS. Areas under potential risk have been found to be widespread (63%) in the basin and when classified into subclasses with different probability levels the model projects a statistical picture of the risk of land degradation.  相似文献   

位场数据网格化的反插值法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

郭良辉  孟小红  郭志宏 《地球物理学报》2006,49(4):1183-1190

位场不规则分布数据的网格化是位场数据分析处理的首要问题.本文借鉴反插值法的原理，提出利用基于预条件共轭梯度的反插值法实现位场数据的网格化.其中，插值算子采用高斯权系数，滤波算子采用Laplacian算子，预条件算子采用滤波算子的逆.通过理论模型和实际航磁数据的网格化试验分析，验证了本文的反插值法适合地球物理位场特征，网格化速度快，精度高，效果好.  相似文献   

Effects of elasticity on the Rayleigh–Taylor instability: implications for large-scale geodynamics     

Boris J. P. Kaus  Thorsten W. Becker 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(2):843-862

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海河及西北内陆河流域的水热平衡研究     

孙福宝  杨大文  刘志雨  丛振涛  雷志栋 《水文》2007,27(2):7-10

本文通过对海河流域的38个子流域及内陆河流域的7个子流域的逐年降水、径流及实际蒸散发和蒸发能力的分析,证明了基于Budyko假设的流域水热耦合平衡关系在海河及西北内陆河流域是成立的。根据各子流域的长期水量平衡结果,本文验证了水热耦合平衡模型中的唯一参数综合反映流域的下垫面条件且具有显著的区域分布规律,与此同时,本文还在海河流域及内陆河流域对根据流域平均坡度(tanβ),相对土壤最大蓄水能力(Smax/0)和相对土壤入渗能力(Ks/■r)估算模型参数■的经验公式进行了验证,计算结果较好。  相似文献   

土星千米波辐射源及磁层内磁力线弯曲          下载免费PDF全文

王翼  陈出新 《地球物理学报》2007,50(3):672-677

本文提出一个模型，通过此模型得到土星千米波辐射源（Saturn's Kilometric Radiation Source）的分布.这个模型就是：磁层顶的开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性（Kelvin Helmholtz Instability）会导致阿尔芬波沿着弯曲的磁力线传播到土星极区附近，并在这个过程中使土星电离层附近（1Rs高度，Rs为土星半径)的粒子加速沉降，发生回旋不稳定性（Cyclotron Maser Instability），进而产生R-X模式辐射的非寻常波（Extraordinary wave）.我们认为，极区发生回旋不稳定性的区域就是土星千米波辐射源的区域.本文求出了磁层顶附近开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性发生在土星本地时（Saturn's Local Time）11 LT以前，得出了阿尔芬波沿磁力线传播到土星需要约383 min，求解出向阳面磁力线弯曲了约80°，最后得出土星千米波辐射源分布从黎明段的7～9 LT延伸到傍晚段的18 LT，并且黎明段分布的纬度比傍晚段低.  相似文献   

考虑围岩流变特性的地震尖点型突变模型   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

徐曾和  徐小荷 《岩土力学》2000,21(1):24-27

考虑到断层两盘围岩的粘弹性和断层的应变弱化,建立了断层地震的简化力学模型,首先证明了该模型对应于尖点突变,后利用尖点突变理论研究地震的非稳定机制,阐明只有当外界对系统输入足够的能量,且刚度比小于１时,系统内的能量才能迅地转移与释放,引起地震。而孕震时间既与远场位 关又与围岩的粘弹性性质有关。  相似文献   

The Generalized Energy Equation and Instability in the Two-layer Barotropic Vortex     

张铭  赵艳玲  黄泓  梁丹青 《大气科学进展》2007,24(1):147-151

The linear two-layer barotropic primitive equations in cylindrical coordinates are used to derive a gen- eralized energy equation, which is subsequently applied to explain the instability of the spiral wave in the model. In the two-layer model, there are not only the generalized barotropic instability and the super high- speed instability, but also some other new instabilities, which fall into the range of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and the generalized baroclinic instability, when the upper and lower basic flows are different. They are perhaps the mechanisms of the generation of spiral cloud bands in tropical cyclones as well.  相似文献   

山东省2006年4月28日飑线天气过程分析   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨晓霞  李春虎  杨成芳  邰庆国  陈优宽  周雪松 《气象》2007,33(1):74-80

对2006年4月28日山东省一次飑线天气过程进行诊断分析，应用湿位涡守恒理论研究了飑线的发展机制。结果表明：飑线是由500hPa西风槽影响产生的，为低层增温增湿，高层冷空气南下，低能舌叠加在高能舌之上，导致大气对流性不稳定。850hPa切变线和地面低压槽中的辐合上升运动触发对流不稳定能量释放，产生中尺度对流云团，在热力不稳定和风垂直切变的环境条件下对流云团东移发展，形成飑线。低层大气湿斜压性增强，破坏了地转平衡，倾斜涡度发展，上升运动增强，对流发展；高空高位势涡度下传使得中低层位势涡度增大，导致其垂直涡度增大，有利于对流层低层中尺度涡旋发展，对流增强。较强的上升运动与风垂直切变相互作用，促使对流系统发展形成飑线，产生雷雨大风。  相似文献   

东胜气田井壁稳定技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

王群 《探矿工程》2018,45(1):39-43

随着世界石油工业的不断发展,勘探开发领域的持续拓宽,勘探开发方向逐渐转变为“攻深找盲”,高风险井、深井、超深井占比的增加,对钻井技术和钻井液技术提出了更高的要求。特别是自2014年起东胜气田的钻井环境有了显著变化,钻井液不落地技术的应用推广引起大量旧钻井液经过简单处理之后又参与循环,钻井液中大量亚微离子参与循环导致钻井液维护、处理困难。还有部分老区块加密布井,特别是在已经开采的老区块布井施工,由于前期钻井过程中钻井液渗透作用使地层岩石的力学强度降低和岩石的应力分布改变,使原有地质资料无法精确预测地层压力,井壁失稳问题更加凸显。因此钻井施工也需要向科学管理、精细管理靠拢,更需要通过模拟分析,精确钻井液性能范围来稳定井壁。本文对近两年东胜气田水平井施工中出现的井壁失稳现象进行了探讨,结合钻井液与工程两方面措施形成一套井壁稳定技术,来应对日益复杂的井内情况。  相似文献