广西岩溶塌陷类型、影响因素、成因机制及其防治措施     

韩淑朋  严新泺 《火山地质与矿产》2012,(2):130-135

岩溶塌陷是覆盖型岩溶区最突出的地质灾害问题,是广西重要的地质灾害之一,对经济建设和人民的生活构成严重危害。文章从塌陷的物质组成及成因上讨论了广西岩溶塌陷的类型,分析了其危害、影响因素及其形成机制。在此基础上,提出了岩溶塌陷防治的对策建议。  相似文献   

Observations on the application of artificial neural network to predicting ground motion measures          下载免费PDF全文

Hanping Hong  Taojun Liu  Chien-Shen Lee 《地震科学（英文版）》2012,25(2):161-175

Application of the artificial neural network (ANN) to predict pseudospectral acceleration or peak ground acceleration is explored in the study. The training of ANN model is carried out using feed-forward backpropagation method and about 600 records from 39 California earthquakes. The statistics of the residuals or modeling error for the trained ANN-based models are almost the same as those for the parametric ground motion prediction equations, derived through regression analysis; the residual or modeling error can be modeled as a normal variate. The similarity and differences between the predictions by these two approaches are shown. The trained ANN-based models, however, are not robust because the models with almost identical mean square errors do not always lead to the same predictions. This undesirable behaviour for predicting the ground motion measures has not been shown or discussed in the literature; the presented results, at least, serve to raise questions and caution on this problem. A practical approach to ameliorate this problem, perhaps, is to consider several trained ANN models, and to take the average of the predicted values from the trained ANN models as the predicted ground motion measure.  相似文献   

粗颗粒土冻胀特性和防治措施研究现状   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

李安原  牛永红  牛富俊  刘华 《冰川冻土》2015,37(1):202-210

室内试验和现场监测数据表明, 粗颗粒土的冻胀敏感性与土的级配、初始含水量、温度、外载等诸多因素有关; 在一定的组合条件下, 粗颗粒土也可以发生显著的冻胀. 以认识哈大高铁路基冻胀特性为目的, 在分类梳理有关粗颗粒土冻胀特性研究文献的基础上, 简要论述了粗颗粒土的冻胀理论及其发展现状, 然后重点论述了有关影响粗颗粒土冻胀特性的几个关键因素--细颗粒含量、水分特征及温度状况方面的研究成果和存在的问题. 最后, 讨论了研究粗颗粒土冻胀模型及其冻胀机理时应关注的问题, 以更好地评价、防治公路和铁路路基土冻胀.  相似文献   

长江经济带中-东部地区(重庆-上海段)地震活动特征及面临的地震危险性问题     

赵根模  吴中海  刘杰 《地质力学学报》2016,22(3):412-420

基于历史和仪器地震资料,重点介绍了长江经济带东段地震活动特点,进行了地震区带划分,探讨了该区中心城市的震灾问题,并结合区域地震异常,指出了当前华东沿海和郯庐带南段的地震危险性信息,指出了本区面临的地震安全和防震减灾的问题及相关建议。   相似文献   

Collapse assessment of moment frame buildings,considering vertical ground shaking          下载免费PDF全文

Cody C. Harrington  Abbie B. Liel 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(15):2475-2493

While many cases of structural damage in past earthquakes have been attributed to strong vertical ground shaking, our understanding of vertical seismic load effects and their influence on collapse mechanisms of buildings is limited. This study quantifies ground motion parameters that are capable of predicting trends in building collapse because of vertical shaking, identifies the types of buildings that are most likely affected by strong vertical ground motions, and investigates the relationship between element level responses and structural collapse under multi‐directional shaking. To do so, two sets of incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) are run on five nonlinear building models of varying height, geometry, and design era. The first IDA is run using the horizontal component alone; the second IDA applies the vertical and horizontal motions simultaneously. When ground motion parameters are considered independently, acceleration‐based measures of the vertical shaking best predict trends in building collapse associated with vertical shaking. When multiple parameters are considered, Housner intensity (SI), computed as a ratio between vertical and horizontal components of a record (SI_V/SI_H), predicts the significance of vertical shaking for collapse. The building with extensive structural cantilevered members is the most influenced by vertical ground shaking, but all frame structures (with either flexural and shear critical columns) are impacted. In addition, the load effect from vertical ground motions is found to be significantly larger than the nominal value used in US building design. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

隧道工程因素对地下水环境影响研究     

刘志春  王梦恕 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z2):281-288

隧道对地下水环境影响科学评价一直是隧道工程界难以回避又备受困扰的技术难题之一,掌握工程因素对地下水资源流失量及水位变化的影响规律是开展地下水环境影响评价的理论基础。以350 km/h高速铁路双线隧道V级围岩“半包”防水复合式衬砌为计算原型,通过隧道瞬态渗流模型分析了地下水资源流失量及水位变化随时间的变化规律。进一步研究了工程因素中水位埋深、施工方法、施工时间、喷射混凝土厚度、喷射混凝土抗渗性能、喷射混凝土开裂渗漏、地层注浆加固方式、地层注浆加固范围、注浆体抗渗性能及隔断墙对地下水资源流失量及水位变化的影响规律。根据工程因素的影响规律,探讨了施工期及运营期地下水环境保护的控制方法和技术措施。  相似文献   

云岭隧道底鼓机理分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

汪洋  唐雄俊  谭显坤  王元汉 《岩土力学》2010,31(8):2530-2534

结合十漫高速公路云岭隧道建设,分析了隧道底鼓的形式和发展过程,研究了影响隧道底鼓的多个因素,在分析隧道仰拱稳定性的基础上,推导了隧道底鼓的表达式,并通过现场监测对其进行了验证。通过对隧道底鼓机制进行分析,正确认识了围岩的变形破坏机制,提出了隧道底鼓的治理措施。其研究结果不仅为优化隧道的支护体系提供了依据,同时对指导隧道现场施工,确保施工安全具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Qinghai-Tibet Expressway experimental research     

Wei Gu  QiHao Yu  Jin Qian  HuiJun Jin  JianMing Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(5):0396-0404

As one part of the National Highway Network Planning in China, the Qinghai-Tibet Expressway （QTE） from Golmud to Lhasa will be built in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP） across about 630 km of permafrost lands. Due to the problematic interactions between the engineering foundations and permafrost, the frozen-soil roadbed of the QTE will be subjected to the more intense thermal disturbances due to the wider black surface. The design and construction for long-term thermal and mechanical stability will face more severe challenges than those in ordinary highways and railways in the same region. In order to provide scientific support for cold regions engineering practices, the QTE Experimental Demonstration Project （EDP） was constructed in situ in the vicinity of the Beilu＇he Permafrost Station in the interior of the QTP. In this paper, the anticipated problems of the proposed QTE project are enumerated, and the structures of the test sections for QTE EDP are described. Through numerical simulations, it was found that the heat transfer processes occurring in each specific road structure are significantly different. The heat accumulation in the highway embankment is mainly due to the black bituminous pavement, but in the railway embankment with its gravel surfaces, it mainly comes from the side slopes. As a result, the net heat accumulation of the highway embankment is three times higher than that in the railway. In expressway, the heat accumulation is further increased because of the wider pavement so that significantly more heat will be accumulated in the roadbed beneath the centerline area. Thus, the thermal stability of the fro- zen-soil roadbed and the underlying permafrost of the QTE can be seriously threatened without proper engineering measures protection against thawing. Based on research and practical experiences from the operating Qinghai-Tibet Railway （QTR） and the Qinghai-Tibet Highway （QTH）, combined with the predicted characteristics of heat transfer in an expressway embankment, nine kinds of engineering measures for mitigating the thaw settlement of foundation soils through the cooling the roadbed soils were built and are being tested in the EDP. The design of the monitoring system for the EDP and the observed parameters were also described.  相似文献   

隧道岩溶突水、突泥危险性评价初探   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

毛邦燕  许模  蒋良文 《中国岩溶》2010,29(2):183-189

通过对渝怀线圆梁山隧道等近20座隧道岩溶突水、突泥机制的深入研究,在充分考虑方法可操作性、适用性,定性与定量评价相结合的基础上,提出了“隧道突水、突泥危险性分级体系”。建立起了以可溶岩的物质结构、地质构造条件、场效应条件、其它条件因素为一级评价指标,以断裂破碎带宽度、承压水压力条件、地形地貌特征、隧道埋深等13个影响因素为二级指标的评价体系。用层次分析法确定了各因素的权重,采用定性、定量相结合的方法确立了各指标的隶属度,并根据隧道突水、突泥危险性级别制定了相应的防治措施。最后以圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜段为例,对隧道突水、突泥危险性进行了分级评价。结果表明,毛坝向斜段隧道突水、突泥极危险区长度为992 m,约占该段总长的54.07%。   相似文献   

强腐蚀环境下锤击PHC管桩施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

彭波  董宜辉  邢庆银 《探矿工程》2017,44(8):67-71

〗PHC管桩具有竖向抗压承载力高、施工工期短等优势,已在我国得到了广泛的推广运用。结合日照港油品码头有限公司油库二期工程中首次采用PHC管桩的工程实例,阐述了在强腐蚀环境下,PHC管桩的选用、防腐处理措施、锤击施工技术要点及施工控制措施,为类似工程提供一定的参考。  相似文献