A copula-based closed-form binary logit choice model for accommodating spatial correlation across observational units   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

Chandra R. Bhat  Ipek N. Sener 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2009,11(3):243-272

This study focuses on accommodating spatial dependency in data indexed by geographic location. In particular, the emphasis is on accommodating spatial error correlation across observational units in binary discrete choice models. We propose a copula-based approach to spatial dependence modeling based on a spatial logit structure rather than a spatial probit structure. In this approach, the dependence between the logistic error terms of different observational units is directly accommodated using a multivariate logistic distribution based on the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstein (FGM) copula. The approach represents a simple and powerful technique that results in a closed-form analytic expression for the joint probability of choice across observational units, and is straightforward to apply using a standard and direct maximum likelihood inference procedure. There is no simulation machinery involved, leading to substantial computation gains relative to current methods to address spatial correlation. The approach is applied to teenagers’ physical activity participation levels, a subject of considerable interest in the public health, transportation, sociology, and adolescence development fields. The results indicate that failing to accommodate heteroscedasticity and spatial correlation can lead to inconsistent and inefficient parameter estimates, as well as incorrect conclusions regarding the elasticity effects of exogenous variables.

Ipek N. SenerEmail:

  相似文献   

Public acceptance of the oceanic carbon sequestration     

Norihiro Kamishiro  Toru Sato 《Marine Policy》2009

CO₂ ocean sequestration may be an effective option for mitigating global warming. There are risks associated with this process, particularly the local impact on deep-sea environments. Public acceptance is required for the implementation of this technology, even though the impacts have been proven to be trivial. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted to find the correlation between public acceptance of CO₂ sequestration and influential factors by covariance structure analysis. In addition, risk communication via the Internet was carried out. These analyses revealed that careful investigation of the target oceanic site and field experiments are important in gaining public acceptance of CO₂ sequestration.  相似文献   

深圳市公共文化场所空间分布格局研究     

魏宗财  甄峰  马强  孙瑞娟  张增玲 《热带地理》2007,27(6):526-531

随着深圳市逐步实施文化立市的发展战略，公共文化场所的设置和选址变得日益重要。利用ArcGIS和SPSS软件，通过定性描述与定量分析相结合的方法探究深圳市公共文化场所的空间分布格局，得出区际差异大，集中程度高，总体上呈现以特区内为核心、特区外为边缘地带的分布格局．外向型公共文化场所集中化分布的特征更为显著，公共文化场所的空间分布格局呈更加均衡的发展趋势等是其主要特征，进而分析了居民生活品质、人口分布、交通区位、政府行为等因素对现有分布格局的影响，并建议应适度加大政府行为因素对分布格局的影响等。  相似文献   

中国与欧盟战略环境评价的比较研究——从技术导则层面分析     

吕永鹏  车越  程江  杨凯 《世界地理研究》2007,16(2):101-106

摘要：介绍了我国与欧盟战略环境评价相关文件。通过从适用范围、跨国界环境影响和跨国界咨询、公众参与以及信息公开等方面对我国与欧盟SEA的技术导则性文件进行对比分析，借鉴欧盟SEA中适合于我国国情的经验，建议正在制定中的《规划环境影响评价条例》和正在修订中的《规划环境影响评价技术导则》等我国SEA相关文件要细化文件适用范围，开展城乡规划环境影响评价，在公众参与中更多鼓励相关利益群体、弱势群体和NGO的参与，深化环境信息公开制度以避免重复评价和监测。  相似文献   

Prospects for the Development and Application of the Earthquake Monitoring Network     

Jin Xing 《中国地震研究》2007,21(2):121-129

With the rapid development of the economy in China, the seismic network has been changing rapidly, in that the capability of instruments, technological systems and network density are approaching those of developed countries and a large quantity of observation data has been accumulated. How to apply these resources to economic construction and public safety has become an important issue worth studying. In order to improve earthquake prediction and earthquake emergency response, it is suggested in this paper that extracting valuable precursor information, improving earthquake rapid reporting ability and extending rapid intensity reporting function are key issues. Integrating network resources, building unified standards and a multifunction seismic monitoring network are preconditions of establishing a public safety service platform and earthquake observation resources will contribute significantly to the fields of engineering, ocean, meteorology, and environmental protection. Thus, the future directions of the development of the seismic network are exploring monitoring resources, enhancing independent innovation, constructing a technological platform and enlarging the service field.  相似文献   

Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

Irene Lorenzoni  Sophie Nicholson-Cole  Lorraine Whitmarsh 《Global Environmental Change》2007,17(3-4):445-459

This paper reports on the barriers that members of the UK public perceive to engaging with climate change. It draws upon three mixed-method studies, with an emphasis on the qualitative data which offer an in-depth insight into how people make sense of climate change. The paper defines engagement as an individual's state, comprising three elements: cognitive, affective and behavioural. A number of common barriers emerge from the three studies, which operate broadly at ‘individual’ and ‘social’ levels. These major constraints to individual engagement with climate change have implications for achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gases in the UK. We argue that targeted and tailored information provision should be supported by wider structural change to enable citizens and communities to reduce their carbon dependency. Policy implications for effective engagement are discussed.  相似文献   

Public perceptions of sharks: Gathering support for shark conservation     

《Marine Policy》2014

With increasing evidence of the destructive impacts of human activities on the ocean there is a growing call for stronger public engagement in marine governance. An understanding of marine issues and pro-environmental values are key elements that influence an individual׳s engagement in conservation and pro-environmental behaviour. This paper presents a study on public perceptions of sharks and shark conservation in the UK. The study investigated knowledge of and attitudes towards sharks of a group of individuals with a clear interest in the marine environment, as well as possible factors that might influence their perceptions of sharks, in order to make recommendations on how to foster engagement in shark conservation. The key finding was that important prerequisites for engagement in shark conservation exist among parts of the UK public. However, this does not seem to be enough to motivate actual engagement. The study discusses a number of specific challenges with regard to sharks which might be influencing the way in which society connects to shark related issues. It concludes with priority recommendations for further investigation into potential catalysts for public engagement in shark conservation.  相似文献   

Studying local climate adaptation: A heuristic research framework for comparative policy analysis     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Climate change poses a significant risk for communities, and local governments around the world have begun responding by developing climate adaptation policies. Scholarship on local adaptation policy has proliferated in recent years, but insufficient attention has been paid to operationalization of the unit of analysis, and methods employed are typically inadequate to draw inferences about variation across cases. This article seeks to contribute to the conceptual and methodological foundations of a research agenda for comparative analysis of local adaptation policies and policy-making. Synthesizing insights from policy studies literature and existing adaptation research, the article identifies and operationalizes two aspects of public policy—policy content and policy process—which are salient objects of comparative analysis that typically vary from one community to another. The article also addresses research design, outlining a comparative case study methodology that incorporates various qualitative analytical techniques as the vehicle to examine these policy elements in empirical settings.  相似文献   

Unjust and unsustainable: A case study of the Açu port industrial complex     

《Marine Policy》2014

Given their potential for social and ecosystem disruption along with job creation and economic stimulus, the proliferation of extremely large-scale investment projects worldwide has created a dilemma for policymakers and public authorities. Although one method of balancing the varied interests of stakeholders is to require that development projects be sustainable, the definition of this concept has become muddled and few practical frameworks for its implementation have emerged. One strategy that does exist, however, is the just sustainability framework. The present study sought to assess the just sustainability of the Açu industrial seaport megaproject in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil through the application of a questionnaire among 60 active marine artisan fishers of a nearby community. The results indicate that the megaproject was not sustainable. Furthermore, the results of the just sustainability indicators triangulated both with the study's primary fisher ethnographic data and with peer-reviewed scientific assessments of similar projects, thus confirming the potential value of the just sustainability framework for assessment and policy formulation.  相似文献   

Obtaining public support for North-South climate funding: Evidence from conjoint experiments in donor countries     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

The adoption of the Warsaw mechanism on loss and damage has again highlighted the North-South divide in those parts of UNFCCC negotiations dealing with international climate finance. Current estimates put required funding from rich countries at 50–100 billion Euros per year to induce non-Annex I countries to take on greenhouse gas limitation commitments and to assist highly vulnerable countries. Results from survey-embedded conjoint experiments can help policy-makers anticipate opportunities and pitfalls in designing large-scale climate funding schemes. We implemented such experiments in the United States and Germany to better understand what institutional design characteristics are likely to garner more public support for climate funding among citizens in key developed countries. We find that climate funding receives more public support if it flows to efficient governments, funding decisions are made jointly by donor and recipient countries, funding is used both for mitigation and adaptation, and other donor countries contribute a large share. Contrary to what one might expect, climate change damage levels, income, and emissions in/of potential recipient countries have no significant effect on public support. These findings suggest that finance mechanisms that focus purely on compensating developing countries, without contributing to the global public good of mitigation, will find it hard to garner public support.  相似文献