古尔班通古特沙漠灌木冠幅预测模型     

王明娜  张定海  张志山  路丽宁 《中国沙漠》2022,42(4):139-150

古尔班通古特沙漠是中国第二大沙漠,也是中国固定和半固定沙丘主要分布区,固沙灌木种较多。冠幅不仅是反映固沙灌木可视化的重要参数,也是反映沙漠植被生长情况的重要变量。以3种沙丘（固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘）上主要固沙灌木为研究对象,利用12种基础模型、BP(Backpropagation Neural Network)神经网络和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）机器学习算法建立了基于固沙灌木株高和冠长率的冠幅预测模型,同时将两种机器学习算法拟合结果与基础模型进行比较,最终选出了适合研究区的冠幅预测模型。结果表明：（1）不同沙丘类型和不同灌木种类的最优冠幅预测模型不同,且固定沙丘和半固定沙丘模型优于流动沙丘。3种沙丘类型最优拟合为M2(Quadratic Model)模型;（2）白梭梭（Haloxylon persicum）在半固定沙丘和流动沙丘上拟合的最优模型分别为M2、M7(Gompertz),沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）最优模型为M2,蛇麻黄（Ephedra distachya）和油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）在...  相似文献   

河流相沉积中准层序与短期基准面旋回对比研究——以四川中部须家河组为例   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

高志勇 《地质学报》2007,81(1):109-118

通过详细分析曲流河沉积动力学特点,在四川中部须家河组建立了河流相沉积的准层序模式。曲流河沉积中可发育粒级向上变细准层序,也可以发育粒级向上变粗的准层序。辫状河准层序表现为粒级向上变细、河道水体向上变浅的准层序,而粒级向上变粗的准层序不发育。河流相准层序界面是河道砂体底部的冲刷侵蚀面,在粒级向上变粗的泛滥平原-决口扇或决口河道沉积中,准层序界面为暴露过泥岩与上部洪水期的暗色泥岩间的界面。将河流相准层序与短期基准面旋回进行精细的分析与对比认为,二者在层序地层学级次划分中时限相当,发育时间为0.01~0.05Ma;二者的界面是相同的,均为河道砂体底部的冲刷侵蚀面或者是暴露过泛滥平原泥岩、根土岩等。河流相中准层序与短期基准面旋回其实是相同时间内沉积的一套相同的沉积体,二者的不同只是分析的角度不同,其实质内容是一致的,即在曲流河短期基准面升降变化过程中,所保留下来的沉积物总是相对河水位是向上变浅的,由位于河水面以下的河道或边滩砂体向上变浅至河水面之上的天然堤、泛滥平原泥岩,此相序特征也正与准层序向上变浅的定义相同。  相似文献   

复杂地形下C波段雷达定量降水估计算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李巧  戚友存  朱自伟  杨毅  闵锦忠  师春香  张哲  李东欢  王楠  胡启元 《气象学报》2021,79(4):689-702

C波段雷达定量降水估计(QPE)精度受到很多因素的影响,主要包括:(1)雷达标定,(2)非气象回波的干扰,(3)降水物垂直空间变化,(4)地形或地物的严重遮挡,(5)Z-R关系的代表性,(6)雷达拼图的质量,(7)雷达观测回波衰减等.文中雷达定量降水估计算法基于陕西省C波段天气雷达展开,从雷达探测数据质量控制、地形遮挡...  相似文献   

Engineering characteristics and uses of duricrusts in Australia     

G. H. McNally 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):535-547

The uses and shortcomings of duricrusts (ferricrete, calcrete and silcrete) in engineering construction (as used for road‐base, aggregate, foundation materials and aquifers) are reviewed. Australian production of these materials represents about one‐third of all unprocessed road‐base and they are especially important as pavement courses for lightly trafficked, low‐cost rural and outback roads. However, duricrusts are regarded as marginal materials at best because of their typically poor grading, particle unsoundness, high fines plasticity, and absorption of water and bitumen. These materials are used because they are available locally in areas that are otherwise lacking in hard rock materials, such as deeply weathered and sedimentary rock terrains. The weathering profiles of which they form part are characterized by high permeability (despite being clay‐rich), variable cementation, low compressibility and a tendency to become weaker with depth. Although the more indurated layers are unrippable, they are also difficult to blast. Pedogenic (nodular) duricrusts were formerly sought for natural road‐base, because they occur widely and require only rudimentary processing. However, well‐cemented groundwater (vadose) duricrusts are now the preferred deposits, even though they require crushing and screening. Ferricrete is the most widely exploited of the duricrusts for engineering purposes, especially in northern and southwestern Australia, although calcrete is important in South Australia and in the Murray Basin. Silcrete is only a minor source of aggregate and road‐base, mainly in western Queensland.  相似文献   

Nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesive soil     

Lianyang Zhang  Saeed Ahmari 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(2):201-220

This article presents a method for the nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesive soil. The method considers the force and the moment equilibrium to derive the system equations for a rigid pile under a lateral eccentric load. The system equations are then solved using an iteration scheme to obtain the response of the pile. The method considers the nonlinear variation of the ultimate lateral soil resistance with depth and uses a new closed‐form expression proposed in this article to determine the lateral bearing factor. The method also considers the horizontal shear resistance at the pile base, and a bilinear relationship between the shear resistance and the displacement is used. For simplicity, the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction is assumed to be constant with depth, which is applicable to piles in overconsolidated clay. The nonlinearity of the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction with pile displacement at ground surface is also considered. The validity of the developed method is demonstrated by comparing its results with those of 3D finite element analysis. The applications of the developed method to analyze five field test piles also show good agreement between the predictions and the experimental results. The developed method offers an alternative approach for simple and effective analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesive soil. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Accounting for sparsely observed rainfall space—time variability in a rainfall—runoff model of a semiarid Tunisian basin/Prise en compte d'observations peu denses de la variabilité spatiotemporelle de la pluie dans une modélisation pluie—débit d'un bassin semi-aride Tunisien     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4)

Abstract

The management of water excesses and deficits is a major task in semiarid Mediterranean regions, where the variability of rainfall inputs is high at different time and space scales. Thus intense hydrometeorological events, which generate both potential resource and hazards, are of major interest. A simple method is proposed, with the example of the Skhira basin (192 km²) in central Tunisia, to account for the event space–time variability of rainfall in a rainfall–runoff model, in order to check its influence on the shape, magnitude and timing of resulting hydrographs. The transfer function used is a geomorphology-based unit hydrograph with an explicit territorial significance. Simulations made for highly variable events show the relevance of this method, seen as the first step of a downward approach, and its robustness with respect to the quality and the density of rainfall data.  相似文献   

A revised approach to the UKIH method for the calculation of baseflow / Une approche améliorée de la méthode de l'UKIH pour le calcul de l'écoulement de base     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5)

Abstract

A revised approach to the calculation of baseflow using the method originally proposed by the United Kingdom Institute of Hydrology is presented. The revisions resolve two aspects of the method that lead to less than optimal results; that is, the calculation of values of baseflow that exceed the corresponding values of streamflow and the dependence of the calculated values on the origin of the five-day segmentation of the input streamflow data. The approach is illustrated using streamflow monitoring information that is typical for areas of southern Ontario, Canada, where baseflow is primarily the result of groundwater discharge.  相似文献   

抗洪救灾遥感系统中河道防洪信息系统的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

魏文秋  陈秀万 《水科学进展》1994,5(1):71-77

介绍了抗洪救灾遥感系统中河道防洪信息系统的试验研究.试验以微机作为基本硬件环境,通过对各种图形和遥感图像的输入、输出与处理方法的研究,采用以DBASE-Ⅲ为主,以FORTRAN、BASIC和C语言为辅的混合编程方法.建立了河道防洪信息系统.该系统具有数据更新、查询检索、统计报表、显示制图和对图形、图像的数据采集、编辑、存取、显示、输出与处理等功能.  相似文献   

华北晚古生代聚煤盆地造盆构造述略   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

尚冠雄 《中国煤田地质》1995,7(2):1-6,17

本文从盆地基底、盆地基盘及盆地发育期构造演化三个层次讨论了华北晚古生代聚煤盆地的造盆构造特征。文中提出了盆地基盘概念，阐述释了华北地台晚古生代积活动肇始的构造机理，对华力西阶段华北板块板缘活动及其板内地层记录进行了对应研究。  相似文献   

一种新的地图数据检索方法及其应用软件     

王桥 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1993,(4)

本文提出了一种新的实用地图数据检索方法——“放大镜”式地图数据检索,建立了相应的软件系统,并讨论了该方法的数学基础、软件的特点,还给出了应用实例。  相似文献