Dominant simple-shear deformation during peak metamorphism for the lower portion of the Greater Himalayan Sequence in West Nepal: New implications for hybrid channel flow-type mechanisms in the Dolpo region     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

I conducted new vorticity and deformation temperatures studies to test competing models of the exhumation of the mid-crustal rocks exposed in the Dolpo region (West Nepal). My results indicate that the Main Central Thrust is located ∼5 km structurally below the previous mapped locations. Deformation temperature increasing up structural section from ∼450 °C to ∼650 °C and overlap with peak metamorphic temperature indicating that penetrative shearing was responsible for the exhumation of the GHS occurred at “close” to peak metamorphic conditions. I interpreted the telescoping and the inversion of the paleo-isotherms at the base of the GHS as produced mainly by a sub-simple shearing (Wm = 0.88–1) pervasively distributed through the lower portion of the GHS. My results are consistent with hybrid channel flow-type models where the boundary between lower and upper portions of the GHS, broadly corresponding to the tectonometamorphic discontinuity recently documented in west Nepal, represents the limit between buried material, affected by dominant simple shearing, and exhumed material affected by a general flow dominates by pure shearing. This interpretation is consistent with the recent models suggesting the simultaneous operation of channel flow- and critical wedge-type processes at different structural depth.  相似文献   

集合变分混合同化背景误差协方差流依赖性分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

张明阳  张立凤  张斌  张晓慧 《气象科学》2015,35(6):728-736

通过单点观测试验的方法,对集合变分混合同化背景误差协方差的流依赖特征、流依赖性影响因子、产生原因,以及集合预报方法对流依赖性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:由于引入了集合信息,集合变分混合同化的分析增量与天气系统的分布有关,具有非均匀、各向异性的特征;这种流依赖特征对混合系数敏感,当集合协方差所占权重很小时,分析增量仍呈现出均匀、各向同性特征;混合同化背景误差协方差的流依赖特征不仅与集合样本有关,还与构造集合协方差的ETKF方法有关,只引入与环流形势密切相关的集合样本并不能使分析增量表现出显著的流依赖性,集合样本和ETKF方法共同作用才能将流依赖信息引入到混合协方差中,使分析增量出现流依赖特征;不同集合预报方法对混合协方差的流依赖特征有显著影响,考虑初值和物理过程的超级集合,以及在超级集合样本上再进行ETKF更新扰动后样本构造的混合协方差流依赖特征更加显著。  相似文献   

Hybrid meta-heuristic machine learning methods applied to landslide susceptibility mapping in the Sahel-Algiers     

《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(5):601-618

Landslides are considered as one among many phenomena jeopardizing human beings as well as their constructions. To prevent this disastrous problem, researchers have used several approaches for landslide susceptibility modeling, for the purpose of preparing accurate maps marking landslide prone areas. Among the most frequently used approaches for landslide susceptibility mapping is the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. However, the effectiveness of ANN methods could be enhanced by using hybrid metaheuristic algorithms, which are scarcely applied in landslide mapping. In the current study, nine hybrid metaheuristic algorithms, genetic algorithm (GA)-ANN, evolutionary strategy (ES)-ANN, ant colony optimization (ACO)-ANN, particle swarm optimization (PSO)-ANN, biogeography based optimization (BBO)-ANN, gravitational search algorithm (GHA)-ANN, particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (PSOGSA)-ANN, grey wolves optimization (GWO)-ANN, and probability based incremental learning (PBIL)-ANN have been used to spatially predict landslide susceptibility in Algiers’ Sahel, Algeria. The modeling phase was done using a database of 78 landslides collected utilizing Google Earth images, field surveys, and six conditioning factors (lithology, elevation, slope, land cover, distance to stream, and distance to road). Initially, a gamma test was used to decrease the input variable numbers. Furthermore, the optimal inputs have been modeled by the mean of hybrid metaheuristic ANN techniques and their performance was assessed through seven statistical indicators. The comparative study proves the effectiveness of the co-evolutionary PSOGSA-ANN model, which yielded higher performance in predicting landslide susceptibility compared to the other models. Sensitivity analysis using the step-by-step technique was done afterward, which revealed that the distance to the stream is the most influential factor on landslide susceptibility, followed by the slope factor which ranked second. Lithology and the distance to road have demonstrated a moderate effect on landslide susceptibility. Based on these findings, an accurate map has been designed to help land-use managers and decision-makers to mitigate landslide hazards.  相似文献   

Closing the emission price gap     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Even without internationally concerted action on climate change mitigation, there are important incentives for countries to put a price on their domestic emissions, including public finance considerations, internalizing the climate impacts of their own emissions, and co-benefits, such as clean air or energy security. Whereas these arguments have been mostly discussed in separate strands of literature, this article carries out a synthesis that exemplifies how policies to put a price on emissions can be conceptualized in a multi-objective framework. Despite considerable uncertainty, empirical evidence suggests that different countries may face quite different incentives for emission pricing. For instance, avoided climate damages and co-benefits of reduced air pollution appear to be the main motivation for emission pricing in China, while for the US generating public revenue dominates and for the EU all three motivations are of intermediate importance. We finally argue that such unilateral incentives could form the basis for incremental progress in international climate negotiations toward a realistic climate treaty based on national interest and differentiated emission pricing and describe how such an agreement could be put into practice.  相似文献   

材质和倾角属性筛选的光伏屋顶提取     

王守志  张福坤  朱鹏飞  詹昊  张云姣  奚歌 《测绘通报》2021,(3):96-99,151

针对城市光伏屋顶类型多样致使样本不平衡,高空间分辨率卫星影像光伏屋顶提取问题,提出了一种材质和倾角属性筛选的方法。通过选取天津市南开区、红桥区、和平区、河东区卫星影像,利用标注于光伏屋顶的材质和倾角两种属性筛选出样本均衡的数据集,借助TensorFlow框架下集成的U-Net算法并合理设置参数,得到了光伏屋顶提取结果,并与未利用材质和倾角两种属性筛选情况下的光伏屋顶提取结果进行对比。试验结果表明：本文方法提取精度较高,尤其是对于研究区域不常见的光伏屋顶,能够提取出更为完整准确且边界清晰的结果。  相似文献   

The roof strata tilt approach to pack design—a Case Study     

B. G. D. Smart  S. M. Haley  J. D. Celentano 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1987,5(2):155-160

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Scattering of seismic waves by cracks in multi-layered geological regions: I. Mechanical model     

P. S. Dineva  G. D. Manolis 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(7):1359

In this work, a hybrid boundary integral equation method (BIEM) is developed, based on both displacement and hypersingular traction formulations, for the analysis of time-harmonic seismic waves propagating through cracked, multi-layered geological regions with surface topography and under plane strain conditions. Specifically, the displacement-based BIEM is used for a multi-layered deposit with interface cracks, while the regularized, traction-based BIEM is used when internal cracks are present within the layers. The standard uni-dimensional boundary element with parabolic shape functions is employed for discretizing the free surface and the layer interfaces, while special discontinuous boundary elements are placed near the crack tips to model the asymptotic behaviour of both displacements and tractions. This formulation yields displacement amplitudes and phase angles on the free surface of a geological deposit, as well as stress intensity factors near the tips of the cracks. Finally, in the companion paper, numerical results are presented which show that both scattered wave and stress concentration fields are sensitive to the incidence seismic wave parameters and to specific site conditions such as surface topography, layering, the presence of cracks and crack interaction.  相似文献   

海水养殖罗非鱼补偿生长的生物能量学机制   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12  

王岩 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(3):233-239

1998年4月28日—6月24日和5月20日—7月14日分别在汕头大学南澳海洋生物实验站研究了杂交罗非鱼停喂(简称绝食)或限量投喂(简称限食)后的补偿生长，探讨了杂交罗非鱼补偿生长的生物能量学机制。结果表明，海水养殖杂交罗非鱼在饱食状态下的能量收支为100C=32.8G+50.8R+15.3F+1.1U。在恢复生长期间，对照鱼的食物能和代谢能高于绝食鱼或限食鱼，但其单位体重的食物能、代谢能、生长能、粪能和排泄能均明显低于补偿生长的绝食鱼或限食鱼，绝食或限食后海水养殖杂交罗非鱼的能量收支模式未发生明显变化。  相似文献   

梁花园矿井涌水量估算   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李云峰胥国富  左传明 《中国煤田地质》2007,19(5):38-40,47

梁花园矿井为筹建中煤矿,为了给矿井排水系统的设计、施工和煤炭开采提供可靠的依据,采用地下水动力学公式估算法和水文地质比拟法两种方法,估算出新生界松散层第三含水层（底含）涌水量、主采72煤层顶底板砂岩裂隙含水层涌水量和太灰岩溶裂隙含水层涌水量。  相似文献   

郜城井田滑动构造带与矿井地质灾害   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王志荣 《地质灾害与环境保护》2003,14(4):21-24

对郜城井田F1滑动带的岩性、结构、力学性质和水动力学特征进行了研究，对矿山开拓过程中的突水和矿井碎屑流的成因作了探讨。并在大量矿井调查和野外勘探资料的基础上，提出了对矿井地质灾害的预测和防治方案。  相似文献