排序方式： 共有57条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
JohnKimble SergeyGoryachkin 《冰川冻土》2002,24(5):532-537
Many factors, such the great changes of temperature, which will be expected at the high latitudes, increased pressure from humans to extract the natural resources in cold regions, seriously affect the cold environment. Many meetings have been held about the classification of cold soils, ideas and concepts of cold soils. These facilitate the need for developing a database of soils of the circumpolar region. The database can help offering information for potential problems in cold regions and for selecting the best areas for placement of new road and towns. 相似文献
52.
Comparison on soil carbon stocks between urban and suburban topsoil in Beijing,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The urban population and urbanized land in China have both increased markedly since the 1980s. Urban and suburban developments have grown at unprecedented rates with unknown consequences for ecosystem functions. In particular, the effect of rapid urbanization on the storage of soil carbon has not been studied extensively. In this study, we compared the soil carbon stocks of different land use types in Beijing Municipality. We collected 490 top-soil samples （top 20 cm） from urban and suburban sites within the Sixth Ring Road of Beijing, which cover approximately 2400 km2, and the densities of soil organic carbon （SOC）, soil inorganic carbon （SIC）, and total carbon （TC） were analyzed to determine the spatial distribution of urban and suburban soil carbon characteristics across seven land use types. The results revealed significant differences in soil carbon densities among land use types. Additionally, urban soil had significantly higher SOC and SIC densities than suburban soil did, and suburban shelterbelts and productive plantations had lower SIC densities than the other land use types. The comparison of coefficients of variance （CVs） showed that carbon content of urban topsoil had a lower variability than that of suburban topsoil. Further findings revealed that soil carbon storage increased with built-up age. Ur- ban soil built up for more than 20 years had higher densities of SOC, SIC and TC than both urban soil with less than 10 years and sub- urban soil. Correlation analyses indicated the existence of a significantly negative correlation between the SOC, SIC, and TC densities of urban soil and the distance to the urban core, and the distance variable alone explained 23.3% of the variation of SIC density and 13.8% of the variation of TC density. These results indicate that SOC and SIC accumulate in the urban topsoil under green space as a result of the conversion of agricultural land to urban land due to the urbanization in Beijing. 相似文献
53.
华东地区农田土壤有机碳动态模拟研究——模型的验证与灵敏度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以建成的农田土壤有机碳动态模拟模型为基础,增加土壤pH值影响函数,利用3组土壤pH值迥异的长期定位试验数据对模型进行验证。这些定位试验在地理位置、气象条件、农作方式和土壤性质等方面都具有较大差异。结果表明:修正后的模型可以较好地模拟不同pH值条件下土壤有机碳的变化趋势,模拟值和观测值间的线性相关系数(r2)为0.96(n=137);模型输入参数的敏感程度为温度>外源有机碳>土壤pH值>难分解组分初值>降水>土壤粘粒。 相似文献
54.
《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(3)
Ｉ.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＫａｒｓｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｈａｄｂｅｅｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄａｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈｓｕｒｆａｃｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｃｏｎｓｕｍｉｎｇａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＣＯ2[10,19,20].Ｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌｌｙ,ｔｈｅｃａｒｂｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｓｐｒｉｎｇｂｉｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ50ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍａｉｒＣＯ2ｃｏｍｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｌｆｆｒｏｍｄｉｓｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｒｏｃｋ.… 相似文献
55.
三江平原草甸湿地土壤有机碳矿化对C/N的响应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
模拟研究了三江平原典型草甸小叶章湿地及人工林地土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化在4种C/N(Ⅰ: 9-10,Ⅱ:11-12,Ⅲ: 13-16,Ⅳ: 16-22)处理下的变化特征,分析了SOC矿化对C/N的响应。结果表明:在36天的培养期内,高C/N处理下两种土壤的SOC累积矿化量分别是低C/N时的2.78和2.68倍,两种土壤SOC矿化量对C/N变化的响应不存在显著差异;不同C/N处理下,两种土壤SOC的矿化速率均在前期(0~4天)较高,随着培养时间的延长逐渐降低,并趋于稳定;一级动力学方程能较好的描述两种土壤的SOC矿化动态,其C0和C0/SOC值均随C/N的增加而增加;回归分析表明,试验C/N(9-22)范围内湿草甸土和林地土的SOC累积矿化量及矿化速率分别与C/N呈显著的线性和二次曲线关系,C/N是影响湿地土壤有机碳富集程度的关键因素。 相似文献
56.
通过对中国大陆及青藏高原、新疆、华北和东北各构造区的地震活动性的分析,论证了区域地震活动是一种自组织临界现象.利用分形理论中的粗视化网格法,研究了中国大陆以及各构造区断层系的分形特点和分形结构的跨尺度特征.开展了组构具有分形特点的沙堆模型实验.结合断裂力学理论,认为地震的自组织临界现象源于分形几何断层系的自组织临界性动力学过程,地震分维数和断层系分维数之间存在着一种正相关关系,明确了断层系分形和地震活动性分形之间的因果关系.在此基础上,提出了系统组构的分形是系统输出能量的分形的根源的观点,并进一步利用已有的观测资料进行了分析.最后,基于这个观点和区域断层分布可以通过常规的航卫片分析、地面调查和地质勘探等手段确定的事实,提出了利用断层的分维数与地震的分维数的相关关系,对区域地震的概率分布特征进行估计的观点,可为地震的预测预报提供参考. 相似文献
57.
Xiang-bi Chen Hua Zheng Wei Zhang Xun-yang He Lei Li Jin-shui Wu Dao-you Huang Yi-rong Su 《山地科学学报》2014,11(3):774-781
Land cover type is critical for soil organic carbon(SOC) stocks in territorial ecosystems. However, impacts of land cover on SOC stocks in a karst landscape are not fully understood due to discontinuous soil distribution. In this study, considering soil distribution, SOC content and density were investigated along positive successional stages(cropland, plantation, grassland, scrubland, secondary forest, and primary forest) to determine the effects of land cover type on SOC stocks in a subtropical karst area. The proportion of continuous soil on the ground surface under different land cover types ranged between 0.0% and 79.8%. As land cover types changed across the positive successional stages, SOC content in both the 0–20 cm and 20–50 cm soil layers increased significantly. SOC density(SOCD) within 0–100 cm soil depth ranged from 1.45 to 8.72 kg m-2, and increased from secondary forest to primary forest, plantation, grassland, scrubland, and cropland, due to discontinuous soil distribution. Discontinuous soil distribution had a negative effect on SOC stocks, highlighting the necessity for accurate determination of soil distribution in karst areas. Generally, ecological restoration had positive impacts on SOC accumulation in karst areas, but this is a slow process. In the short term, the conversion of croplandto grassland was found to be the most efficient way for SOC sequestration. 相似文献