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121.
Testing satellite and ground thermal imaging of low-temperature fumarolic fields: The dormant Nisyros Volcano (Greece) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Lagios S. Vassilopoulou V. Sakkas V. Dietrich B.N. Damiata A. Ganas 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2007,62(6):447-460
The Nisyros Volcano (Greece) was monitored by satellite and ground thermal imaging during the period 2000–2002. Three night-scheduled Landsat-7 ETM+ thermal (band 6) images of Nisyros Island were processed to obtain land surface temperature. Ground temperature data were also collected during one of the satellite overpasses. Processed results involving orthorectification and 3-D atmospheric correction clearly show the existence of a thermal anomaly inside the Nisyros Caldera. This anomaly is associated mainly with the largest hydrothermal craters and has land surface temperatures 5–10 °C warmer than its surroundings. The ground temperature generally increased by about 4 °C inside the main crater over the period 2000–2002. Ground thermal images of the hydrothermal Stephanos Crater were also collected in 2002 using a portable thermal infrared camera. These images were calibrated to ground temperature data and orthorectified. A difference of about 0–2 °C was observed between the ground thermal images and the ground temperature data. The overall study demonstrates that satellite remote sensing of low-temperature fumarolic fields within calderas can provide a reliable long-term monitoring tool of dormant volcanoes that have the potential to reactivate. Similarly, a portable thermo-imager can easily be deployed for real-time monitoring using telemetric data transfer. The operational costs for both systems are relatively low for an early warning system. 相似文献
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124.
Land and Sea Surface Temperatures (LST and SST) are both recognized as Essential Climate Variables, and are routinely retrieved by a wealth of satellites. However, for validated approaches, the latest data are usually not available to the general public. We offer to bridge this gap, by using Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI), with its 15 min temporal resolution. Here, we present generic algorithms for the retrieval of both LST and SST, valid for the SEVIRI instrument onboard MSG platforms 8–11, which we validate using hourly data of 4 ground stations and 11 buoys in Spain over the years 2015 to 2018. These validations show that in the best conditions of surface homogeneity (cloud-free summer nights), errors in our LST estimation are below 1.5 K for stations with good thermal homogeneity. Comparison with LSA-SAF (Land Surface Analysis - Satellite Application Facility) LST shows differences below 2 K for most of SEVIRI disk, with higher differences in arid areas and during daytime. As for SST retrieval, the average error amount to 0.67 K for cloud-free buoy data. These algorithms have been implemented in a near-real time processing chain, which provide actualized LST and SST maps every 15 min within 5 min of image reception. These maps, along with other products, can be freely consulted from a dedicated webpage (https://www.uv.es/iplsat). 相似文献
125.
GPS卫星的激光测距和应用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简述了SLR和GPS跟踪技术的发展概况。详细介绍了近几年来对GPS-35、36卫星的激光测距进展和应用研究的情况。给出了残差分析的初步结果,并指出了目前GPS卫星的稀少的激光测距资料对卫星精密定轨和站坐标的解算是有价值的。同时,也简单地评述了GPS卫星的微波和激光跟踪技术各自的优势和弱点.建议联合利用GPS-35、36卫星的SLR和GPS观测资料来开展有关的应用研究。最后,对今后的应用研究工作提出了建议. 相似文献
126.
ORACLE FORMS是ORACLE数据库系统应用程序重要的开发工具之一,它具有良好的窗口,模拟块以及触发器等功能,同时它作为ORACLE大家族中的一员,与ORACLE的其他应用工具又是分不开的。本文结合实例详细地介绍了ORACLE FORMS在开发人造卫星数据库管理系统中的应用。 相似文献
127.
G. M. Appleby 《Journal of Geodesy》1998,72(6):333-342
In this paper we describe the results of an analysis of a 2.5-year set of satellite laser range observations of the two Etalon
geodetic satellites. We fit continuous orbits to the range observations, and map the range residuals into series of equivalent
orbital element residuals, considering in detail the orbital longitude, eccentricity and nodal residuals. We use the longitude
residuals to study thermal effects acting on the satellites and compare the results with those published for the Lageos satellites.
We discuss the differences between the two series of eccentricity residuals, and again compare the results with those from
Lageos. Finally we use the nodal residuals to investigate the potential for determination of UT1 of the reference frame defined
by the orbits of the Etalon satellites.
Received: 30 January 1997 / Accepted: 11 December 1997 相似文献
128.
以反解 Stokes公式为数学模型 ,应用由 T/ P测高数据计算的大地水准面高反演了海域平均重力异常 ,并与船测平均重力异常和 OSU91A位模型计算的平均重力异常进行了比对分析 ,得出了一些有益的结论。 相似文献
129.
Stefan Maus Chris M. Green & J. Derek Fairhead 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,134(1):243-253
The ocean geoid can be inferred from the topography of the mean sea surface. Satellite altimeters transmit radar pulses and determine the return traveltime to measure sea-surface height. The ERS-1 altimeter stacks 51 consecutive radar reflections on board the satellite to a single waveform. Tracking the time shift of the waveform gives an estimate of the distance to the sea surface. We retrack the ERS-1 radar traveltimes using a model that is focused on the leading edge of the waveforms. While earlier methods regarded adjacent waveforms as independent statistical events, we invert a whole sequence of waveforms simultaneously for a spline geoid solution. Smoothness is controlled by spectral constraints on the spline coefficients. Our geoid solutions have an average spectral density equal to the expected power spectrum of the true geoid. The coherence of repeat track solutions indicates a spatial resolution of 31 km, as compared to 41 km resolution for the ERS-1 Ocean Product. While the resolution of the latter deteriorates to 47 km for wave heights above 2 m, our geoid solution maintains its resolution of 31 km for rough sea. Retracking altimeter waveform data and constraining the solution by a spectral model leads to a realistic geoid solution with significantly improved along-track resolution. 相似文献
130.
利用1/50万彩色合成镶嵌的卫星图像,对羌塘块体及邻近大约50万km2地区的断裂活动性进行分析判读。根据断裂的影像特征,将所判读的断裂分成全新世活动、晚更新世活动和第四纪早、中期活动3类。结合本世纪以来的地震活动,分析了主要断裂的活动性。例如位于羌塘盆地以北,全新世明显左行走滑的玛尔盖茶卡-若拉错断裂带上,1997年11月8日发生了玛尼7.5级地震,是该断裂带现代活动的表现 相似文献