太平洋—日本遥相关型的年代际变化特征及其成因     

孙颖  徐海明  邓洁淳 《大气科学》2014,38(6):1055-1065

本文首先利用NCEP/NCAR和ERA-40再分析资料以及中国753站降水资料对太平洋—日本(Pacific-Japan,简称P-J)遥相关型在上世纪70年代末期气候突变前后的年代际变化特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,在气候突变前后,P-J遥相关型的位置发生了显著的变化,气候突变以后其位置明显向西向南偏移。这种位置的变化同样也反映在纬向风场、高度场上。研究结果还表明,气候突变前后P-J遥相关型的年代际变化与热带太平洋和印度洋海温变化有关。气候突变之前,P-J遥相关型的变化与前期热带太平洋和印度洋海温不存在显著的相关;但在气候突变之后,P-J遥相关型与前期冬春季的热带太平洋、印度洋海温之间存在大范围的显著相关区。这种P-J遥相关型与热带太平洋、印度洋海温相关关系的年代改变可能与1970年代中期以后赤道中东太平洋海温变化振幅明显增强有关。随后,本文采用一个高分辨率的大气环流模式,通过一系列的数值试验也进一步证实了1970年代末期热带太平洋和印度洋海温的年代际变化确实可致使P-J遥相关型位置发生相应的改变。  相似文献   

Atlantic Ocean sea-surface temperatures and regional streamflow variability in the Adour-Garonne basin,France     

Abdoul Aziz Oubeidillah  Glenn Tootle  Sally-Rose Anderson 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):496-506

Abstract

The identification of Atlantic Ocean (AO) climatic drivers may prove valuable in long lead-time forecasting of streamflow in the Adour-Garonne basin in southwestern France. Previous studies have identified the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) as drivers of European hydrology. The current research applied the singular value decomposition (SVD) statistical method to AO sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) to identify the primary AO climatic drivers of the Adour-Garonne basin streamflow. Annual and seasonal streamflow volumes were selected as the hydrological response, while average AO SSTs were calculated for three different 6-month averages (January–June, April–September and July–December) for the year preceding streamflow. The results identified a region along the Equator as the probable driver of the basin streamflow. Additional analysis evaluated the influence of the AMO and NAO on Adour-Garonne basin streamflow.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor H. Aksoy

Citation Oubeidillah, A.A., Tootle, G. and Anderson, S.-R., 2012. Atlantic Ocean sea-surface temperatures and regional streamflow variability in the Adour-Garonne basin, France. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (3), 496–506.  相似文献   

20世纪全球温度年代和年代际变化的区域特征   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

江志红  李建平  屠其璞  张强 《大气科学》2004,28(4):545-558

利用多窗谱方法,对全球各区域平均温度序列进行多种信号的检测、重构,着重分析不同区域温度年代和年代际变化的演变特征及其遥相关特点,初步研究显著年代际振荡信号的传播特征.结果表明20世纪年代至世纪尺度温度变化的显著信号有准70年波动和准30～50年、准20～30年、准15年、准7～10年多种时间尺度的振荡,其中准70年波动主要存在于北大西洋及北太平洋的中高纬度;准30～50年振荡则覆盖了除部分中纬度海域以外的大部分海陆表面,其演变特征基本相似,全球年平均温度序列中的显著年代际振荡信号主要反映了这一振荡信号;准20～30年振荡则主要集中于大洋的中纬度和副热带纬度,且具有沿副热带海洋环流传播的特点;准15年振荡主要位于热带太平洋海域,自1930年后,该信号与北太平洋中纬度准20～30年振荡反位相;准7～10振荡则主要集中于北大西洋及北半球中高纬陆地.  相似文献   

A Mechanism for the Interannual Variation of the Early Summer East Asia-Pacific Teleconnection Wave Train          下载免费PDF全文

YANG Ruowen  TAO Yun  CAO Jie 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(4):452-458

Based on the 500-hPa geopotential height, surface air temperature, and China summer rain-belt type data from 1978 to 2002, the spatial spectrum function sets which well represent the variation of large scale atmospheric circulations were obtained using the least square method. A mechanism for the interannual variation of the East Asia-Pacific teleconnection (EAP) wave train in early summer was identified with the low-order spectral method and the hypothesis-test method. The results indicate that, when nonlinear wave-wave and wave-flow interactions on large scale are stronger in the inner dynamic process of the atmosphere,there are obvious nonlinear features in the evolution of the atmospheric circulation, and the EAP exhibits a negative-positive-negative ("- + -") spatial distribution in low to high latitudes in early summer. The corresponding EAP index is positive, which leads to a northward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and the China rain-belt is located in the Huaihe River valley and its north in summer. On the contrary,when nonlinear wave-wave and wave-flow interactions on large scale are weaker, there appears a linear feature in the evolution of the atmospheric circulation, and the EAP shows a positive-negative-positive("+ - +") spatial distribution in low to high latitudes. The corresponding EAP index is negative, which inhibits the WPSH against moving northward, and the China rain-belt is located in the Huaihe and Yangtze River valleys and their south.  相似文献   

2000/2001年冬季北欧异常流型形成机理及其对我国北方天气的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

布和朝鲁  施宁  纪立人 《高原气象》2008,27(1):76-83

从Rossby波能量的频散和瞬变斜压扰动的正压反馈角度,探讨了2000/2001年冬季盛行的斯堪的纳维亚环流型(正位相)的维持机理,并讨论了其对我国北方地区天气气候的影响。该环流型上游部分,即北大西洋和斯堪的纳维亚半岛的两个活动中心主要由瞬变斜压扰动的正压反馈所形成,部分由Rossby波能量频散所维持。而下游部分,即贝加尔湖附近的气旋式环流异常主要由Rossby波能量从上游频散所形成和维持。与该环流型对应,冷空气在西、中西伯利亚堆积,并在其南侧的西风气流区中平流,使得我国华北部分地区和东北地区比常年冷。该环流型导致新疆北部地区、内蒙古东部及东北地区降雪量显著增强。大西洋急流的东伸及对应斜压扰动的显著加强是预报北疆和内蒙古东部及东北地区多雪的一个重要前兆因子。  相似文献   

1961-2008年中国西北东部旱涝异常分布及干旱变化特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

赵红岩  王有恒  王兴  谭丹 《干旱区地理》2012,35(4):552-558

 应用主成分分析和旋转主成分分析方法,利用陕、甘、宁、青四省（区）170个测站,对1961-2008年大气干旱指数S＝ΔT/δT-ΔR/δR的地域相关和年际变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：西北地区东部旱涝异常在空间上表现为较高的整体一致性,其次表现为东西相反和南北相反的变化趋势。西北地区东部旱涝异常存在三个基本相关的区域：甘肃东南部及陕西、河西走廊及河套地区、青海区。50 a来,各区在1974-1977年间和1982-1985年间湿润多雨,1994年以后相对少雨干旱。进一步分析发现,研究区域中西部尽管降水是增加的,但干旱指数变化不明显,而区域东部地区干旱指数变化很明显,说明区域中西部地区变湿不明显,而区域东部暖干化趋势明显。  相似文献   

20世纪70年代末前后北半球冬季对流层遥相关的时空演变研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

曹杰  李湘瑞  应俊 《大气科学》2012,36(2):283-296

应用NOAA提供的1950～2008年月平均500 hPa高度场再分析资料、海表温度、太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)指数和大西洋三极模(ATM)指数, 研究了20世纪70年代末前后北半球冬季对流层遥相关的时空演变规律。相关分析、Mann-Kendall分析和凝聚小波分析的结果表明, 20世纪70年代末以来, 太平洋—北美(PNA)型、欧亚(EUP)型、西太平洋(WP)型和西大西洋(WA)型四种遥相关空间分布和时间演变产生较为显著的变化。空间分布的变化既体现在遥相关正、负异常中心的强度上, 也体现在正、负异常的范围上; 时间演变方面的变化则体现在PNA和WP遥相关指数具有上升趋势, EUP和WA遥相关指数具有一定下降趋势。20世纪70年代末以来, 影响北半球冬季5种遥相关型的海温关键区均有所改变。其中, 各大洋上影响EUP遥相关型的海温关键区面积显著缩小, 影响WA遥相关型的太平洋海温关键区面积显著缩小, 影响EA遥相关型海温关键区在北大西洋中南部改变明显; 在16年以上时间尺度上, PDO变化是造成北半球冬季PNA、 EUP、 WP三种遥相关型变化的主要原因; ATM变化是造成北半球冬季WA和EA两种遥相关型变化的主要原因。  相似文献   

华南6月降水异常及其与东亚—太平洋遥相关的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈锐丹  温之平  陆日宇  吴丽姬 《大气科学》2012,36(5):974-984

利用1959～2010年共52年的大气环流和降水资料,我们分析了华南前汛期季风降水 (6月降水) 的变化特征,发现6月华南降水与同期EAP (East Asia-Pacific,东亚—太平洋) 遥相关型有显著的相关关系,两者之间的相关系数为0.35.EAP指数为正时,长江中下游以南的地区降水偏多,而长江以北和黄河之间的地区降水偏少.将华南6月降水分为与EAP相关的降水序列和与EAP独立的降水序列,比较了二者所对应环流异常的异同点.结果表明,与EAP相关的降水异常对应着EAP相关型的环流异常分布特征,降水为正异常时,850hPa风场从低纬度到高纬度呈现“反气旋、气旋、反气旋”的异常分布,湿的偏南风和干的偏北风在华南上空交汇,降水增多;而整个淮河流域上空为偏北风异常,导致南风带来的水汽输送减少,降水偏少,因此降水异常呈现偶极子分布.相比之下,与EAP独立的降水正异常对应的环流异常表现为热带西北太平洋上空的反气旋性环流异常,华南地区上空为显著的西南风异常,输送到华南地区的水汽增多,导致降水偏多.  相似文献   

黑河流域气象要素与全球性大气环流特征量的多尺度遥相关分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

祁晓凡  李文鹏  李海涛  刘春华 《干旱区地理》2017,40(3):564-572

黑河流域生态-水文过程集成研究是我国近年来干旱半干旱地区的研究热点,气候变化条件下流域生态-水文过程的响应机制是其中一个重要科学问题。基于1956-2015 年黑河流域气温、湿度、降水观测数据及多个大气环流特征量监测资料,采用小波分析方法研究了流域气象要素与大气环流特征量的周期性及遥相关。结果表明：（1）流域气温与大气环流特征量的遥相关关系最为明显,湿度、降水次之。（2）气温与Niño3.4 SSTA、SOI 的显著遥相关共同周期为12～16 a,与NAO、AO为9～11 a,与WP遥相关周期为5～9 a,与PDO为8～15 a。（3）湿度与NAO遥相关周期为4～5 a,与POL为3～6 a,与WP为9～15 a,与PNA为2～8 a。（4）降水与Niño3.4 SSTA遥相关周期为9～15 a,与NAO为2～4 a,与AO为3～7 a,与POL为11～19 a,与WP为9～14 a。（5）上述各遥相关周期的地域分布、显著时段与时滞特征各有差异。本文研究有助于加深流域气象要素对环流特征量响应机制的认识,为我国干旱半干旱地区内陆河流域严峻的水-生态问题的解决及水资源管理提供依据。  相似文献   

Metamorphism within the Çokkul synform: evidence for detachment faulting within the metamorphic infrastructure of the Norwegian Caledonides (67°30'N)     

P. D. CROWLEY 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1990,8(6):615-628

Within the Çokkul synform, Caledonian metamorphic rocks of the Middle Köli Nappe Complex (MKNC) are in low-angle fault contact with the basement mylonites derived from the Precambrian Tysfjord granite-gneiss. In the synform, the MKNC is composed of four fault-bounded nappes each of which has a distinct tectonic stratigraphy composed of amphibolite-facies metamorphosed pelitic and psammitic schists with minor lensoidal bodies of mafic and ultramafic rocks. Pelitic rocks from the three structurally lowest nappes contain the low-variance AFM mineral assemblages gar + bio + staur and staur + ky + bio with mu + qtz + ilm, whereas staur and ky are absent from the highest nappe, the Kallakvare nappe. AFM mineral assemblages in the three lowest nappes indicate peak metamorphic temperatures of 610–660°C and peak pressures in excess of 600 MPa. Mineral assemblages from the Kallakvare nappe are not as diagnostic of metamorphic grade. However, rocks from that nappe contain coexisting plagioclases from both sides of the peristerite gap, suggesting lower-grade peak P–T conditions than those of the structurally lower nappes. In addition, biotite from the lower nappes is more Ti-rich than biotite from the Kallakvare nappe. However, gar–bio–mu–plag and gar–bio–ky–plag–qtz thermobarometry suggests that all four nappes equilibrated at approximately 525 ± 25°C and 700 ± 100 MPa. Gibbs method thermodynamic modelling of garnet zoning profiles suggests that the lower three nappes followed clockwise P–T paths that involved heating and compression to a metamorphic peak of approximately 575–625°C, 800 MPa followed by cooling and decompression to 525°C, 700 MPa. P–T paths calculated for the Kallakvare nappe show decompression and minor heating to a peak T of 500–525°C. In the lower nappes, staur and ky grew during the heating phase not seen by the highest nappe. The outer parts of the paths from all four nappes are approximately parallel, possibly recording the emplacement of the Kallakvare nappe onto the already stacked lower three nappes at some time following the metamorphic peak. These P–T paths suggest that the sole fault of the Kallakvare nappe is a normal fault. Garnet zonation thus appears to record a previously unrecognized phase of uplift and tectonic thinning of the MKNC. This event appears to be restricted to the MKNC and to have occurred prior to the emplacement of the MKNC onto the Tysfjord granite-gneiss basement of Baltoscandia under greenschist-facies conditions. It may have been responsible for the uplift and cooling of the MKNC from 25–30 km amphibolite-facies conditions prior to its emplacement onto Baltoscandia under 15–20 km greenschist-facies conditions. The deformation zone associated with this normal fault is relatively narrow, generally less than 1 m thick. If this is typical of other detachment faults in the metamorphic infrastructure of the Scandinavian Caledonides, they may be relatively common, but not often recognized due to the detailed study needed to document them.  相似文献