Light scattering by complex particles in the Moon's exosphere: Toward a taxonomy of models for the realistic simulation of the scattering behavior of lunar dust     

D.T. Richard  D.A. Glenar  T.J. Stubbs  S.S. Davis  A. Colaprete 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(14):1804-1814

It is suspected that the lunar exosphere has a dusty component dispersed above the surface by various physical mechanisms. Most of the evidence for this phenomenon comes from observations of “lunar horizon glow” (LHG), which is thought to be produced by the scattering of sunlight by this exospheric dust. The characterization of exospheric dust populations at the Moon is key to furthering our understanding of fundamental surface processes, as well as a necessary requirement for the planning of future robotic and human exploration.We present a model to simulate the scattering of sunlight by complex lunar dust grains (i.e. grains that are non-spherical and can be inhomogeneous in composition) to be used in the interpretation of remote sensing data from current and future lunar missions. We numerically model lunar dust grains with several different morphologies and compositions and compute their individual scattering signatures using the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA). These scattering properties are then used in a radiative transfer code to simulate the light scattering due to a dust size distribution, as would likely be observed in the lunar exosphere at high altitudes 10's of km. We demonstrate the usefulness and relevance of our model by examining mode: irregular grains, aggregate of spherical monomers and spherical grains with nano-phase iron inclusions. We subsequently simulate the scattering by two grain size distributions (0.1 and radius), and show the results normalized per-grain. A similar methodology can also be applied to the analysis of the LHG observations, which are believed to be produced by scattering from larger dust grains within about a meter of the surface.As expected, significant differences in scattering properties are shown between the analyses employing the widely used Mie theory and our more realistic grain geometries. These differences include large variations in intensity as well as a positive polarization of scattered sunlight caused by non-spherical grains. Positive polarization occurs even when the grain size is small compared to the wavelength of incident sunlight, thus confirming that the interpretation of LHG based on Mie theory could lead to large errors in estimating the distribution and abundances of exospheric dust.  相似文献   

The scattering map in the planar restricted three body problem     

E. Canalias  A. Delshams  J. J. Masdemont  P. Roldán 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2006,95(1-4):155-171

We study homoclinic transport to Lyapunov orbits around a collinear libration point in the planar restricted three body problem. A method to compute homoclinic orbits is first described. Then we introduce the scattering map for this problem (defined on a suitable normally hyperbolic invariant manifold) and we show how to compute it using the information already obtained for the homoclinic orbits. An example application to Astrodynamics is also proposed.  相似文献   

非球形气溶胶粒子散射特性及其等效Mie散射误差分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

胡帅  高太长  刘磊 《气象科学》2014,34(6):612-619

为分析形状对气溶胶粒子散射特性的影响,采用T矩阵法计算了0.633μm波段(自然光)不同种类、形状的气溶胶单粒子与体散射的散射相函数,并讨论了气溶胶粒子形状畸变与等效Mie散射误差的变化规律。结果表明:粒子形状畸变对气溶胶粒子散射能量空间分布影响较大。对于单粒子,各散射角上的等效Mie散射误差并不随粒子形状畸变程度单调变化。从相对误差量级上看,形状畸变对180°散射的影响强于0°,对35°的散射影响相对较弱。对于两种非球形粒子等效方法,等表面积法优于等体积法。不同类型的非球形气溶胶粒子体散射存在显著差异,沙尘性与海洋性的等效Mie散射误差明显大于煤烟性与可溶性粒子;对于同一种气溶胶,形状的改变对侧向与后向散射影响显著,对前向散射影响不大。  相似文献   

Scattering and diffraction of earthquake motions in irregular,elastic layers,II: Rayleigh and body P and SV waves     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

We present our study of the wave propagation in an irregularly layered, elastic wave-guide excited by incoming Rayleigh surface waves and P and SV body waves. Our aim is to show examples of applying a method that will make it possible to analyze the distribution and amplification of displacements, rotations, curvatures, strains, and stresses on or below the ground surface during passage of strong earthquake ground motion. We employ the weighted-residuals method, which makes it possible to calculate the scattered and diffracted waves, and then we illustrate the amplification of motions in the vicinity of inhomogeneity.  相似文献   

Phase-space volume of regions of trapped motion: multiple ring components and arcs     

Luis Benet  Olivier Merlo 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2009,103(3):209-225

The phase-space volume of regions of regular or trapped motion, for bounded or scattering systems with two degrees of freedom respectively, displays universal properties. In particular, sudden reductions in the phase-space volume or gaps are observed at specific values of the parameter which tunes the dynamics; these locations are approximated by the stability resonances. The latter are defined by a resonant condition on the stability exponents of a central linearly stable periodic orbit. We show that, for more than two degrees of freedom, these resonances can be excited opening up gaps, which effectively separate and reduce the regions of trapped motion in phase space. Using the scattering approach to narrow rings and a billiard system as example, we demonstrate that this mechanism yields rings with two or more components. Arcs are also obtained, specifically when an additional (mean-motion) resonance condition is met. We obtain a complete representation of the phase-space volume occupied by the regions of trapped motion.  相似文献   

近红外波段凝结核性质对雨滴散射特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘西川  高太长  韩小冬 《气象科学》2010,30(1):42-47

用M ie散射理论,在已知大气气溶胶粒子的折射率基础上,计算并讨论大气气溶胶以及在其上凝结形成的雨滴的散射相函数、散射效率因子等散射特性。结果表明,对流层中气溶胶粒子的散射能力依次为水滴,冰晶,海洋性粒子,沙尘性粒子,水溶性粒子,煤烟。对于在可溶性核上凝结形成的雨滴,海洋性核的散射能力强于水溶性核的散射能力。由不可溶性核凝结形成雨滴的散射能力依次为煤烟核、冰晶核和沙尘性核。纯水雨滴的散射能力介于沙尘性核和冰晶核之间,强于海洋性核。该结论可以为光学测雨仪器在不同地区条件下的参数设置提供依据。  相似文献   

小旋转椭球粒子群轴向呈正态分布时的散射特性   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

胡方超  王振会  陈钟荣 《高原气象》2005,24(6):948-955

研究了小旋转椭球粒子群旋转轴的空间取向在正态分布情况下,几种基本取向的散射截面随分布方差、期望及波长的变化。并对结果做了讨论分析,以便为微波大气传输研究、大气微波遥感,尤其是为改进天气雷达定量测量的精确度提供依据。  相似文献   

饱和土沉积谷场地对平面SV波的散射问题的解析解   总被引：14，自引：8，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

李伟华  赵成刚 《地球物理学报》2004,47(5):911-919

把波函数展开方法用于饱和多孔介质中波的传播的研究中,给出了不同土层界面条件（透水条件和不透水条件）下具有饱和土沉积层的圆弧形沉积河谷场地对平面SV波散射问题的解析解. 其中沉积谷软土场地用饱和多孔介质的Biot动力学理论模拟,半空间场地用单相介质弹性动力理论模拟. 对于入射角大于临界入射角时,产生的面波的波函数用有限Fourier级数展开,这种方法适用于较大的入射波频率范围,这是现存的数值方法所不能比拟的一大优点. 文中算例分析了入射波频率和入射角对地震地面运动的影响.  相似文献   

山西夏季气溶胶散射特征的飞机观测研究     

封秋娟  牛生杰  李培仁  杨俊梅  申东东  李义宇 《气候与环境研究》2019,24(4):482-492

利用3个架次的积分浊度仪和PCASP-100X（Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe）机载观测资料,分析了2013年山西夏季空中有云、无云和少云3种不同条件下气溶胶散射系数的分布特征,讨论了气溶胶散射系数垂直变化与气溶胶数浓度、气象条件的关系,并结合HYSPLIT（Hybrid of Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model）后向轨迹模型研究气溶胶的运动轨迹和可能的污染来源。结果表明:山西夏季空中气溶胶总散射系数变化范围为0～499 Mm-1,晴空气溶胶数浓度和总散射系数明显大于有云和少云时。气溶胶总散射系数一般随高度的增加而递减。造成气溶胶总散射系数、数浓度偏高的原因有下垫面污染源多、风速小、相对湿度高以及逆温层的存在。550 nm波段气溶胶后向散射比大于0.1,粒径0.1～0.5 μm的气溶胶粒子对散射影响最大,说明山西空中细粒子污染比较严重。气溶胶总散射系数与数浓度有一定的相关性。引起气溶胶总散射系数、数浓度较高的气团传输路径主要为西南路径,局地排放的气溶胶大于远距离传输的气溶胶对散射系数的贡献。  相似文献   

A finite element-spherical harmonics model for radiative transfer in inhomogeneous clouds.: Part II. Some applications     

P. A. Cook  C. R. E. de Oliveira  J. D. Haigh  A. J. Goddard 《Atmospheric Research》2004,72(1-4):223

EVENT has been used to examine the effects of 3D cloud structure, distribution, and inhomogeneity on the scattering of visible solar radiation and the resulting 3D radiation field. Large eddy simulation and aircraft measurements are used to create realistic cloud fields which are continuous or broken with smooth or uneven tops. The values, patterns and variance in the resulting downwelling and upwelling radiation from incident visible solar radiation at different angles are then examined and compared to measurements. The results from EVENT confirm that 3D cloud structure is important in determining the visible radiation field, and that these results are strongly influenced by the solar zenith angle. The results match those from other models using visible solar radiation, and are supported by aircraft measurements of visible radiation, providing confidence in the new model.  相似文献