新疆焉耆盆地绿洲水盐双梯度下天然植被多样性分异特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王水献  董新光  刘磊 《冰川冻土》2010,32(5)

通过对焉耆盆地河畔带、荒漠带、湖畔带土壤水盐及地下水位和天然植被关系的分析,研究了干旱绿洲水盐过程与分异天然植被生长和绿洲生态的影响.结果表明:绿洲天然植被生物多样性取决水盐双梯度影响,盐分不断向湖畔积聚是引起焉耆盆地湖畔生态系统生境恶化的主导因子.绿洲内部河畔带物种多样性与地下水埋深关系表明,在埋深1.5m区域,随着地下水埋深的加大,物种多样性减少;在埋深1.5～3m区域内,随着地下水埋深加大,其物种多样性在增加;而当埋深在3～4m之间时,随着地下水埋深的加大,植物多样性呈明显减少趋势;而在埋深4m区域内,多样性指数波动不大.调查表明,随着埋深的变化,地表的天然植被草本、灌木、乔木也呈现明显的分异,地下水水盐条件制约植被分布、生存和演替,各种植被类型适应不同的地下水位和盐分特征.  相似文献   

有机酸盐热模拟产物中芳烃馏分特征及其地质意义     

雷天柱  夏燕青  靳明  邱军利  刘宗银  方琳浩 《沉积学报》2010,28(6):1250-1253

为了研究有机酸盐生烃演化特征,对有机酸盐进行了270℃、320℃、360℃、400℃和430℃一系列温度点的热模拟,实验结果表明,有机酸盐会大量转化为酮系列化合物,酮化合物最大产率阶段为320℃到360℃,其中360℃时产率最高,其转化率可达有机酸盐加入量的39%,400℃后产率急剧下降。这表明脂肪酸镁向酮系列化合物的最大转化温度段稍早或一致于有机质大量生烃阶段,但该类化合物对热较敏感,高温下不易保存,因此酮作为评价有机酸盐生烃贡献强度的指标只能适合于中—低温演化阶段的烃源岩。  相似文献   

渤海海域中郯庐深断裂带的结构模型及新生代运动学   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

漆家福周心怀  王谦身 《中国地质》2010,37(5):1231-1242

郯庐深断裂带自安徽庐江—山东郯城、沂水、安丘一线向北延伸进入渤海海域被新生代盆地沉积层和海水覆盖。根据区域重、磁力异常图解释的渤海海域的郯庐深断裂带位于莱州湾—渤海东部—辽东湾东部一线,总体走向NNE,对应于渤海海域NNE向地幔隆起带的东部斜坡。渤海海域新生代盆地与地幔隆起呈镜像反映,构成古近纪断陷的边界断层包括NE向、NNE向、NEE向、NW向和NWW向等多个方向,且多表现出铲式正断层的几何学、运动学特征。渤海海域新生代盆地在莱州湾—渤海东部—辽东湾东部发育有由2～4条走向NNE向、陡倾斜的基底走滑断层及相关构造变形组成的右旋走滑构造带,位置与区域重磁资料解释的郯庐深断裂带大致相当。综合深层地壳结构和新生代盆地构造特征有理由认为,渤海海域中新生代盆地中的走向NNE向、陡倾斜的基底走滑断层构造带的与深层至少切割莫霍面的深断裂带构成了一条地壳尺度垂向的强变形构造带。渤海海域的郯庐深断裂带在新生代时期郯庐断裂带并非只发生右旋走滑运动,在区域裂陷作用中控制古近纪断陷的伸展断层可能利用了深断裂带在浅层地壳的部分断层面,并且因为伸展位移在中地壳层中发生拆离滑脱,而深断裂带的右旋走滑位移才使浅层断层与深层断层保持紧密联系。  相似文献   

腾格里沙漠地区盐湖资源调查遥感应用研究     

刘国庆 《化工矿产地质》2010,32(3):163-167

通过对腾格里沙漠地区遥感影像信息分析与野外实地调查,圈定出大小盐湖122个,查明了盐湖的空间分布规律,划分了图兰泰湖-头道湖、白碱湖-西硝池、苏武山湖-汤家海、鸡龙同古-和屯、通古楼诺尔-巴彦达来五个盐湖分布区,对各分布区盐湖的成因类型、沉积特征、成矿规律及资源状况进行了研究,为进一步勘查、开发和利用本区资源提供了依据。  相似文献   

青海地区盐渍土分布规律及其独特工程特性探讨     

罗友弟 《岩土工程技术》2010,24(2):75-78,83

针对青海一些地区盐渍土当硫酸钠含量小于1%时也会产生盐胀,而超氯盐渍土却不会产生溶陷的事实,进行了较为深入细致的论证和研究。以数据、事实为依据,得出了与现行理论及规范有较大出入的论断。  相似文献   

日本海陨击事件与新生代东亚大地构造演化          下载免费PDF全文

傅恒  房晓璐  姜绍珍 《沉积与特提斯地质》2010,30(1):93-97

北太平洋及东亚地区在始新世左右发生了一系列重大地质事件:日本海发生开裂;日本西南和中国板块北部发生顺时针旋转(20°);NNW向运动的太平洋板块突然改变方向开始NWW向运动;郯庐断裂带由强烈断陷造成快速冷却事件;渤海湾盆地出现地幔热异常开始形成裂谷系;阿尔金断裂开始脉冲式走滑;贝加尔湖裂谷开始形成。这些重大地质事件的发生都与日本海陨击事件相关。  相似文献   

华北东部平原浅层高矿化弱渗透地下水的开发技术示范研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘少玉  靳盛海  韩双平  宋书红  王哲  周晓妮 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2010,40(1):114-120

开发利用华北东部低海拔平原浅层弱渗透含水层地下水,是挖掘水土资源潜力与提高光热生物环境资源利用水平的关键问题。通过借鉴国内外经验和现场勘查设计施工,在天津、沧州、衡水和济阳等地成功建立了"抽咸换淡辐射井"、"河水-雨洪水-潜水循环利用井"、"虹吸连通增采井"等不同类型示范工程,取得了在低成本条件下的良好效果。这既解决了淡水、微咸水、甚至是咸水地区的农业灌溉用水问题,也使浅层咸水大规模改造利用成为可能,为合理开发利用水土资源开辟了一条可行的途径。  相似文献   

南海北部深水西区中中新世混合沉积模式及控制因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨涛涛  吕福亮  王彬  胡冰  贺晓苏  鲁银涛 《海相油气地质》2010,15(4)

以新采集的地震资料为基础,对南海北部深水西区的混合沉积作了初步研究。混合沉积在地震剖面上表现为平行—亚平行,振幅强—中,频率中等及连续性中等的反射特征。混合沉积分布在研究区地震资料覆盖范围的西北角,发育规模较大,最大长度达44.7km,最大宽度33.2km,面积1084km2,最大厚度为138m,纵向上分布在中中新统梅山组。综合南海北部构造演化、地震勘探等研究成果,建立了混合沉积模式。该混合沉积分布于半深海沉积区,由其南东东方向的西沙—广乐台地提供碳酸盐岩碎屑(同时也提供部分硅质碎屑),由其西侧的中南半岛提供主要的硅质碎屑。在南海北部深水西区,控制混合沉积分布的主要因素为构造作用(包括海平面变化)、物源供给及水动力条件等三个方面,这三者之间又具有密切的内在联系。  相似文献   

Characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the Yellow Sea in summer     

Fan Sun  Fei Yu  Guangcheng Si  Jianfeng Wang  Anqi Xu  Jun Pan  Ying Tang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(7):84-96

Frontal upwelling is an important phenomenon in summer in the Yellow Sea (YS) and plays an essential role in the distribution of nutrients and biological species. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the YS. The results show that the strength and distribution of frontal upwelling are largely dependent on the topography and bottom temperature fronts. The frontal upwelling in the YS is stronger and narrower near the eastern coast than near the western coast due to the steeper shelf slope. Moreover, external forcings, such as the meridional wind speed and air temperature in summer and the air temperature in the preceding winter and spring, have certain influences on the strength of frontal upwelling. An increase in air temperature in the previous winter and spring weakens the frontal upwelling in summer; in contrast, an increase in air temperature in summer strengthens the frontal upwelling. When the southerly wind in summer increases, the upwelling intensifies in the western YS and weakens in the eastern YS. The air temperature influences the strength of upwelling by changing the baroclinicity in the frontal region. Furthermore, the meridional wind speed in summer affects frontal upwelling via Ekman pumping.  相似文献   

Distribution characteristics of delta reservoirs reshaped by bottom currents: A case study from the second member of the Yinggehai Formation in the DF1-1 gas field,Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea     

Shuo Chen  Renhai Pu  Huiqiong Li  Hongjun Qu  Tianyu Ji  Siyu Su  Yunwen Guan  Hui Zhang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(9):86-106

The Dongfang1-1 gas field (DF1-1) in the Yinggehai Basin is currently the largest offshore self-developed gas field in China and is rich in oil and gas resources. The second member of the Pliocene Yinggehai Formation (YGHF) is the main gas-producing formation and is composed of various sedimentary types; however, a clear understanding of the sedimentary types and development patterns is lacking. Here, typical lithofacies, logging facies and seismic facies types and characteristics of the YGHF are identified based on high-precision 3D seismic data combined with drilling, logging, analysis and testing data. Based on 3D seismic interpretation and attribute analysis, the origin of high-amplitude reflections is clarified, and the main types and evolution characteristics of sedimentary facies are identified. Taking gas formation upper II (IIU) as an example, the plane distribution of the delta front and bottom current channel is determined; finally, a comprehensive sedimentary model of the YGHF second member is established. This second member is a shallowly buried “bright spot” gas reservoir with weak compaction. The velocity of sandstone is slightly lower than that of mudstone, and the reflection has medium amplitude when there is no gas. The velocity of sandstone decreases considerably after gas accumulation, resulting in an increase in the wave impedance difference and high-amplitude (bright spot) reflection between sandstone and mudstone; the range of high amplitudes is consistent with that of gas-bearing traps. The distribution of gas reservoirs is obviously controlled by dome-shaped diapir structural traps, and diapir faults are channels through which natural gas from underlying Miocene source rocks can enter traps. The study area is a delta front deposit developed on a shallow sea shelf. The lithologies of the reservoir are mainly composed of very fine sand and coarse silt, and a variety of sedimentary structural types reflect a shallow sea delta environment; upward thickening funnel type, strong toothed bell type and toothed funnel type logging facies are developed. In total, 4 stages of delta front sand bodies (corresponding to progradational reflection seismic facies) derived from the Red River and Blue River in Vietnam have developed in the second member of the YGHF; these sand bodies are dated to 1.5 Ma and correspond to four gas formations. During sedimentation, many bottom current channels (corresponding to channel fill seismic facies) formed, which interacted with the superposed progradational reflections. When the provenance supply was strong in the northwest, the area was dominated by a large set of delta front deposits. In the period of relative sea level rise, surface bottom currents parallel to the coastline were dominant, and undercutting erosion was obvious, forming multistage superimposed erosion troughs. Three large bottom current channels that developed in the late sedimentary period of gas formation IIU are the most typical.  相似文献