Accretion, feedback and galaxy bimodality: a comparison of the GalICS semi-analytic model and cosmological SPH simulations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrea Cattaneo  Jérémy Blaizot  David H. Weinberg  Dusan Kere&#;  Stéphane Colombi  Romeel Davé  Julien Devriendt  Bruno Guiderdoni  Neal Katz 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,377(1):63-76

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土体含水率监测的移动点热源法研究     

张婵青  何凤飞  姜顺航  曾子真  熊峰  陈江 《岩土力学》2022,43(7):2025-2034

土体含水率监测的线热源法对加热功率要求较高,当热源强度不稳定时,监测结果容易受到影响。为了解决线热源法的不足,提出了土体含水率监测的移动点热源（point heat source,PHS）法。该方法利用土体热物性与含水率之间的相关性,通过监测土体中PHS的降温规律间接识别含水率。通过数值模拟研究了点热源在含水率均匀分布的土体中的传热规律,根据热源降温曲线的特征,定义了含水率判别指标η,进而建立了含水率与判别指标的拟合关系,并对监测灵敏度的影响因素进行了参数分析。在含水率非均匀分布的土体中开展了点热源降温规律的数值模拟,根据测点降温时程曲线计算含水率判别指标,并利用含水率与判别指标的拟合公式反演含水率分布。结果表明,点热源法反演得到的含水率分布与实际值吻合较好,验证了该方法的理论可行性。通过模型试验进一步验证了该方法的可行性。  相似文献   

东北那丹哈达岭中—新生代构造-热演化史:来自(U-Th)/He和裂变径迹热年代学的证据     

杨雪叶  尹继元  肖文交  陈文  陈岳龙  孙敬博  张斌  王雅美 《地质学报》2021,95(12):3660-3675

中国东北的那丹哈达岭地区位于中亚造山带最东部,它的中新生代热演化史是认识陆内造山活动的关键,但该地区相关研究比较薄弱,其中—新生代的热演化史缺乏有效的约束.因此本文应用磷灰石裂变径迹、锆石和磷灰石(U-Th)/He等多种低温热年代学方法,对东北那丹哈达岭地区的侵入岩开展构造热演化历史研究.热年代学数据和热史模拟结果表明,该地区存在早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世(110～80Ma)、古新世—始新世(60～40 Ma)两期快速冷却事件,其冷却速率分别为3.42～4.81℃/Ma和1.43～1.83℃/Ma.结合区域构造和应力分析,我们认为两期冷却事件均受构造活动控制.第一期快速冷却事件是古太平洋板块北西向俯冲引发的构造叠加到鄂霍特莫茨克地块并与东亚大陆边缘碰撞引起;而第二期快速冷却事件是古太平洋俯冲的板片后撤使东亚陆缘处于伸展环境,造成东北大面积的剥露作用引起.这次研究增强了对东亚陆缘中新生代构造-热演化历史的认识,对于理解大陆内部造山带的构造变形过程与机理具有重要意义.  相似文献   

IMPROVING THE EFFECT OF GREENING ON HEAT ISLAND IN URBAN RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS ANALYSIS     

周红妹  葛伟强  杨何群  刘洁  杨燕丽 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(3):303-310

Analyzing the thermal distribution on plane conditions objectively is difficult due to lack of enough meteorological observation stations within urban residential areas. In this paper satellite observations synchronous or quasi-synchronous with ground observations are adopted, and a teleconnection model is built between the satellite spectral and surface temperature for quantitative retrieval of temperature. Furthermore, by combining the satellite data with other multiple factors, a GIS comprehensive analysis model and a functional evaluation method for urban residential districts are established, which are used to study the relation between the air temperature and media characteristics on ground as well as the greening cooling effect in recent years in Shanghai. The results show that the air temperature in greened urban residential districts is generally lower than the average temperature and much less than the highest one. In general, the average air temperature in the greened area is at most 1.19℃ lower than the maximum temperature in the districts, which is 0.67℃ and 0.55℃ lower than that of the highest for buildings and roads respectively. The temperature is inversely proportional with greening fraction but is directly proportional with the ratio of roads and buildings. The higher the greening fraction in internal residential districts, the lower the temperature, and the higher the ratio of road and building is, the higher the temperature.  相似文献   

Sound waves in the intracluster medium     

S. S. Shabala  P. Alexander 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,392(4):1413-1420

We present an analysis of the behaviour of a perturbed radio cocoon. Comparisons with observations of sound waves detected in the Perseus and Virgo clusters suggest the separations of observed ripples correspond to the natural oscillation frequency of the cocoon. An energy injection rate consistent with active galactic nucleus power is required to offset the strong acoustic damping of cocoon oscillations, suggesting the sources are in equilibrium with the intracluster medium (ICM), and the oscillations are effectively undamped. Viscous dissipation of sound waves provides ICM heating that can quench cooling flows on time-scales greatly exceeding the oscillation time-scale. Thermal conductivity is likely to be heavily suppressed.  相似文献   

Evidence for recent star formation in BCGs: a correspondence between blue cores and UV excess     

A. Pipino  S. Kaviraj  C. Bildfell  A. Babul  H. Hoekstra †  J. Silk 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(1):462-471

We present a joint analysis of near-ultraviolet ( NUV ) data from the GALEX ( Galaxy Evolution Explorer ) mission and (optical) colour profiles for a sample of seven brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the Canadian Cluster Comparison Project. We find that every BCG, which has a blue rest-frame UV colour, also shows a blue core in its optical colour profile. Conversely, BCGs that lack blue cores and show monotonic colour gradients typical of old elliptical galaxies are red in the UV. We interpret this as evidence that the NUV enhancement in the blue BCGs is driven by recent star formation and not from old evolved stellar populations such as horizontal branch stars. Furthermore, the UV enhancement cannot be from an active galactic nuclei (AGN) because the spatial extent of the blue cores is significantly larger than the possible contamination region due to a massive black hole. The recent star formation in the blue BCGs typically has an age less than 200 Myr and contributes mass fractions of less than a per cent. Although the sample studied here is small, we demonstrate, for the first time , a one-to-one correspondence between blue cores in elliptical galaxies (in particular BCGs) and a NUV enhancement observed using GALEX . The combination of this one-to-one correspondence and the consistently young age of recent star formation, coupled with additional correlations with the host cluster's X-ray properties, strongly suggests that the star formation is fuelled by gas cooling out of the intracluster medium. In turn, this implies that any AGN heating of the intracluster medium in massive clusters only acts to reduce the magnitude of the cooling flow and once this flow starts, it is nearly always active. Collectively, these results suggest that AGN feedback in present-day BCGs, while important, cannot be as efficient as suggested by the recent theoretical model by proposed by De Lucia et al.  相似文献   

Galaxies in a simulated ΛCDM Universe – I. Cold mode and hot cores     

Du&#;an Kere&#;  Neal Katz  Mark Fardal  Romeel Davé  David H. Weinberg 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(1):160-179

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Stochastic heating of cooling flows     

Georgi Pavlovski  Edward C. D. Pope 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,399(4):2195-2200

It is generally accepted that the heating of gas in clusters of galaxies by active galactic nuclei is a form of feedback. Feedback is required to ensure a long-term, sustainable balance between heating and cooling. This work investigates the impact of proportional stochastic feedback on the energy balance in the intracluster medium. Using a generalized analytical model for a cluster atmosphere, it is shown that an energy equilibrium can be reached exponentially quickly. Applying the tools of stochastic calculus, it is demonstrated that the result is robust with regard to the model parameters, even though they affect the amount of variability in the system.  相似文献   

中国东部气候年代际变化三维特征的研究进展   总被引：29，自引：14，他引：15  

宇如聪  周天军  李建 《大气科学》2008,32(4):893-905

围绕发生在20世纪70年代末的中国东部气候年代际变化,近年来,作者围绕着其气候要素变化的区域特点、在不同季节的表现特征和对应的大气环流变化等,进行了系统分析和讨论,较为全面地给出了其变化的三维空间结构图像,本文对这方面的研究进展进行了总结。研究表明,我国东部气候的年代际变化具有显著的三维结构特征,它与东亚对流层中上层温度的变化存在直接联系,具体表现特征随季节而变化。对流层中上层出现的年代际尺度变冷,一方面通过其上层的气旋式环流异常,使得东亚急流轴以南的西风增强,一方面通过其下层的反气旋式环流异常,导致东亚夏季风减弱。西风急流增强通过改变对流层中上层的辐散强度,触发独特的云－辐射反馈过程,对青藏高原下游地面气温变冷发挥重要作用;西风急流偏南和夏季风减弱,最终导致中国东部“南涝北旱”型降水异常。东亚对流层上层变冷和青藏高原下游地面气温变冷开始于3月,与近几十年来冬季北大西洋涛动(NAO)的增强趋势存在显著联系。从3月到9月,对流层上层冷中心的位置和强度随季节而变化:从3月到5月,冷中心逐渐南移并加强,5月移至35oN以南,导致中国东南部地区出现干旱化趋势;冷中心在7～8月的盛夏季节位于(40oN,110oE)附近,造成中国东部的“南涝北旱”型降水异常。该研究为评估大气环流模式和海气耦合模式的模拟性能、检验不同强迫因子在东亚气候年代际变化中的作用,提供了直接的观测依据。对参加WCRP组织的IPCC AR4“二十世纪气候耦合模式模拟”计划的19个耦合模式模拟结果的分析表明,在包括气溶胶和温室气体在内的实际外强迫作用下,目前的耦合模式难以模拟出发生在20世纪70年代末的东亚气候年代际变化。无论对东亚气候变化归因研究,还是对适合东亚气候的数值模式研发,本文都提出了新的问题。  相似文献   

Dew and rain water collection in the Dalmatian Coast, Croatia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Muselli  D. Beysens  M. Mileta  I. Milimouk   《Atmospheric Research》2009,92(4):455-463

Passive dew harvesting and rainwater collection requires a very small financial investment but can exploit a free, clean (outside urban/industrial zones) and inexhaustible source of water. This study investigates the relative contributions of dew and rain water in the Mediterranean Dalmatian coast and islands of Croatia, with emphasis on the dry summer season. In addition, we evaluate the utility of transforming abandoned roof rain collectors (“impluviums”) to collect dew water too. Two sites were chosen, an exposed open site on the coast favourable to dew formation (Zadar) and a less favourable site in a cirque of mountains in Komiža (Vis Island). Between July 1, 2003 and October 31, 2006, dew was collected two or three times per day on a 1 m² inclined (30°) test dew condenser, together with standard meteorological data (air temperature and relative humidity, cloud cover, windspeed and direction). Maximum yields were 0.41 mm in Zadar and 0.6 mm in Komiža. The mean yearly cumulative dew yields were found to be 20 mm (Zadar) and 9.3 mm (Komiža). Because of its physical setting, Komiža represents a poor location for dew collection. However, during the dry season (May to October), monthly cumulative dew water yield can represent up to 38% of water collected by rainfall. In both July 2003 and 2006, dew water represented about 120% of the monthly cumulative rain water. Refurbishing the abandoned impluviums to permit dew collection could then provide useful supplementary water, especially during the dry season. As an example, the 1300 m² impluvium at Podšpilje near Komiža could provide, in addition to rain water, 14,000 L dew water per year.  相似文献