通风管、抛碎石和保温材料保护冻土路堤的工程效果分析   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

吴志坚  马巍  盛煜  牛富俊  孙志忠 《岩土力学》2005,26(8):1288-1293

根据青藏铁路北麓河试验段2年以来的气温降温期的现场监测资料,对多年冻土区保护冻土路堤的3种典型结构型式的试验段（通风管路堤、抛碎石护坡路堤和保温材料路堤）各断面的地温规律进行了分析和积温计算。试验段初步计算结果表明,3种路基结构型式对于保护多年冻土区路堤均能起到一定的作用,为青藏铁路在多年冻土区保护冻土路堤的设计和施工提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

湖北铜绿山铜铁矿床成矿机制探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张宗保 《地学前缘》2010,17(5):296-305

以铜绿山铜铁矿为例,探讨了浅成岩体冷却过程中夕卡岩及夕卡岩矿床在接触带上的形成过程及其耦合条件。在铜绿山矿区,矿体主要产出于石英二长闪长玢岩与下三叠统大冶群碳酸盐岩的半岛状 岛链状残留、捕虏体接触带中,矿体与夕卡岩密切共生。此次工作根据大量野外观察,结合对已有资料综合研究,提出成矿空间为冷缩低压区的概念,即夕卡岩及夕卡岩矿床形成的起因是在岩浆固结后的岩石冷凝收缩过程中,在接触带上形成了一个能使流体持续汇聚和长期驻留的低压区--冷缩低压区系统。这个系统与岩浆期后热液的耦合,在超临界流体、CO2气体和临界转换作用的配合下,满足了夕卡岩型矿床成矿的需求,形成了铜绿山矿床。  相似文献   

多年冻土区路基边坡遮阳板降温过程试验研究   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

俞祁浩  潘喜才  程国栋  何乃武 《冰川冻土》2007,29(2):299-305

基于室内的系统试验,试验条件下研究发现遮阳板对热辐射的遮挡是有效避免路基坡面升温主要的因素;遮阳板下空气对流换热可及时带走遮阳板本身及遮阳板辐射产生的热量,这是避免坡面升温的重要补充;遮阳板下空气的有效流动,可以将坡面温度保持在较一般地表温度更低的水平上.由于遮阳板对下部空气层的限制作用,在遮阳板下产生“烟囱效应”,由此使得遮阳板下的空气流速得以大幅提高.青藏公路遮阳板试验段观测资料证明,通过遮阳板在路基边坡的实施,可以降低整个坡面年平均温度约3.2℃,并较天然地表低约1.5℃.  相似文献   

封闭块碎石层最佳降温粒径的室内试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赖远明  张明义  喻文兵  李双洋 《冰川冻土》2006,28(5):755-759

对不同粒径块碎石层在封闭条件下的降温效果进行了系列室内试验研究,试验中块碎石层厚度为1.3 m,采用的4种块碎石平均粒径分别为8.3 cm、14.8 cm、22.1 cm和27.1 cm.结果表明:在顶部温度(平均温度为正)周期波动条件下,4种粒径块碎石层均有一定的降温效果,但平均粒径为22.1 cm的块碎石层降温效果最好.经综合分析确定,封闭块碎石层在本试验条件下的最优降温粒径范围为20~30 cm.在全球升温与人类工程活动的背景下,即使路基表面平均温度升为正,只要合理利用块碎石层的降温特性,就可以达到有效保护其下部多年冻土的目的.  相似文献   

⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar thermochronology along a western Québec transect of the Grenville Province, Canada     

J. MARTIGNOLE  & P. REYNOLDS 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1997,15(2):283-296

Ar/Ar thermochronology on 24 hornblendes, 3 biotites, 2 muscovites and 2 K-feldspars, collected along a 400 km-long NW-SE geotraverse through the Grenville Province in western Québec, is employed to provide time constraints on the intermediate and low temperature stages of cooling of part of the Grenville orogen. In the Grenville Front zone, the c. 1000 Ma time of exhumation previously established from thermobarometric and isotopic studies, is supported by the hornblende age data presented here. From 60 km to 160 km SE of the Front, reworked Archaean migmatites of the parautochthonous Réservoir Dozois terrane (RDT; 1004 Ma-old metamorphic monazites) contain hornblendes with 972– 950 Ma cooling ages. Assuming metamorphic geotherms between 25 and 30 °C km?1, calculated cooling and unroofing rates are about 6 °C Ma?1 and 0.33 km Ma?1 in the P–T range 725 °C–800 MPa and 450 °C–400 MPa. Hornblendes from monocyclic rocks of the Mont-Laurier and Morin terranes (MLT and MT; monazite ages c. 1165 Ma) give ages of about 1040 and 1010 Ma, respectively. Calculation of cooling-unroofing rates from peak metamorphic conditions in this area is hampered by thermal perturbations associated with the still poorly dated Grenville collision which took place approximately between 1060 and 1020 Ma. Cooling ages of c. 900 Ma for muscovite and biotite and 860–810 Ma for K-feldspar, show that cooling rates decreased to around 1.5 °C Ma?1 under retrograde greenschist facies conditions in the MLT. On a time vs. distance diagram, the hornblende data define several distinct age ranges, suggesting that each terrane had a characteristic thermal history. Thus, cooling was diachronous and probably non-homogeneous throughout this segment of the Grenville orogen. The time-lag between the cooling history of the parautochthon (972–950 Ma) and the allochthons (1040–1010 Ma) is compatible with an earlier (pre-1040 Ma) peak of metamorphism in the allochthons. The Réservoir Cabonga allochthon was transported toward the NNW from its probable root zone in the MLT during the 1060–1020 Ma Grenvillian collision as a partially cooled slab. The remobilization of the Archaean parautochthon is attributed to this collision. In the Grenville Front zone, slightly older cooling ages and cooling rates initially faster than in the remaining part of the parautochthon are probably as a result of rapid (tectonic?) exhumation shortly after collision. The minor delay (20–30 Ma) in unroofing of the MT compared to the adjacent MLT is most likely related to post-1040 Ma extensional displacement along the Labelle shear zone. In terranes like those described above where metamorphism is diachronous, determination of cooling rates and the history of exhumation may be meaningless without a firm control on the regional structure. However, identification of contrasting cooling histories contributes to unravelling the independent movement of terranes.  相似文献   

^40Ar／^39Ar测年中的冷却年龄和变形年龄   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王勇生  朱光 《地质通报》2005,24(3):285-290

^40Ar／^39Ar法年龄数据的解释与Ar同位素在矿物中的封闭温度有关。冷却年龄只能限制变质——变形事件发生的时间区间,不能真正代表地质事件的发生时间。因此,必须想办法得到变形年龄。本文从封闭温度概念出发,探讨了压力、冷却速率、有效扩散范围和几何形态、颗粒大小、动力学参数等对矿物封闭温度的影响,介绍了新近提出的“封闭窗”概念,并讨论了在什么情况下可以获得变形年龄。  相似文献   

一套小型化杜瓦的机械结构     

陈林飞  许骏楼柯 《天文研究与技术》2001,(4):52-55

随着天文实测的发展,对小型化杜瓦出现了一定需求.本文介绍了我们新设计的一套小型化半导体制冷杜瓦,给出了机械设计的要点,可供有兴趣的同行参考.  相似文献   

Chandra temperature and metallicity maps of the Perseus cluster core     

R. W. Schmidt  A. C. Fabian  J. S. Sanders 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,337(1):71-78

We present temperature and metallicity maps of the Perseus cluster core obtained with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We find an overall temperature rise from  ∼3.0 keV  in the core to  ∼5.5 keV  at 120 kpc and a metallicity profile that rises slowly from  ∼0.5  solar to  ∼0.6  solar inside 60 kpc, but drops to  ∼0.4  solar at 120 kpc. Spatially resolved spectroscopy in small cells shows that the temperature distribution in the Perseus cluster is not symmetrical. There is a wealth of structure in the temperature map on scales of  ∼10  arcsec (5.2 kpc) showingswirliness and a temperature rise that coincides with a sudden surface brightness drop in the X-ray image. We obtain a metallicity map of the Perseus cluster core and find that the spectra extracted from the two central X-ray holes as well as the western X-ray hole are best-fit by gas with higher temperature and higher metallicity than is found in the surroundings of the holes. A spectral deprojection analysis suggests, however, that this is due to a projection effect; for the northern X-ray hole we find tight limits on the presence of an isothermal component in the X-ray hole, ruling out volume-filling X-ray gas with temperatures below 11 keV at 3σ.  相似文献   

Heat flow maintained in ocean basins of great age: investigations in the north-equatorial West Pacific   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

C. R. B. Lister  J. G. Sclater  E. E. Davis  H. Villinger  S. Nagihara 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,102(3):603-628

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Assessment of the cooling capacity of plate tectonics and flood volcanism in the evolution of Earth, Mars and Venus     

P. van Thienen  N.J. Vlaar  A.P. van den Berg 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2005,150(4):287-315

Geophysical arguments against plate tectonics in a hotter Earth, based on buoyancy considerations, require an alternative means of cooling the planet from its original hot state to the present situation. Such an alternative could be extensive flood volcanism in a more stagnant-lid like setting. Starting from the notion that all heat output of the Earth is through its surface, we have constructed two parametric models to evaluate the cooling characteristics of these two mechanisms: plate tectonics and basalt extrusion/flood volcanism. Our model results show that for a steadily (exponentially) cooling Earth, plate tectonics is capable of removing all the required heat at a rate of operation comparable to or even lower than its current rate of operation, contrary to earlier speculations. The extrusion mechanism may have been an important cooling agent in the early Earth, but requires global eruption rates two orders of magnitude greater than those of known Phanerozoic flood basalt provinces. This may not be a problem, since geological observations indicate that flood volcanism was both stronger and more ubiquitous in the early Earth. Because of its smaller size, Mars is capable of cooling conductively through its lithosphere at significant rates, and as a result may have cooled without an additional cooling mechanism. Venus, on the other hand, has required the operation of an additional cooling agent for probably every cooling phase of its possibly episodic history, with rates of activity comparable to those of the Earth.  相似文献