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101.
三峡库区巫山移民新城址松散堆积体成因机制研究 总被引:25,自引:5,他引:20
以巫山移民新城址松散堆积体成因类型为例 ,对三峡库区分布较广的松散堆积体进行了研究。通过对大量新开挖剖面的调查测绘 ,在许多地段发现了堆积与基岩之间的滑坡主滑带 ,说明了在该区分布较广的松散堆积体成因具有复合性。它是构造和岩溶作用前提下形成的滑坡体、崩塌体、泥石流堆积体和岩溶坍陷堆积体。运用高分辨率浅层地震勘探揭示堆积体发育深度可达 40 m至 6 0 m ,通过面波测试可按波速将之划分为三层。最后 ,建立了松散堆积体形成演化的概念模型 ,并运用目前最新版本的离散元软件 (UDEC3.0 )对其中最为重要的一种类型滑崩堆积体的形成演化过程进行了模拟。结果表明 ,该区的层状岩体在长江河流下切过程中 ,形成了区域性的卸荷松动 ,而在岩体下部形成压碎张裂带 ;地下水沿卸荷拉裂带渗入 ,并与压裂带贯通 ,形成了岩溶发育带 ,为滑坡、崩塌、塌陷等表生改造提供了条件。 相似文献
102.
描述了胜利埕岛油田所在海域全年各季风、浪、潮汐、海流等的基本状况、产生机理及黄河三角洲区域对它们的影响。同时介绍了目前国内在深水及浅水区域几种海底电缆的铺设工艺 ,从施工机械到水动力学原理的角度 ,对其应用进行了技术上的分析 ,指出了每种施工工艺的优劣 ,并由此确定了较为理想的电缆埋设工艺和定位技术方案 ,使电缆铺设实际长度误差控制在设计长度的 1 %范围内 ,从而大大节省了工程投资费用。该工艺的选择和推广可为埕岛海上油田的开发创造较好的经济效益。 相似文献
103.
104.
Francesco Lalli Antonello BruschiRodolfo Lama Luca LibertiStefania Mandrone Valeria Pesarino 《Coastal Engineering》2010
In the present paper some numerical simulations and experiments were carried out to study jet-wall interaction in shallow waters. Namely, modifications of the hydrodynamic field concerning the interaction of river run-off with a shallow coastal water body, due to the presence of marine structures, were investigated. Stratification effects due to salinity and temperature were neglected, and the interest was focused on barotropic features (Coanda effect). The numerical analysis was carried out by means of shallow water equations, numerically solved by finite difference, and the present method was validated by means of a typical simple-shaped test case. The experiments were carried out in a shallow water tank, flow visualizations were performed, and the velocity field was obtained by PIV. The main features of jet-wall interaction flow were investigated in simple-shaped geometries, and applications were shown for two practical cases: Pescara channel harbour (Adriatic Sea, Italy) and the proposed design of Latina harbour (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). 相似文献
105.
The Upper Quaternary seismic stratigraphy and active faults of the Gulf of İzmit were investigated by means of high-resolution
shallow seismic profiling data in the source region of 1999 İzmit earthquake. High-resolution seismic reflection data correlated
with borehole data indicate that the stratigraphy of İzmit Bay consists of three distinct depositional sequences formed in
response to middle Pleistocene-Holocene sea-level changes. Reflector R, separating the pre-Holocene sequences (1 and 2) from
the Holocene sequence (3), represents an erosional unconformity produced by the subaerial fluvial erosion of the continental
shelves at the time of the last glacial maximum. Occasional, anomalous reflections (acoustic turbidity) observed within the
Holocene sequence are interpreted as gas accumulations. The maximum thickness of the Holocene sediments is found to be about
25 m. The isopach map of Holocene sediment implies that the thickness of the Holocene decreases from the east towards the
central and western basins of İzmit Bay. Two distinct fault systems are interpreted in İzmit Bay. The main fault system extending
roughly in an E-W direction along the Gulf of İzmit is an active right lateral strike slip fault with a normal component.
The secondary faults are normal faults striking in different directions and these are identified as being both active and
inactive. In addition, prominent compressive features are identified in the seismic cross-sections of some profiles acquired
to the east of Hersek Peninsula where the focal mechanisms of the aftershocks of the 1999 İzmit earthquake also reveal predominantly
reverse faulting mechanisms, as identified by a local dense seismic network. 相似文献
106.
A two dimensional implicit finite volume scheme for solving the shallow-water equations is developed. The effects of the Coriolis force, surface wind stress, and waves are included. A non-uniform rectilinear forward staggered grid is used with Cartesian coordinates. The time integration is performed using the Euler implicit technique. The convective flux is treated using the deferred correction method. The viscous terms are discretized using a second order central difference approximation. The SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations) algorithm is used for coupling the velocity components and the water elevation gradient for the water level correction. The system of equations is solved sequentially using the Strongly Implicit Procedure (SIP). To simulate wave driven current, a phase averaged wave model is used first to simulate wave transformation and calculate radiation stresses. The performance of the developed model is validated for different sources of external forces and different combinations of boundary conditions. The validation cases include tidal circulation in a harbor and wave induced currents behind a breakwater parallel to the coastline. The model is finally applied to simulate the flow pattern in a closed artificial lagoon and along the coastline near Damietta Port located along the Northern coast of Egypt. Results of the developed model agree well with the published results for the considered cases. 相似文献
107.
陈贤 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(4)
在弯曲疲劳试验机上对几组包含有不同 a/ w值的贯穿裂纹和不同 a、c值的半椭圆裂纹的构件进行弯曲疲劳实验。结果表明 ,对于 60 Si2 Mn A钢来说 ,无论是表面裂纹还是贯穿裂纹 ,在浅裂纹情况下 ,其断裂韧度值比深裂纹高出 2 5%左右。当 a/ w值大于 0 .1时 ,无论 a/ w如何变化 ,KIC值基本保持不变。裂纹形状对断裂韧度的影响也不明显。 相似文献
108.
介绍了山东省冠县的水文地质条件和地下水资源开发利用现状,分析了由于过量开采浅层地下水而引发的水位下降及水质恶化等问题,提出了合理开发利用地下水的建议。 相似文献
109.
110.
Lake ice supports a range of socio‐economic and cultural activities including transportation and winter recreational actives. The influence of weather patterns on ice‐cover dynamics of temperate lakes requires further understanding for determining how changes in ice composition will impact ice safety and the range of ecosystem services provided by seasonal ice cover. An investigation of lake ice formation and decay for three lakes in Central Ontario, Canada, took place over the course of two winters, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, through the use of outdoor digital cameras, a Shallow Water Ice Profiler (upward‐looking sonar), and weekly field measurements. Temperature fluctuations across 0°C promoted substantial early season white ice growth, with lesser amounts of black ice forming later in the season. Ice thickening processes observed were mainly through meltwater, or midwinter rain, refreezing on the ice surface. Snow redistribution was limited, with frequent melt events limiting the duration of fresh snow on the ice, leading to a fairly uniform distribution of white ice across the lakes in 2015–2016 (standard deviations week to week ranging from 3 to 5 cm), but with slightly more variability in 2016–2017 when more snow accumulated over the season (5 to 11 cm). White ice dominated the end‐of‐season ice composition for both seasons representing more than 70% of the total ice thickness, which is a stark contrast to Arctic lake ice that is composed mainly of black ice. This research has provided the first detailed lake ice processes and conditions from medium‐sized north‐temperate lakes and provided important information on temperate region lake ice characteristics that will enhance the understanding of the response of temperate lake ice to climate and provide insight on potential changes to more northern ice regimes under continued climate warming. 相似文献