The place of rural, remote and least-wealthy small islands in international water development: the nexus of geography–technology sustainability in Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia     

WILLIAM JAMES SMITH JR 《The Geographical journal》2008,174(3):251-268

Many least-wealthy, rural, remote and resource-poor small island communities are unlikely to benefit from high-profile global water improvement initiatives. Their small landmasses, geologic composition, geography, social and technological isolation, colonial history, and weak educational and financial resources constitute significant barriers to improving access to safe drinking water. This paper discusses the relatively unique position of such island societies in the international community, providing a case study of the Federated States of Micronesia that integrates data and information pertaining to water resources management and governance, spanning from the island village to national scale. A vision is offered regarding the interaction between small island human and biophysical water systems, manifesting ways to pursue water resource development to improve public health which are constructed to be economically, physically and culturally sustainable.  相似文献   

Classification of washover dynamics in barrier islands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ana Matias   scar Ferreira  Ana Vila-Concejo  Tiago Garcia  Joo Alveirinho Dias 《Geomorphology》2008,97(3-4):655-674

This study systematically classifies washover dynamics with reference to coastal changes along the Ria Formosa barrier islands (Southern Portugal). Identification of washovers using a sequence of 11 sets of aerial photographs dated between 1947 and 2001 allowed a classification to be developed based on: (1) overwash evolution (increasing, decreasing, or constant overwash processes); (2) the mechanisms promoting washover formation (exceptional to infrequent oceanographic conditions, washout processes, structural erosion, inlet dynamics, and human interventions); and (3) the mechanisms promoting washover cessation (berm development, structural erosion, dune development, inlet dynamics, and human interventions). A total of 369 different washovers were observed along the Ria Formosa barriers during the study period, with 209 washovers being formed in various types of dune morphology and 303 being obliterated. The number of washovers was relatively stable from 1947 to 1972, and increased dramatically between 1972 and 1976 probably as a result of the development of immature inlet margins and downdrift starvation. From 1976 to 2001, washover occurrences declined and their spatial dimensions decreased, leading to a decrease in overwash activity over this time. Overall, the dominant formation mechanisms of washovers in the Ria Formosa were inlet dynamics (accounting for 57% of washovers formed) and structural erosion (20%), with human intervention mechanisms accounting for 12%. The cessation of washovers was dominated by dune development (33% of the washovers obliterated) followed by inlet dynamics (24%) and structural erosion (19%), while human intervention mechanisms accounted for 13%. The classification should be of use for the coastal management of barrier systems including the definition of overwash-prone areas and the determination of the relative importance of the mechanisms contributing to washover formation and cessation.  相似文献   

On the influence of a non-cohesive fines content on small strain stiffness,modulus degradation and damping of quartz sand     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

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1600 K和20 GP温压条件下的顽火辉石电导率   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张宝华  吴小平  许俊闪  Tomoo Katsura  Takashi Yoshino 《地球物理学报》2010,53(3):760-764

在温度750～1600 K和压力10～20 GPa条件下,借助于Kawai-5000多面顶砧高温高压设备,就位测量了(Mg_0.9Fe_0.1) SiO₃ 顽火辉石的电导率.实验结果显示,顽火辉石的电导率在高温区以小极化子机制为主,在低温区以质子导电为主,因为实验后的样品中有一定的水含量.另外,X射线衍射实验表明压力（20 GPa）诱发了顽火辉石向林伍德石的相变,这是我们首次在顽火辉石的电导率实验中观测到林伍德石含水相变,而且含水林伍德石的电导率与已有的实验结果相当一致.  相似文献   

长山群岛与塞浦路斯休闲旅游业合作探讨     

江海旭  李悦铮  李鑫 《世界地理研究》2010,19(1):130-137

21世纪是海洋世纪、体闲时代,海岛以“4S”吸引物、古迹遗存和民俗风情,成为旅游者天堂;休闲旅游以休闲性、文化性、提升性、持续性、体验性和审美性,成为社会主流。以中国与塞浦路斯签署《旅游合作协议》为背景,从长山群岛与塞浦路斯休闲旅游业合作基础、合作模式、合作内容以及合作战略等方面,探讨长山群岛与塞浦路斯休闲旅游业合作,希冀课题对长海县旅游局编制秽十二五”旅游业发展总体规划》有一定的启发和借鉴意义。  相似文献   

采用体波谱振幅相关系数方法研究地震集中区震源机制变化过程   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

李霞  董翔  刘希强  苗庆杰 《地震工程学报》2010,32(3):231-236

同一震源区两次地震到达某台站的直达P波、S波零频观测谱值之比与其辐射图型因子之比线性相关,而后者取决于震源机制的几何特性。用波形记录计算谱振幅相关系数,认为该系数是震源机制异同的归一化数值描述。据此对2003年青岛序列及冀鲁豫交界地区小震集中区地震事件进行聚类分组,给出序列事件的滑动平均相关系数的时序曲线。研究结果表明:青岛序列的滑动平均相关系数时序曲线存在由一致到发散的变化过程,即震源区应力场强度由相对集中向逐步分散过度;冀鲁豫交界地区小震集中区谱振幅相关系数较低,震源机制各不相同,区域应力积累没有形成任何一个优势方向。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Seismic Activity in a 3-Dimensional Space before the Wen'an Earthquake,Hebei Province by Relocation of Small Earthquakes in the China's Capital Area     

Xue Yan  Zhou Longquan  Ma Hongsheng  Liu Jie 《中国地震研究》2010,24(4):404-414

Characteristics of seismic activity before the M5.1 earthquake in Wen'an,Hebei Province on July 4,2006 are analyzed by relocation of small earthquakes in the China's capital area,and some results are obtained as follows:① The seismic activity of M L ≥3.0 in the middle part of the Hebei plain seismic belt displayed a feature of strengthening (lasting 43 months) quiescence (17 months) five years before the Wen'an earthquake.Simultaneously,the strain release curve showed a variation process of accelerating-flatting.② A seismogenic gap in a three-dimensional space,located at the depth of 15km ～ 20km,with 70km long in latitude direction and 90km long in longitude orientation,was formed by M≥2.0 earthquakes four years prior to the Wen'an earthquake.The initial rupture point of the Wen'an earthquake is situated at the bottom of the gap.③ The focal depths of earthquakes with M L ≥2.0 in the middle part of the Hebei plain seismic belt gradually increased from 10km to 30km during the period from April,2003 to October,2004.Meanwhile,the seismic activity obviously strengthened in the middle and lower crust (from 20km to 30km in depth).  相似文献   

山西地区小震活动年频次分布特征研究     

梁向军  张蕙 《山西地震》2010,(2):1-7

对山西地区1970年至2008年的小震年频次分布用Klomogorov-Smirnov分布检验法进行检验,得出,山西地区的年频次累计次数与年频次有类似G-R的关系;由年频次分布随时间的变化关系分析,山西带及其北、中、南三个区域在中强震前,小震年频次的峰度、偏度、标准差、CV值、bm值等统计函数均表现出明显的变化。  相似文献   

西北小城镇的震害特点及防灾减灾     

雷中生  宋利萍  张蜜利  顾岩 《高原地震》2010,22(3):61-66

西北小城镇面临的地震高风险已成为人们关注的焦点。由于自然环境差、社会经济和城镇基础设施薄弱、民众文化素质低,加大了小城镇抢险救援的难度。另一方面,人口密度低、自救互救能力较强、震后引发的社会问题不突出,又成为有利的一面。了解西北小城镇的震害特点,有针对性地建立起防灾减灾对策,做好平时准备、震前防御、震时救援、震后重建的立体战略思想、战术和方法,就能很好地提高西北小城镇的综合防灾能力。  相似文献   

Ranking spaces for predicting human movement in an urban environment     

Bin Jiang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):823-837

A city can be topologically represented as a connectivity graph, consisting of nodes representing individual spaces and links if the corresponding spaces are intersected. It turns out in the space syntax literature that some defined topological metrics can capture human movement rates in individual spaces. In other words, the topological metrics are significantly correlated to human movement rates, and individual spaces can be ranked by the metrics for predicting human movement. However, this correlation has never been well justified. In this paper, we study the same issue by applying the weighted PageRank algorithm to the connectivity graph or space–space topology for ranking the individual spaces, and find surprisingly that: (1) the PageRank scores are better correlated to human movement rates than the space syntax metrics, and (2) the underlying space–space topology demonstrates small world and scale free properties. The findings provide a novel justification as to why space syntax, or topological analysis in general, can be used to predict human movement. We further conjecture that this kind of analysis is no more than predicting a drunkard's walking on a small world and scale free network.  相似文献