一个世界最早光象分类体系的探讨——复原先秦“十煇”的研究     

王鹏飞 《南京气象学院学报》1992,(2)

《周礼》十煇为世界最早的光象分类体系。其含义历来众说纷纭。有探讨、重建并评价的必要。本文比照历史上有影响的五家十煇定义,分析其含糊矛盾之处,提出复原十煇原义的三条原则,从而重建了十煇原义表,介绍了古代观测十煇的方法。最后对《周礼》十煇这个光象分类体系进行了评价。  相似文献   

GBPP－100型地面雨滴谱仪测量的可靠性   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈金荣  马生伟 《南京气象学院学报》1995,(2)

用ＧＢＰＰ－１００型地面雨滴谱仪与吸水纸斑，点法进行同步观测，对比分析ＧＢＰＰ－１００型地面雨滴谱仪测量的可靠性。结果表明：（１）两种方法测量雨滴谱所得资料除平均直径、均立方根直径相似性稍差外，其它特征量的线性相关显著性水平均为０．００５；（２）两种方法所得雨滴谱资料除平均直径、均立方根直径、降水强度稍有差异外，其它特征量均无显著差异。  相似文献   

台风“利奇马”不同强降水中心的雨滴谱特征分析     

申高航  高安春  李君 《气象科学》2020,40(1):106-113

在2019年台风“利奇马”台风暖区、台风与西风槽相互作用区及西风槽影响区分别挑选4个极端强降水中心,利用各站连续观测分钟雨滴谱资料和分钟降水资料,分析了不同站点和不同降水时段的雨滴尺度谱、雨滴速度谱、雨滴尺度—时间谱和雨滴速度—时间谱特征,研究了雨滴谱特征随时间的变化。结果表明:4个降水中心的雨滴尺度—时间谱和雨滴速度—时间谱存在明显差异,而过程的统计谱特征差异不明显;过程中不同区域的站点、同一站点不同的降水时段,雨滴尺度谱和雨滴速度谱主要为双峰型,尺度谱双峰中各站对应1.2 mm直径峰的位置一致,处于较小尺度峰的位置不一致;在较大雨强时,雨滴尺度谱上会出现单峰和三峰的情况,但比例较少;1.2 mm雨滴的高浓度区域与地面降水强度有非常好的对应关系,在1.2 mm雨滴的高浓度区域形成的过程中,地面降水逐渐增强,随着1.2 mm雨滴的高浓度区域逐渐瓦解,地面降水逐渐减弱,直至出现间歇。  相似文献   

Optical depth effects on the formation of spectral lines in rotating and expanding spherical atmospheres     

A. Peraiah  G. Raghunath  K. N. Nagendra 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1981,2(3):277-284

We have investigated the effects of increasing optical depths on spectral lines formed in a rotating and expanding spherical shell. We have assumed a shell whose outer radius is 3 times the inner radius, with the radial optical depths equal to 10, 50, 100, 500. We have employed a constant velocity with no velocity gradients in the shell. The shell is assumed to be rotating with velocities varying as 1/_ρ, where_ρ is the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation, implying the conservation of angular momentum. Two expansion (radial) velocities are treated: (1)V = 0 (static case) and (2)V = 10 mean thermal units. The maximum rotational velocities areV _rot = 0, 5, 10 and 20. In the shell where there are no radial motions, we obtain symmetric lines with emission in the wings forV _rot = 0 and 5 while forV _rot ≥ 10 we obtain symmetric absorption lines. In the case of an expanding shell, we obtain lines with central emission.  相似文献   

A unified theory of the formation of galactic bars     

V. L. Polyachenko  E. V. Polyachenko 《Astronomy Letters》2003,29(7):447-462

We give arguments for a basically unified formation mechanism of slow (Lynden-Bell) and fast (common) galactic bars. This mechanism is based on an instability that is akin to the well-known instability of radial orbits and is produced by the mutual attraction and alignment of precessing stellar orbits (so far, only the formation of slow bars has been explained in this way). We present a general theory of the low-frequency modes in a disk that consists of orbits precessing at different angular velocities. The problem of determining these modes is reduced to integral equations of moderately complex structure. The characteristic pattern angular velocities Ω_p of the low-frequency modes are of the order of the mean orbital precession angular velocity \(\bar \Omega _{pr}\). Bar modes are also among the low-frequency modes; while \(\Omega _p \approx \bar \Omega _{pr}\) for slow bars, Ω_p for fast bars can appreciably exceed even the maximum orbital precession angular velocity in the disk Ω _pr ^max (however, it remains of the order of these precession angular velocities). The possibility of such an excess of Ω_p over Ω _pr ^max is associated with the effect of “repelling” orbits. The latter tend to move in a direction opposite to the direction in which they are pushed. We analyze the pattern of orbital precession in potentials typical of galactic disks. We note that the maximum radius of an “attracting” circular orbit r_c can serve as a reasonable estimate of the bar length l_b. Such an estimate is in good agreement with the available results of N-body simulations.  相似文献   

Influence of wave groups on SSC patterns over vortex ripples     

Paul V. Villard  Philip D. Osborne  Christopher E. Vincent 《Continental Shelf Research》2000,20(17):1

Estimates of spatial and temporal variations in suspended sand concentrations (SSC) made with a multi-transducer Acoustic Backscatter Sensor (ABS) under a repeated wave group over a mobile rippled bed in the wave research flume at the National Hydraulics Laboratory in Ottawa, Canada, reveal an number of complex and intriguing patterns. Ensemble averages of 8 nearly identical wave groups provided much more robust estimates of SSC and allowed a detailed examination of the wave group effects. The largest SSC near the bed (< 0.10 m) occurs in phase with the largest waves in the group. Above approximately 0.10 m elevation, SSC lags behind the near bed SSC by as much as 2–3 waves; introducing significant curvature (on a semi-log plot) to the SSC profile. The log linear segments of the SSC profile grow and decay systematically on the scale of the wave group. The range in lengths of log-linear profile segments ( 0.03–0.355 m) suggest that the boundary layer thickness also fluctuates throughout the passage of the wave group. Furthermore, there are significant variations in the patterns of SSC, which occur under the largest and smallest waves in the group. Under the largest waves vertical bands of alternating high and low SSC produce an intra-wave modulation in the upper water column ( 0.075–0.30 m). The equivalent horizontal excursion of these bands scales to the ripple length. Under the smaller waves the intra-wave modulation of the SSC disappears and is replaced by temporally homogenous suspension that expands vertically through several individual wave cycles. The former pattern of homogenous suspension appears to be associated with growth of a boundary layer due to the persistent uni-directional horizontal flow during this part of the group together with the persistence of antecedent bed generated turbulence and vorticity which maintains the suspension. The latter pattern of bands of high and low SSC indicates a strong temporal and spatial constraint on the SSC (phase coupling) induced by the presence of the bedforms which may be enhanced by strong reversals in both flow and vorticity under the large waves in the group.  相似文献   

Brussels: Five capitals in search of a place. The citizens, the planners and the functions     

Evert Lagrou 《GeoJournal》2000,51(1-2):99-112

The paper describes the different capital city functions that are accomodated in Brussels. There are in fact five different capitals in Brussels in search of a place. Their locations are conditioned by Brussels' eventful history. The analysis subsequently focuses on the rather negative relation between the local public intellectuals and the city's European capital functions. The location of the European headquarters within the existing urban fabric – unlike Luxemburg and Strasbourg – has caused residential expulsion and further confrontations with the local community during all expansions.Brussels has the most politically decisive institutions. The competition with Luxemburg and Strasbourg has in the past given rise to dubious building processes and hidden agendas regarding the further construction of the necessary space for Europe.Unlike most other capitals Brussels has a low degree of esteem from its citizens. The After-May 68- Movement reacting initially against the CIAM-realisations during the 1970s, continues its activities up until today against two highly symbolic projects: the North Station area called the Manhattan Quarter and the European Headquarters. The movement launched the term Brusselization on the international forum and continues to promote the negative image of its city – notwithstanding the complete change of the official urban planning.The article is a plea for the integration of the actual one-sided advocacy planning within a more comprehensive urban planning approach where strong and soft functions are more in balance. This can also improve the quality of the new European campus now under consideration to accomodate the entry of the East European states in the Union.  相似文献   

古亚洲与特提斯交汇带盆地群油气资源潜力   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

卢进才  陈践发  郭建军  王洪亮  李玉宏 《西北地质》2006,39(3):39-47

古亚洲与特提斯构造交汇带盆地群发育石炭系、侏罗系(中下统)、白垩系(下统)等多套烃源岩,具有厚度大、分布广、有机质丰度高的特点.石炭系烃源岩有机质进入成熟-过成熟热演化阶段,侏罗系烃源岩有机质已进入大量生油阶段,白垩系烃源岩也处于生油高峰,具有良好的油气成藏的物质基础;区内储集岩发育,石炭-二叠系储集层以低孔隙度、低渗透率为特征,石炭系储集层主要为潮坪-泻湖相沉积的碎屑岩,二叠系储集层为一套河流相粗碎屑岩;侏罗-白垩系储集层物性相对较好,以中孔、中渗,或中孔、高渗为特征,为以河流-三角洲沉积砂体;在石炭-二叠系、中新生代地层中均见到了不同级别的油气显示或获工业油流.存在3种不同的生储盖组合,即①自生自储式组合.②下生上储的间隔式组合.③潜山型组合.预测油气资源量36.85亿t,目前已发现的油气储量仅为1亿t,具较大的勘探潜力.  相似文献   

用几何光学方法计算雨滴散射光偏振度     

张后发 《气象科技》2006,34(2):194-196

在几何光学范畴内得出雨滴散射光平行与垂直振动强度和偏振度表达式,计算了波长为0.5847μm的雨滴散射光偏振分布。结果表明:散射角在55°~75°范围内,为明显的折射式偏振区,偏振度在0.2~0.3之间;散射角为82°~100°时,是强反射式偏振区,偏振度在0.8以上,最高达0.95;散射角100°~142°时,偏振度变化迅速,形成了尖锐的凹点,其偏振度与相应方向虹、霓的偏振度接近。用几何光学方法计算雨滴散射光偏振度,不影响计算精度,运算量明显减小。  相似文献   

Experiment Study and Interpretation on Relation between Modulus of Rock and Strain Amplitude     

Bao Xueyang 《中国地震研究》2006,20(2):190-201

INTRODUCTIONThe modulus of rock is one of the basic elastic parameters of the earth’s medium. Under theassumption of linear elastic theory and Poisson medium,other parameters can be calculated fromit .But the real earth mediumis nonlinear elastic and has not a simple linear relationship between stressand strain.This causes relatively big differences betweenthe dynamic andthe static modulus of rock.In nonlinear elastic theory,the Young’s modulusEis replaced bythe nonlinear elastic modul…  相似文献