非常规油气储集孔隙多尺度连通性的定量显微CT研究     

王玉丹  杨玉双  刘可禹  任玉琦  谭海  邓彪  杜国浩  谢红兰  肖体乔 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,34(1)

非常规油气储集孔隙结构复杂多样,以纳米级孔喉系统为主,局部发育毫米-微米级孔隙和裂隙。孔、裂隙大小、形态及三维连通性等微观结构特征对油气赋存状态、运移方式、渗流特征等地质问题研究具有重要意义。常规方法无法实现微纳孔隙多尺度三维结构及连通性分析。本文采用同步辐射多能CT技术,结合数据约束模型(DCM)方法对非常规油气储集微纳孔、裂隙研究,可实现多尺度三维可视化表征,进一步获得孔、裂隙体积统计分布及其三维连通结构等信息。基于上海光源显微CT实验平台,针对碳酸盐岩及陆相页岩两种样品,成功获得了孔、裂隙三维结构以及统计分布、三维连通结构等定量信息。实验结果表明,该方法有望成为非常规油气储集研究强有力的手段。  相似文献   

Antecedent soil moisture conditions of different soil types in South‐western Ontario,Canada     

S. Nishat  Y. Guo  B. W. Baetz 《水文研究》2010,24(17):2417-2424

Soil moisture conditions prior to input design storms need to be known in the planning and design of urban stormwater control facilities using the design storm approach. Limited information is available on these soil moisture conditions which are commonly referred to as the antecedent soil moisture conditions. In this study, a deterministic continuous simulation model was used to simulate antecedent soil moisture conditions under south‐western Ontario, Canada, climate conditions. A wide range of different soil types were investigated and various statistical analyses on the simulated antecedent soil moisture results were performed. Frequency analyses illustrated typical distributions of antecedent soil moisture conditions and the influence of finer and coarser textured soil particles. Empirical equations were developed for the estimation of average antecedent soil moisture conditions based on commonly known soil characteristics. Satisfactory performance of the empirical equations was demonstrated by comparing between field average antecedent soil moisture data and empirically estimated average antecedent soil moisture values. These equations are therefore recommended for use in urban stormwater studies incorporating the design storm approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The SAI catalog of supernovae and radial distributions of supernovae of various types in galaxies     

D. Yu. Tsvetkov  N. N. Pavlyuk  O. S. Bartunov 《Astronomy Letters》2004,30(11):729-736

We describe the Sternberg Astronomical Institute (SAI) catalog of supernovae. We show that the radial distributions of type-Ia, type-Ibc, and type-II supernovae differ in the central parts of spiral galaxies and are similar in their outer regions, while the radial distribution of type-Ia supernovae in elliptical galaxies differs from that in spiral and lenticular galaxies. We give a list of the supernovae that are farthest from the galactic centers, estimate their relative explosion rate, and discuss their possible origins.  相似文献   

Abrupt variation in channel width along part of the River Severn,near Shrewsbury,Shropshire, England     

G. H. Dury 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1984,9(5):485-492

The River Severn, near Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, is formed by the union of the uppermost Severn with the Vyrnwy; both of these major headstreams drain from the Welsh upland. That part of the trunk Severn here under consideration has been under investigation for some years as exemplifying Osage-type underfitness. In the course of the investigation, a census was made of width between banktops on two reaches, and of water surface width on one of these reaches: the difference between the two types of width gives the value of a third type, the width of batter. All three width types produce Poisson distributions of frequency. Width, particularly width between banktops, varies rapidly in the downstream direction. In view of the observed Poisson distributions, transform rather than arithmetic values have been used in difference-of-means tests applied to variation along the channel: cube root transforms are the type selected. Although there is little to choose, on the study reaches, between arithmetic means and Poisson modes, the results obtained do suggest a query about the selection of the most appropriate width values, for instance for the purposes of channel morphology. All types of width are found to vary along the channel far more rapidly than would be expected from mere randomness. Variation in bank strength appears to account for about half the variation in width between banktops. The results obtained for batter width could be applied in the design of a sampling programme designed to identify local difference in bank strength.  相似文献   

In Situ Trace Gas and Particle Measurements in the Summer Lower Stratosphere during STREAM II: Implications for O3 Production     

A. Bregman  F. Arnold  V. Bürger  H. Fisher  J. Lelieveld  B. A. Scheeren  J. Schneider  P. C. Siegmund  J. Ström  A. Waibel  W. M. F. Wauben 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1997,26(3):275-310

In situ aircraft measurements of O₃, CO,HNO₃, and aerosol particles are presented,performed over the North Sea region in the summerlower stratosphere during the STREAM II campaign(Stratosphere Troposphere Experiments by AircraftMeasurements) in July 1994. Occasionally, high COconcentrations of 200-300 pbbv were measured in thelowermost stratosphere, together with relatively highHNO₃ concentrations up to 1.6 ppbv. The particlenumber concentration (at standard pressure andtemperature) between 0.018-1 m decreased acrossthe tropopause, from >1000 cm^-3 in the uppertroposphere to <500 cm^-3 in the lowermoststratosphere. Since the CO sources are found in thetroposphere, the elevated CO mixing ratios areattributed to mixing of polluted tropospheric air intothe lowermost extratropical stratosphere. Further wehave used a chemical model to illustrate that nitrogenoxide reservoir species (mainly HNO₃) determinethe availability of NO_x (=NO + NO₂) andtherefore largely control the total net O₃production in the lower kilometers of thestratosphere. Model simulations, applying additionalNO_x perturbations from aircraft, show that theO₃ production efficiency of NO_x is smallerthan previously assumed, under conditions withrelatively high HNO₃ mixing ratios, as observedduring STREAM II. The model simulations furthersuggest a relatively high O₃ productionefficiency from CO oxidation, as a result of therelatively high ambient HNO₃ and NO_xconcentrations, implying that upward transport of COrich air enhances O₃ production in the lowermoststratosphere. Analysis of the measurements and themodel calculations suggest that the lowermoststratosphere is a transition region in which thechemistry deviates from both the upper troposphere andlower stratosphere.  相似文献   

Modeling fragmentation in two dimensions     

S. T. Hatamian 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,146(1):115-129

Three cellular automaton toy-models of fragmentation in two-dimensional lattices are explored. Of the three models, two can be considered in the class of simple bond percolation, and one as correlated bond percolation. Fractal fragment-size distribution in all models is found away from criticality, providing a certain fraction of the bonds is designated with considerably larger strengths than the rest in the system. As the fraction of these bonds is raised from zero, the fragment-size distribution transforms smoothly from exponential forms into a power law. Though each model takes a different path to the fractal distribution, they all show the same fractal exponent of 1.85(5). As might be expected in one dimension, the same models of their variants, failed to produce fractal distributions.  相似文献   

海洋底边界层中实测海流的垂直分布Ⅱ·潮流边界层     

乐肯堂  庄国文  宋金宝  侯一筠  朱兰部 《海洋与湖沼》2003,34(2):187-193

为了满足海洋工程设计的需要,作者从理论上研究了海底以上1－2m处潮流边界层的结构。把传统上用于稳定海流的底Ekman层理论发展成为用于潮流运动的振荡Ekman边界层,给出了潮流Ekman方程的解析解[式（32）－（35）],提出了对数边界层中潮流运动的方程组（式4－8）及其约束条件（式48）,并给出了潮流Ekman层与潮流对数边界层的匹配条件（式43）,还给出了计算浅海潮流垂直分布的解析表达式（36）－（39）。  相似文献   

Vertical Distributions of Larvae of the Clam <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ruditapes philippinarum</Emphasis> and the Striped Horse Mussel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Musculista senhousia</Emphasis> in Eastern Ariake Bay,Southern Japan     

Ryo?Ishii  Hideo?SekiguchiEmail author  Yasunari?Jinnai 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(5):973-978

We have examined the vertical distributions of planktonic bivalve larvae, particularly the clam Ruditapes philippinarum and the mussel Musculista senhousia which are common and abundant on tidal flats of eastern Ariake Bay, southern Japan. Submersible pumping gear was used to take samples at 2 stations every 2 hours during the spring tide over a whole tidal cycle and/or through daytime and nighttime. Water samples were pumped up from 3 to 5 depths from the surface to sea bottom. Regardless of tidal cycles, D-shaped larvae were concentrated near the surface, while umbo larvae were found at the surface to intermediate depths. On average, these larval densities were significantly higher at the station close to the shore than the offshore station, with no significant difference between daytime and nighttime and between flood and ebb tides at each station. The velocity and direction of water movement at both stations revealed remarkable difference between the surface and bottom waters. The larvae at the surface may quickly disperse and be transported elsewhere, while those in water close to the sea bottom may tend to be retained.  相似文献   

长江口邻近海域余流的基本特征分析     

孔亚珍  丁平兴  贺松林 《海洋科学进展》2007,25(4):367-375

根据2005年7月、2005年11月和2006年5月在长江口及其邻近海域进行的大范围水文调查资料,深入分析该海域余流的平面分布,垂直变化,大、小潮变化,季节变化等特征。结果表明,所测区域影响余流的因素很多,有底形、斜压、径流量、风应力、底摩擦、台湾暖流、浙江沿岸流、江苏沿岸流以及各因素间的相互作用。  相似文献   

Variations in the distributions of Centropages chierchiae and Temora stylifera (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and western European shelf waters     

Lindley  J.A.; Daykin  S. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2005,62(5):869-877

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