宁夏区域性强沙尘暴短期预报系统简介     

赵光平  王连喜  杨淑萍 《干旱气象》2001,19(2):25-26,30

通过对产生强沙尘暴天气三大因子的实时诊断 ,从强冷空气、热力不稳定和近地层环境分析入手 ,依据宁夏强沙尘暴天气预报的着眼点 ,在产生强沙尘暴天气的三维空间物理结构和动力过程所进行的动力过程相似检验前提下 ,建立对宁夏强沙尘暴有实际预报能力的综合指标和组合模型 ,在天气系统自动识别技术的支持下 ,应用螺旋度修正方案确定强沙尘暴落区 ,建立自动、客观化的强沙尘暴天气监测和预报系统。  相似文献   

GENERALIZED ENERGY CONSERVATION AND UNSTABLE PERTURBATION PROPERTY IN BAROTROPIC VORTEX     

黄泓  张铭 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2006,12(1):55-58

Based on a barotropic vortex model, generalized energy-conserving equation was derived and two necessary conditions of basic flow destabilization are gained. These conditions correspond to generalized barotropic instability and super speed instability. They are instabilities of vortex and gravity inertial wave respectively. In order to relate to practical situation, a barotropic vortex was analyzed, the basic flow of which is similar to lower level basic wind field of tropical cyclones and the maximum wind radius of which is 500 km. The results show that generalized barotropic instability depending upon the radial gradient of relative vorticity can appear in this vortex. It can be concluded that unstable vortex Rossby wave may appear in barotropic vortex.  相似文献   

Failure modes of the lineaments on Jupiter's moon, Europa: Implications for the evolution of its icy crust     

Atilla Aydin   《Journal of Structural Geology》2006,28(12):2222

Lineaments referred to as ridges, troughs, bands, and faults on the icy surface of Jupiter's moon, Europa, have long been interpreted as extensional structures due to brittle fracturing of ice and intrusion of mobile materials from the interior of the satellite. Based on detailed mapping and possibly analogous structures present on Earth, we propose that the kinematics and failure mechanisms of these structures are variable and more complex than previously thought. A dense network of structures of multiple generations, forming the background on the surface of the planet, is here interpreted as localized zones of volumetric strain, likely compaction and/or dilation bands. The next class of linear failure structures is shear bands with significant offset of pre-existing markers. A few additional phases of less pervasive but more prominent volumetric deformation bands overprint the shear zones and background network. The mode of younger features can be characterized as sharp, dilational, brittle fracturing and subsequent shearing, thereby producing comminution and fragmentation in various sizes, leading to a series of younger faults with detectable lateral, as well as vertical, offset. This rich variability in the nature of the distribution, localization, kinematics, and formation mechanisms, if true, suggests that the conditions prevailing within the crust of Europa must have changed dramatically over time. The implication of this conclusion is that structures interpreted to be compaction/dilation bands and shear bands on Europa are composed of deformed materials similar to the surrounding ice, whereas only the younger faults, developed by brittle fracturing and fragmentation, may be conduits for mobile substrate to reach the surface and thus offer the highest potential for recovering evidence for life in the satellite.  相似文献   

台风"云娜"中的涡旋Rossby波研究     

张瑛  袁子鹏  陈建萍  余晖 《气象与减灾研究》2006,29(4):1-5,F0002

运用非静力平衡中尺度模式WRF(V2.03),对2004年14号台风“云娜”在登陆后产生强降水的过程进行了42h模拟,并对螺旋云雨带的涡度场结构进行了分析。分析结果表明,WRF能较好地模拟出台风在陆地上的移动路径,及其产生的台风暴雨的螺旋状分布。台风螺旋云雨带的形成与维持,可以用涡旋Rossby波理论来解释:可以通过改变局地相对涡度径向梯度分布,从而沿台风径向激发出“局地涡旋Rossby波”。  相似文献   

台风“万宜”螺旋带的数值模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈雪景  黄泓  陈中一  王学忠 《气象与减灾研究》2010,33(4):9-15

利用数值模式WRF(V3.1.1)对2007年04号台风"万宜"进行了72h(7月10日00时-13日00时,UTC)模拟。结果显示,WRF模式较好地模拟了台风移动的路径以及强度变化,而且成功模拟了螺旋带的时空演变。模拟的多个要素均呈螺旋带波状特征,但螺旋带中的各物理量的空间分布并不相同。在热带气旋发展初期,螺旋带向眼壁靠拢,眼壁组织化后,螺旋带向外传播,此时,靠近眼壁的螺旋带的涡度、垂直速度等物理量大值区伸展到中高层,而局地激发产生的螺旋带则集中在下层,表现为正、负涡度交替出现的波列特征。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘一次强对流风暴雷达回波演变特征     

赵俊荣  郭金强  杨景辉  杨建成 《辽宁气象》2011,(1):21-26

利用Doppler雷达产品,结合常规观测资料对2008年7月25日中国准噶尔盆地南缘冰雹、强降水的雷达回波结构演变特征进行分析。结果表明：此次冰雹、强降水天气过程发生在西伯利亚至巴尔喀什湖冷槽东南象限的对流不稳定层结中,近低层至地面有中尺度辐合切变线。强风暴的演变可归为＂逗点—‘人’字形—螺旋形＂3个回波阶段,相应径向速度图上出现＂逆风区＂、中气旋和辐合区。冰雹的雷达回波强度中心值超过65 dBz6,0 dBz回波顶高为5.5 km,65 dBz回波顶高为3.0 km。垂直累积液态含水量由10 kg·m^-2增至70 kg·m^-2。强降水的雷达回波强度中心值达60 dBz,55 dBz回波顶高为3.7 km6,0 dBz回波顶高为2.2 km。垂直累积液态含水量由15 kg·m^-2增加至55kg·m^-2。Doppler雷达产品对冰雹、强降水天气监测预警具有指示意义。  相似文献   

The stability of the pristine magnetopause     

Fausto T. GrattonCharles J. Farrugia  Laurence Bender 《Planetary and Space Science》2003,51(12):769-783

A MHD theory of combined Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) and Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instabilities for a transition layer with two different scale lengths (Δ and δ for the variation of velocity/magnetic fields and density, respectively) is presented. The study is motivated by reports of magnetopauses with no low latitude boundary layer, in which a sharp density drop over a distance δ?Δ is observed (“pristine” magnetopauses (J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996) 49). The theory ignores compressibility effects and applies to subsonic regions of the dayside magnetopause. The RT effect is included to account for temporary periods of acceleration of the magnetopause, caused by sudden changes of the solar wind dynamic pressure. For small wavelengths λ, such that δ?λ?Δ, a WKB solution shows that the velocity gradient operates, together with magnetic tensions, to attenuate or even stabilize the Rayleigh-Taylor instability within a certain wavelength range. An exact dispersion relation for flute modes, valid for all λ, in the form of a fourth order polynomial for the complex frequency ω, is obtained from a model with a constant velocity gradient, dV/dy within Δ, and with δ→0. Flute modes are possible because of the existence of bands of very small magnetic shear on the dayside magnetopause (J. Geophys. Res. 103 (1998) 6703). The exact solution allows for a study of the change of the action of the velocity gradient with λ from the long-λ range where dV/dy is KH destabilizing to the short-λ range where dV/dy produces a stabilizing effect. Both, the WKB approximation and the well known tangential discontinuity model (Δ→0) are recovered as limiting cases of the exact solution. Properties of the KH and RT instabilities, for different density ratios on either side of the magnetopause, are described. For flute modes, at very small λ the RT instability grows faster and becomes the dominant effect. However, it is shown that the growth rate remains bounded at a finite value as λ→0, when a theory with a finite δ model is considered. To study configurations with finite, arbitrary, δ/Δ ratios, the MHD perturbation equations are solved numerically, using hyperbolic tangent functions for both the density and velocity transitions across the magnetopause. To examine the influence of different δ/Δ ratios on the growth rates of KH and RT, calculations are performed for different δ/Δ, with and without acceleration, and for two different density ratios. It is found that the general features exhibited by the constant dV/dy model, are confirmed by these numerical solutions. The stability of pristine magnetopauses, and the possibility of observing some theoretical predictions during magnetopause crossings in ongoing missions, are discussed.  相似文献   

大气能量学揭示的高原低涡个例结构及降水特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

董元昌  李国平 《大气科学》2015,39(6):1136-1148

从能量角度分析了发生于2010年7月21~25日的一次高原低涡天气过程及降水特征。定量讨论了高原低涡发展不同阶段显热能、潜热能和对流有效位能(CAPE)的时空分布特征以及各能量分量变化的原因。发现:(1)显热能在高原低涡生成初期是总能量变化的主导因素,潜热能则在高原低涡东移下坡之后对总能量的变化起主要作用;(2)潜热能的空间分布证实高原低涡在成熟阶段出现与台风类似的螺旋结构;(3)标准化对流有效位能(NCAPE)在高原低涡发展最强盛时呈现明显的空心结构;(4)高原低涡的降水主要分布在低涡中心的东南侧或南侧,这与高原低涡的环流以及能量分布特征有密切关系。  相似文献   

支气管扩张的影像诊断     

孙忠华  于红 《CT理论与应用研究》1997,6(2):44-47

支气管扩张（以下简称支扩）一直是肺部疾病的重要和常见病因。高分辨率ＣＴ使支气管成像发生变革，目前是继胸片和支气管造影之后诊断支扩的首选方法，它能更好地显示疾病临床特征和气管结构异常方面的相互关系。年来螺旋ＣＴ以其独特的成像特征成为支扩诊断的又一可靠方法。  相似文献   

深海锰结核中螺旋状超微生物化石的发现及其意义   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24  

张富生  周旅复 《高校地质学报》1995,1(1):109-116

对东太平洋深海瘤状锰结核透射电的系统观察和分析表明，瘤状锰结核的包壳，即奇异叠层石的建造者米级的螺旋状微生物、螺旋状微生物体的菌落呈圆盘状至不规则分枝状，菌落主下陷，营养菌丝体呈辐射状从中央向周围生长，营养菌丝体的束宽度为１７－６０ｎｍ，呈双分叉。生殖菌丝体由粗细不等的螺旋状丝体组成。螺旋状丝体的宽度３－２５ｎｍ，长度为３６－２００ｎｍ。螺环宽度为２－４ｎｍ、螺旋状生殖丝体分太、孢囊呈球形，深陷于  相似文献