华北地区一次长生命史超级单体雹暴特征观测          下载免费PDF全文

刘瑾  王丛梅  胡志群  李芷霞  刘笑  李国翠  杨洋 《气象科技》2022,50(3):390-402

对2020 年6 月25 日河北南部从保定涞源到沧州东光的超级单体雹暴环境条件、雷达观测及风场反演特征进行了分析。结果表明：①本次超级单体雹暴是在水平对流卷上触发起来并经过不断加强形成的。②超级单体雹暴长时间处于中等到强的基本顺时针旋转环境风的垂直风切变环境中、中气旋维持时间超过3 h以及较强冷池作用，是本次超级单体雹暴维持长生命史的可能原因。③对流单体VIL持续7 h基本维持在55～80 kg·m-2区间,与单体移动路径上降雹时段一致，超过4 h持续出现三体散射长钉或旁瓣回波特征，与本次过程中灾情调查和气象站观测到的大冰雹时间段基本一致，对大冰雹有较好指示意义。④超级单体雹暴出现钩状回波（低层）、回波悬垂“穹隆”结构、风暴顶辐散、ZDR柱和KDP柱等特征。“穹隆”顶部为65 dBz以上反射率因子，该处风场以垂直上升为主，水平风分量较弱，呈现出“穴道〖CD*2〗零域”结构，利于大冰雹增长。超级单体垂直速度随高度增大，利于中气旋形成和维持。  相似文献   

A Neural Network Based Single Footprint Temperature Retrieval for AtmosphericInfrared Sounder Measurements and Its Application to Study onStratospheric Gravity Wave          下载免费PDF全文

姚志刚  洪军  崔新东  赵增亮  韩志刚 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(1):82-94

Satellite hyperspectral infrared sounder measurements have better horizontal resolution than other sounding techniques as it boasts the stratospheric gravity wave (GW) analysis. To accurately and efficiently derive the three- dimensional structure of the stratospheric GWs from the single-field-of-view (SFOV) Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) observations, this paper firstly focuses on the retrieval of the atmospheric temperature profiles in the altitude range of 20-60 km with an artificial neural network approach (ANN). The simulation experiments show that the retrieval bias is less than 0.5 K, and the root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from 1.8 to 4 K. Moreover, the retrieval results from 20 granules of the AIRS observations with the trained neural network (AIRS_SFOV) and the corresponding operational AIRS products (AIRS_L2) as well as the dual-regression results from the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) (AIRS_DR) are compared respectively with ECMWF T799 data. The comparison indicates that the standard deviation of the ANN retrieval errors is significantly less than that of the AIRS_DR. Furthermore, the analysis of the typical GW events induced by the mountain Andes and the typhoon "Soulik" using different data indicates that the AIRS_SFOV results capture more details of the stratospheric gravity waves in the perturbation amplitude and pattern than the operational AIRS products do.  相似文献   

双频毫米波雷达反演云微物理参数的模拟研究北大核心          下载免费PDF全文

杨敏  黄兴友  赵泉钦  张正  杨恒祥  周红根 《气象科学》2022,42(1):12-23

根据雷达探测的云回波雷达反射率因子和多普勒速度,利用两种独立的双频反演算法,估算了云微物理参数。利用离散偶极子近似(Discrete Dipole Approximation,DDA)计算了云滴后向散射截面和衰减截面,根据模拟数据实验了三种频段组合的反演结果,探讨算法对滴谱参数、粒子形状的敏感性,比较两种方法反演水云和冰云的优劣。结果表明:双频比(Dual-Frequency Ratio,DFR)和多普勒速度差(Doppler Difference of Velocity,DDV)在水云中都可独立推导中值直径(D_(0)),但在高频波段,基于DFR的算法对雨、云水和水汽的衰减非常敏感,而基于DDV的方法受衰减的影响较小。鉴于高频波段衰减完全订正的困难性,水云的DDV反演方法比DFR更直接准确。对于冰云,DFR的技术相较于DDV的方法具有明显的优势,因为两频段处的DFR在冰云中的动态范围更大,而DDV的动态范围相对于系统和测量误差较小。  相似文献