Evaluation of ENVISAT ASAR data for sea surface wind retrieval in Hong Kong coastal waters of China   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

XU Qing  LIN Hui  ZHENG Quanan  XIU Peng  CHENG Yongcun  LIU Yuguang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(4):57-62

The C-band wind speed retrieval models, CMOD4, CMOD - IFR2, and CMOD5 were applied to retrieval of sea surface wind speeds from ENVISAT （European environmental satellite） ASAR （advanced synthetic aperture radar） data in the coastal waters near Hong Kong during a period from October 2005 to July 2007. The retrieved wind speeds are evaluated by comparing with buoy measurements and the QuikSCAT （quick scatterometer） wind products. The results show that the CMOD4 model gives the best performance at wind speeds lower than 15 m/s. The correlation coefficients with buoy and QuikSCAT winds are 0.781 and 0.896, respectively. The root mean square errors are the same 1.74 m/s. Namely, the CMOD4 model is the best one for sea surface wind speed retrieval from ASAR data in the coastal waters near Hong Kong.  相似文献   

Large-scale dune erosion tests to study the influence of wave periods   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.R.A. van Gent  J.S.M. van Thiel de Vries  E.M. Coeveld  J.H. de Vroeg  J. van de Graaff 《Coastal Engineering》2008,55(12):1041-1051

Large-scale physical model tests were performed to quantify the effects of the wave period on dune erosion. Attention was focussed on 2D cross-shore effects in a situation with sandy dunes and extreme water levels and wave conditions. Besides profile measurements, detailed measurements in time and space of water pressure, flow velocities and sediment concentrations were performed in the near near-shore area. It was concluded that a longer wave period leads to a larger dune erosion volume and to a larger landward retreat of the dune face. Tests with double-peaked wave spectra showed that the influence of the spectral shape on dune erosion was best represented by the T_m − 1,0 spectral mean wave period, better than the peak wave period, T_p. The effect of the wave period on dune erosion was implemented in a dune erosion prediction method that estimates erosion volumes during normative storm conditions for the Dutch coast. More details of the measurements and additional analyses of physical processes are described in an accompanying paper by Van Thiel de Vries et al. [Van Thiel de Vries, J.S.M., van Gent, M.R.A., Reniers, A.J.H.M. and Walstra, D.J.R., submitted for publication. Analysis of dune erosion processes in large scale flume experiments, In this volume of Coastal Engineering.].  相似文献   

44 years hindcast of sea level in the Atlantic Coast of Europe     

P. Sebastião  C. Guedes Soares  E. Alvarez 《Coastal Engineering》2008

The sea level of Northeast Atlantic Ocean is calculated for the period between 1958 and 2001 using a state-of-the-art barotropic model with a grid size of 10′ × 15′ (long × lat). The model includes astronomic effects, considering seven components of the tide, and the meteorological effects of wind and atmospheric pressure, allowing obtaining the astronomic tide, the atmospheric residuals and the non-linear addition of both components of sea level.  相似文献   

A real-time, event-triggered storm surge forecasting system for the state of North Carolina   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Craig Mattocks  Cristina Forbes   《Ocean Modelling》2008,25(3-4):95-119

A new real-time, event-triggered storm surge prediction system has been developed for the State of North Carolina to assist emergency managers, policy-makers and other government officials with evacuation planning, decision-making and resource deployment during tropical storm landfall and flood inundation events. The North Carolina Forecast System (NCFS) was designed and built to provide a rapid response assessment of hurricane threat, accomplished by driving a high-resolution, two-dimensional, depth-integrated version of the ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation) coastal ocean model with winds from a synthetic asymmetric gradient wind vortex. These parametric winds, calculated at exact finite-element mesh node locations and directly coupled to the ocean model at every time step, are generated from National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecast advisories the moment they are inserted into the real-time weather data stream, maximizing the number of hours of forecast utility. Tidal harmonic constituents are prescribed at the open water boundaries and applied as tidal potentials in the interior of the ocean model domain. A directional surface roughness parameterization that modulates the wind speed at a given location based on the types of land cover encountered upwind, a forest canopy sheltering effect, and a spatially varying distribution of Manning’s–n friction coefficient used for computing the bottom/channel bed friction are also included in the storm surge model. Comparisons of the simulated wind speeds and phases against their real meteorological counterparts, of model elevations against actual sea surface elevations measured by NOAA tide gauges along the NC coast, and of simulated depth-averaged current velocities against Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data, indicate that this new system produces remarkably realistic predictions of winds and storm surge.  相似文献   

基于行道树的道路快速提取和面积计算研究     

李成范  周廷刚  刘岚 《地理信息世界》2008,6(6)

在城市遥感中,道路自动(半自动)提取一直是研究的霞点.本文在现有道路自动(半自动)提取技术的基础上,结合高分辨率遥感影像中行道树的分布特点,从地学知识出发,利用归一化筹值植被指数、阀值分割、数学形态学算子及地理信息系统的分析功能等实现基于行道树的道路自动(半自动)提取和道路面积快速、自动计算.结论表明基于行道树的道路提取和面积计算方法具有一定的实用性.  相似文献   

改进的最优窗宽理论对年径流量的插值预测研究——以黄河利津等站为例          下载免费PDF全文

匡晓为  朱伟军  洪梅  白成祖 《大气科学学报》2018,41(2):258-266

针对小样本数据造成年径流量预测效果不理想的情况,以及非对称和非正态资料的处理问题,引入信息扩散和模糊映射思想,同时运用遗传算法改进最优窗宽理论,建立了新的扩散插值模型。该模型通过对零散数据点的信息进行模糊扩散,进而实现对有限数据点信息向其邻近区域点的概率插值。选取黄河利津站为例,根据其近70 a(1942—2011年)径流量实测数据,进行了缺损数据的插值和预测试验,同时与正态扩散插值模型进行对比分析,结果表明:1)预测值能较好地模拟实际径流序列的波形变化,对丰水年(如2007年)和枯水年(如2009年)的预报都比较准确;2)中长期预报(10a)平均相对误差仅为11.59%,相较传统方法有较大的改进;3)以黄河流域2个站点(花园口和兰州)和长江流域的3个站点(朱沱、宜昌和大通)年径流量预测试验以及海温资料的插值试验作为补充,验证了该算法的有效性和普适性。该模型可为实际水文数据资料的客观分析和中长期预报提供参考。  相似文献   

小生境遗传算法求解多峰问题在反演中应用   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

杨慧珠  张世俊  杜祥 《地球物理学进展》2001,16(2):35-41

基于反演问题的不确定性和目标函数的多峰性，引入改进的小生境遗传算法，求解出目标函数的若干个局部峰（或全局峰），然后利用先验知识，判定得到满意解，并利用褶积模型进行层速度反演，通过理论速度与反演速度的比较，验证了进行多峰优化的有效性。  相似文献   

Feedback Mechanisms For The Atmosphere And Ocean Surface   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yaocun Zhang  William Perrie 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,100(2):321-348

Two kinds of feedback mechanisms in the coupling process between the atmosphere and ocean surface are identified in this paper. One is a negative feedback mechanism, which is effective in the dynamic interaction processes through momentum flux exchange. In this mechanism,the ocean extracts momentum from the atmosphere as a forcing field to generate waves, which decelerates atmospheric motions, lessening the intensity of synoptic systems. The second is a positive feedback mechanism, which is effective in the thermal interaction processes through heat flux exchange. This is a mechanism that is effective in the transport of sensible and latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere from the underlyingocean surface. As a result, the atmosphere obtains energy from the ocean, which intensifies atmospheric motions. For storm conditions typical of North Atlantic mid-latitudes, we consider these thermal and dynamical nteractions, the dominance of one over the other, and related implications for storm intensification.  相似文献   

An Improved Method for Calculating Paleoheat Flow from Vitrinite Reflectance Profiles     

Tang Zhonghua  WU Yonghong  He Sheng  Siew P F 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(4)

lNTRODUCTIONIt is wel1 established that the vitrinite reflectance (R<, ) de-pends on the temperature history that a basin has undergone.In general, Ro is a function of maximum paleotemperature andeffective heating time. Thus, the paleotemperature of sedi-ments and the value of vitrinite ref1ectance are controlled by theflow of heat Q(t) into the basin and by the thermal parametersof the sediments. Therefore, in principle, it is possible to cal-culate the thermal vitrinite reflectance of …  相似文献   

On the impossibility of the co-existence of monsoons and severe storm surges in the Bay of Bengal     

Tad S. Murty  Venkata R. Neralla 《Natural Hazards》1992,6(3):281-285

The problem of storm surges is introduced briefly. The utility of passive microwave observations to study this phenomenon is pointed out. The reasons for the nonoccurrence of severe surges in the Bay of Bengal, during monsoon regimes, is discussed in this paper. It was demonstrated that the predominant reason for lack of severe surges over the Bay of Bengal coast is due to the absence of weak wind shear during monsoon seasons.Atmospheric Environment Service, Ice Center, Environment Canada, 373 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OH3.  相似文献