基于多元要素流的珠三角城市群功能联系与空间格局分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林勋媛  胡月明  王广兴  樊舒迪 《世界地理研究》2020,29(3):536-548

以珠三角城市群9个地级市为研究对象,结合当前热点网络开放大数据,对珠三角城市群内各城市的经济流、交通流、人口流和信息流的联系强度和作用方向进行测算与评价。借助赋值法分别对四种要素流的总量进行打分,以各城市的综合得分作为空间层级划分依据,提出关于“点—线—面”的空间互动格局,进而探索珠三角城市群未来的发展规划。研究结果表明：①从各要素流的联系强度上看,城市间的等级划分具有较高的重合度,说明四种要素流彼此之间相互联系、相互作用。从各要素流的作用方向上看,广州和深圳多作为区域内其它城市的首位空间联系城市,说明各要素流通常指向经济发展水平较高、通达性较好的城市。②从整体来看,珠三角城市群内部功能互动表现极度不平衡,一是中心城市占据了要素流强度的绝大部分,其余城市仅占据极小部分流量,两极分化严重;二是东西两岸发展不平衡,东岸发展水平明显要强于西岸发展水平。③广州、深圳、东莞和佛山等城市虽然在区域内起到了一定的辐射和带动作用,但是针对江门、肇庆等周边城市的辐射和带动强度仍有待提升,说明还需进一步优化珠三角城市群功能分工与产业布局,推进区域经济一体化。  相似文献   

“一带一路”沿线国家石油资源流动类型演变     

孙琪  赵媛  张新林  夏四友 《世界地理研究》2020,29(2):337-345

综合运用石油自给率、流动比率等方法,以“一带一路”沿线国家为研究对象,对1995—2014年各国石油资源流动类型时空演变进行研究。结果表明：1）1995—2014年石油净补给型国家数量较为稳定,无产型或低产型国家的石油贸易倾向变化相对较小;基本自给型国家数量占比最大,1995年占比1/2,其余四个年份占比稳定在1/3;净支出型国家数量显著增加,至2014年其中有5个国家保持不变,表明这些国家的石油产量具有较大的优势。2）1995年和2014年汇地国家均为39个国家,其中有34个国家一直保持汇地职能,空间分布上呈东多西少,南多北少,东西分化以西亚、中亚、东欧为界;有14个国家一直保持源地职能,其空间分布格局与汇地相应,西多东少,南多北少,主要分布于西亚、东欧及中亚;交流地数量较少,呈分散分布,且分布地不稳定。3）从数量变化来看,研究期内汇地略有增加,源地略有减少,交流地略有增加;“一带一路”源地总出口量与汇地总进口量的比呈逐年降低趋势。  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of hyperpycnal flows in an idealized river mouth     

Yan Wang  Houjie Wang  Naishuang Bi  Zuosheng Yang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Numerical experiments in an idealized river mouth are conducted using a three-dimensional hydrodynamics model (EFDC model) to examine the impacts of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), settling velocity of sediment and tidal mixing on the formation and maintenance of estuarine hyperpycnal flows. The standard experiment presents an illustrative view of hyperpycnal flows that carry high-concentrated sediment and low-salinity water in the bottom layer (>1.0 m in thickness) along the subaqueous slope. The structure and intra-tidal variation of the simulated hyperpycnal flows are quite similar to those previously observed off the Huanghe (Yellow River) mouth. Results from the three control experiments show that SSC of river effluents is the most important parameter to the formation of hyperpycnal flows. High SSC will increase the bulk density of river effluents and thus offset the density difference between freshwater and seawater. Low SSC of river effluents will produce a surface river plume, as commonly observed in most large estuaries. Both the settling velocity of sediment particles and the tidal mixing play an important role in maintaining the hyperpycnal flows. Increasing settling velocity enhances the deposition of sediment from the hyperpycnal layer and thus accelerates the attenuation of hyperpycnal flows, whereas increasing tidal mixing destroys the stratification of water column and therefore makes the hyperpycnal flows less evident. Our results from numerical experiments are of importance to understand the initiation and maintenance of hyperpycnal flows in estuaries and provide a reference to the rapidly decaying hyperpycnal flows off the Huanghe river mouth due to climatic and anthropogenic forcing over the past several decades.  相似文献   

Channelled erosion through a marine dump site of dredge spoils at the mouth of the Puyallup River, Washington State, USA     

Neil C. Mitchell   《Marine Geology》2005,220(1-4):131-151

Channels are relatively common on river-mouth deltas, but the process by which they arise from river sediment discharge is unclear because they can potentially be explained either by negatively buoyant (hyperpycnal) flows produced directly from the river outflow or by flows generated by repeated failure and mobilisation of sediment rapidly deposited at the delta front. Channels eroded through a dump site of dredge spoils are described here from multibeam and older sonar data collected in Commencement Bay, at the mouth of the Puyallup River. Shallow channels on the seaward upper surface of the dump site, away from any flows that could have been produced by delta front failures, suggest that at least some hyperpycnal flows were produced directly from the positively buoyant river outflow up to 200 m from the edge of the river mouth platform. The form of channel bed erosion is revealed by the longitudinal shape of the main eroded channel compared with the adjacent dump site profile. It suggests that the channel evolved by its steep front retreating, rather than by simple vertical entrenchment or diffusive-like evolution of the profile, a geometry interpreted as evidence that repeated failure of the bed occurred in response to shear stress imposed by bottom-travelling flows. Model calculations based on shear strengths back-calculated from the geometry of channel wall failures suggest that, if the main channel were eroded solely by hyperpycnal flows, their generation was remarkably efficient in order to create flows vigorous enough to cause channel bed failure. Besides the sediment concentration and discharge characteristics that have been considered to dictate the ability of rivers to produce hyperpycnal flows, it is suggested that the timing of floods with respect to the tidal cycle should also be important because extreme low tides may be needed to ensure that coarse sediment is transferred vigorously to the edge of river mouth platforms.  相似文献   

Two-dimensional,two-phase granular sediment transport model with applications to scouring downstream of an apron     

L.O. Amoudry  P.L.-F. Liu 《Coastal Engineering》2009

We present a two-dimensional, two-phase model for non-cohesive sediment transport. This model solves concentration-weighted averaged equations of motion for both fluid and sediment phases. The model accounts for the interphase momentum transfer by considering drag forces. A collisional theory is used to compute the sediment stresses, while a two-equation (k–ε) fluid turbulence closure is implemented. A benchmark sediment transport problem concerning the scouring downstream of an apron is carried out as an example and numerical results agree with existing experimental data.  相似文献   

Effects of commercial timber harvesting on streamflow regimes in the Plynlimon catchments,mid‐Wales     

M. Robinson  A. Dupeyrat 《水文研究》2005,19(6):1213-1226

This paper presents the first large‐scale British study of the impacts of commercial forest cutting on stream‐flow regimes. The 70% forested headwaters of the River Severn are part of the intensively instrumented long‐term Plynlimon catchment study into the impact of land use on stream flow. The forest area, comprising predominantly Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), was planted mainly in the 1930s and 1940s. Harvesting commenced in the mid‐1980s and over the study period about half the forest has been felled. Changes in annual water yield and extreme flows were studied in four nested catchments ranging in area from about 1 to 10 km² and compared with an adjacent benchmark grassland catchment. As expected from earlier process studies the cutting of the forest increased total annual flows. Less expected was the clear evidence that the felling augmented low flows. This informs a long‐standing debate whether upland forestry increases or reduces baseflows. A particularly notable result was the lack of impact of the harvesting on storm peak flows. This may result from the application of forest management guidelines designed to reduce soil damage and erosion during the harvesting, and indicates that the forest itself has a limited impact on flooding. These findings are timely because British forest expansion peaked in the 30 years following the Second World War, and large areas of these woodlands are now approaching economic maturity and will be harvested in the next two decades. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of Manning coefficient for small‐depth flows on vegetated beds     

R. García Díaz 《水文研究》2005,19(16):3221-3233

The limitations of Manning's formula are analysed when it is in extreme conditions, and more specifically with small‐depth flows on natural‐vegetation beds. A thorough analysis is made of research carried out on macro‐rough beds, placing particular emphasis on vegetated beds. Research carried out to date on the roughness of vegetated beds and macro‐roughness is commented on, including that carried out at the Laboratory of Hydraulics and Hydrology of the Forestry Engineering Faculty (Polytechnic University of Madrid). The work was done in two phases, the first in a laboratory channel with artificial vegetation and the second in natural beds. The results of the experimental research allow the development of a new approximate method of determining Manning coefficient according to the Froude number. This method may be applied in extreme conditions, both in small depths and steep slopes. It was proved that the Manning coefficient depends not only on roughness height, but also on depth and slope values; thus, it is advisable to choose the appropriate method for its calculation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Slow quasigeostrophic unstable modes of a lens vortex in a continuously stratified flow     

Hai Yen Nguyen  Richard Schopp  Xavier Carton 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(3):305-319

This work addresses the linear dynamics underlying the formation of density interfaces at the periphery of energetic vortices, well outside the vortex core, both in the radial and axial directions. We compute numerically the unstable modes of an anticyclonic Gaussian vortex lens in a continuously stratified rotating fluid. The most unstable mode is a slow mode, associated with a critical layer instability located at the vortex periphery. Although the most unstable disturbance has a characteristic vertical scale which is comparable to the vortex height, interestingly, the critical levels of the successively fastest growing modes are closely spaced at intervals along the axial direction that are much smaller than the vortex height.  相似文献   

On the stability of stratified plane couette flow     

E. Knobloch 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):105-116

Abstract

Unbounded stratified plane Couette flow is shown to be stable against small amplitude disturbances. The Brunt-Väisälä frequency is assumed to be constant. Both viscosity and thermal diffusion are included, and shown to be stabilizing.  相似文献   

Non linear waves in two dimensional keplerian flows     

E. Siregar  J. Léorat  J. P. Poyet  A. Pouquet 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(2):69-104

Abstract

Accretion discs in astrophysics are fundamental for converting gravitational binding energy into observed electromagnetic radiation. We study the behavior of waves in a two dimensional supersonic Keplerian flow inside a given gravitational potential. We present the effects of shearing and rotation on short waves, and the numerical study of the dynamical stability of such flows with respect to various perturbations. We show that a large class of dynamical effects, due to pressure and associated to short time scales, may be excited.  相似文献