排序方式： 共有43条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
坝上高原土壤不可蚀性颗粒与耕作方式对风蚀的影响 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：20
对河北省坝上高原农田土壤风蚀及其三个主要影响因素（土壤不可蚀性颗粒、土壤微地形和作物残余物）的野外观测和研究结果表明，在棵露平坦的秋翻地，土壤风蚀量随不可蚀性颗粒含量的增加而减少；春翻地土垄高度（犁沟深度）和留茬地作物残余物盖度的增加使土壤风蚀量大大减少，而且土壤微地形作物残余物和土壤不可蚀性颗粒的综合影响，对降低土壤风蚀量更为有效。据此认为，在防护林体系很不完善的坝上高原，只要实行合理的耕作方式，即秋季留茬、增加作物残余物，春季深翻，增高土垄（或加深犁沟深度）可有效地控制土壤风蚀、减轻风蚀危害。 相似文献
12.
O. W. Archibold A. Paterson E. A. Ripley J. Kort 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1998,18(4):375-395
North American ginseng is native to the deciduous forest region of eastern North America but is now cultivated in areas well beyond its natural range. In recent years an expanding market has attracted growers in climatically less suitable regions, including the Canadian prairies. The ginseng root requires at least four years to reach marketable size and is sensitive to injury when the temperature drops below about −4°C. Such temperatures are not unusual in the prairies; thus winter kill is a hazard that may limit ginseng production in this region of Canada. This study analyses the risks of winter soil temperatures falling below levels critical for the survival of ginseng in Saskatchewan. It appears that winter conditions may be too severe for reliable production of this lucrative crop, although application of straw mulch and additional benefits of trapped snow could reduce the risk of winter kill. 相似文献
13.
随着我国地膜使用面积的增加和人们对土壤微塑料污染问题的日益关注,大尺度的地膜遥感识别已成为农业生产管理、土壤污染防治的必要手段。针对地膜光谱反射特征的复杂性以及基于单一遥感影像光谱特征识别方法错分率高等问题,该文以河北省邯郸市邱县为试验区,利用GF-1数据的空间细节与Sentinel-2数据的光谱信息进行NN Diffuse Pan Sharpening融合,据此建立地膜识别的特征矩阵(NDVI、MNDWI、NDBI、IBI、PSI),基于该特征矩阵可实现自动阈值地膜分层分类识别。多种方法的地膜识别结果精度对比表明:多源光学遥感数据融合方法的总体精度为94.87%,Kappa系数达0.89,显著优于基于单一数据源的深度学习法的精度(93.14%)以及基于传统机器学习分类方法的支持向量机(85.91%)和随机森林分类法(86.78%)的精度;通过与Sentinel-2多光谱影像融合,弥补了GF-1数据光谱分辨率低的缺陷,实现了多源数据在地膜识别中的优势互补,可为相关部门农业规划与管理以及生态环境保护等研究提供大尺度、高精度的地膜分布参考数据。 相似文献
14.
干旱胁迫下秸秆覆盖增强玉米耐旱性的研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
田间试验于1994- 2000年在吉林省西部半干旱地区洮南市幸福乡实施,试验田包括露地栽培和秸秆覆盖栽培两个处理,覆盖区于玉米植株5叶期用粉碎的长度为2~3的玉米和小麦秸秆全面覆盖,随机区阻设计,重复4次,试验区每年重新安排,以免上一年的覆盖物对试验结果产生影响。于5叶期在每个小区的中部连续标记10株,以后跟踪调查记录,子粒达生理成熟时收获。研究结果表明:秸秆覆盖前处理与对照的土壤含水量无差异,而5叶期实施秸秆覆盖处理的土壤含水量显著高于对照,这种效应一直持续到7月的第二周。6月10日、6月25日和7月15日秸秆覆盖处理的土壤含水量分别比对照高12.86%、7.17%和2.86%,这就保证了玉米植株的根系和地上部生长发育对水分的需求。在半干旱地区及干旱年份实施秸秆覆盖处理可提高田间土壤水分含量、促进玉米植株中后期的生长发育、提高单株叶面积和干物质重、有利于雌穗分化发育、改善穗部性状、增加单穗粒数和粒重、最终增加子粒产量。因此,可把秸秆覆盖作为玉米综合抗旱栽培措施中的一项措施加以实施。 相似文献
15.
16.
砾石长期覆盖对土壤呼吸的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
砾石覆盖是西北黄土高原地区的传统保护性耕作技术,具有明显的蓄水、保墒、增温、压碱和保持地力作用。研究砾石覆盖农田系统中的土壤呼吸,有助于了解地面覆盖条件对CO2通量的影响和土壤健康状况。利用LI6400土壤呼吸系统对甘肃皋兰长期砾石覆盖农田(12年)不同覆盖厚度下的土壤呼吸进行了原位监测,并对环境因子与土壤呼吸的日变化相关性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)土壤呼吸的日变化与温度的变化一致,呈单峰型,砾石覆盖后土壤呼吸峰值出现在16:00—17:00,明显滞后于裸地出现的峰值时间(14:00—15:00),且峰值随着覆盖厚度的增加而减小;(2)土壤表层(0~10 cm)温度与土壤呼吸呈极显著幂函数关系(P<0.01),砾石覆盖降低了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性指数(Q10),覆盖后两次监测中Q10为1.78~2.87(2017年)和1.70~1.96(2018年);(3)砾石覆盖后提高了夜间土壤呼吸,导致土壤呼吸的日累积碳排放量显著提高,随着覆盖厚度的增加而降低,覆盖处理中厚度为11 cm最小的碳排放量两次测量分别为2.00 g·m-2和0.90 g·m-2,比裸地分别增加了15%和18%;(4)土壤特征因子中,土壤水分、pH与土壤呼吸累积碳排放量呈正相关,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、电导率与土壤呼吸累积碳排放量呈负相关。 相似文献
17.
Water accumulation in soil by gravel and sand mulches: Influence of textural composition and thickness of mulch layers 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The use of gravel and sand as mulch has been an indigenous farming technique for crop production for over 300 years in the semiarid loess region of northwest China. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of texture and thickness of gravel and sand mulch layers on soil water storage by field experiments. The texture experiment consists of three commonly used gravel mulch types: pebble, mixed pebble and sand, fine sand; and the thickness experiment consists of 1, 2 and 3-layers of 2 cm pebbles. Each treatment has three replications. The results indicate that gravel-sand mulches were more effective in conserving soil water, as compared with the bare soil treatment, and the mixed pebble and sand mulch was more effective to conserve soil water than the sole pebble or sand mulch. Soil water content increased with mulch thickness (the number of gravel layers), 1-layer treatment had an average soil water content of 10.85% at 0-60 cm soil layer after a rainfall of 10 mm, 2.42% and 4.92% less than the 2-layers and 3-layers treatments. From May to October in 2004, two and three layers of pebbles conserved 9.8 ± 6.6 mm and 20.0 ± 14.3 mm more water, respectively, as compared with the one layer of 2 cm pebbles at the soil depth of 0-100 cm. 相似文献
18.
秸秆覆盖免耕储水灌溉对春小麦耗水特征及灌溉水分利用效率的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在河西走廊的黑河流域中心试验站进行了秸秆覆盖免耕（NTS）储水灌溉对春小麦耗水特征及灌溉水分利用效率影响的试验研究。结果表明:①就春小麦全生育期耗水情况来看,NTS并没有减少土壤水分的消耗,只使春小麦的耗水在时间和空间上有所改变;②NTS的全生育期日均耗水量最高,而全年的日均耗水量最低,这主要是由NTS在休闲期时明显的保墒作用所导致;③为获取高产和提高灌溉水分利用效率,耕作方式为NTS且冬季储水定额为1 200 m3·hm-2的处理是最优的;④随着储水定额的增大,全生育期和全年的日均耗水量增大,而灌溉水分利用效率递减。若仅仅为提高节水效率和灌溉水分利用效率可以将冬季储水定额减少到750 m3·hm-2。 相似文献
19.
膜下滴灌棉花根系发育特征及其与土壤水盐分布的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨膜下滴灌条件下水分和盐分对棉花根系空间发育的影响,在花铃期选择相同灌溉制度、咸淡水灌溉的两个膜下滴灌处理田块采集距滴灌带不同距离、不同深度上的根系样品144 件。用1 mm 土筛和手拣将棉花根系从土壤中筛分出来,去除死根,冲洗干净后用扫描仪扫描成tif 格式图像,再用DT-SCAN 软件计算根长密度。对比分析发现膜下滴灌及盐胁迫条件下,咸水灌溉的根系分布范围较大,其总根长密度比淡水大31.69 mm/cm3,根系生长深度也远大于淡水灌溉。咸水灌溉根系分布主要受盐分胁迫,淡水灌溉根系分布主要受水分胁迫。水平方向上距滴头40 cm以远,水分胁迫对根系发育起主导作用。土壤体积含水率在20% 以上、电导率在2 000 μs/cm 以下时可以满足根系的正常生长发育。 相似文献
20.
Peter R. Robichaud Sarah A. Lewis Joseph W. Wagenbrenner Robert E. Brown Fredrick B. Pierson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(3):771-782
Large wildfires can have profound and lasting impacts not only from direct consumption of vegetation but also longer-term effects such as persistent soil erosion. The 2002 Hayman Fire burned in one of the watersheds supplying water to the Denver metropolitan area; thus there was concern regarding hillslope erosion and sedimentation in the reservoirs. The efficacy of various treatments for reducing erosion was tested, including hand scarification on contour, agricultural straw mulch, wood mulch, burned controls and unburned reference plots. Simulated rill erosion experiments were used both immediately after the fire and again 10 years post fire. To better understand untreated recovery, the same experiments were applied to control plots in post-fire years 1, 2, 3 and 4, and in unburned reference plots in years 4 and 10. Results indicate that control and scarified plots produced significantly greater sediment flux rates – 1.9 and 2.8 g s−1 respectively – than the straw and wood mulch treatments – 0.9 and 1.1 g s−1 – immediately after the fire. Mulch treatments reduced runoff rate, runoff velocity, and sediment concentration and flux rate. The straw mulch cover was no longer present, whereas the wood mulch was still there in year 10. Vegetation regrowth was slow and mulch treatments provided effective cover to reduce sediment right after the fire. In post-fire year 10, there were no significant differences in sediment flux rates across treatments; it is notable, however, that the wood mulch treatment (0.09 g s−1) most closely approached the unburned condition (0.07 g s−1). The burned control plots had high sediment flux rates until post-fire year 3, when flux rates significantly decreased and were statistically no longer higher than the unburned levels from year 4 and 10. These results will inform managers of the longer-term post-fire sediment delivery rates and of the ability of post-fire emergency hillslope treatments to mitigate erosion rates. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. 相似文献