两类ENSO背景下中国东部夏季降水的环流特征及关键系统   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王黎娟  蔡聪  张海燕 《大气科学学报》2020,43(4):617-629

利用全国160站逐月降水资料、74项环流指数、HadISST月平均海温资料以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,对比分析了两类ENSO事件衰减阶段中国东部夏季降水及相应大气环流的差异,并探讨其可能成因。结果表明:1)EP型El Ni?o(La Ni?a)事件次年夏季,中国东部降水由北至南呈正负正(负正负)的三极型反相分布;CP型El Ni?o(La Ni?a)事件次年夏季,中国东部降水由北至南呈正负(负正)的偶极型反相分布;2)El Ni?o事件次年夏季,西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称西太副高)及南亚高压均偏强,EP型西太副高偏西、南亚高压偏东,CP型西太副高范围更大、强度更强;La Ni?a事件次年夏季,西太副高及南亚高压强度偏弱,CP型强于EP型但弱于气候平均;3)El Ni?o事件期间西北太平洋上存在异常反气旋,EP型位置偏南,强度更强,持续时间更长,CP型位置偏北,范围更大;La Ni?a事件期间,西北太平洋区域至中国东南部存在异常气旋,EP型异常气旋的强度及范围均不及CP型;4)两类El Ni?o事件期间异常反气旋的差异可能与印度洋海盆增暖及太平洋海温持续性偏冷有关;两类La Ni?a事件期间异常气旋的差异可能由赤道西太平洋海温持续偏暖造成。  相似文献   

亚热带常绿阔叶林8种樟科树种细根化学计量特征     

卓鸣秀 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2019,14(1):17-22

为了研究亚热带常绿阔叶林樟科树种的细根化学计量特征,以福建省建瓯市万木林自然保护区天然常绿阔叶林中具有代表性的8种樟科树种(沉水樟Cinnamomum micranthum;浙江桂Cinnamomum chekiangense;黄绒润楠Machilus grijsii;桂北木姜子Litsea subcoriacea;闽楠Phoebe bournei;新木姜子Neolitsea aurata;香樟Cinnamomum camphora;黄毛润楠Machilus chrysotricha)为研究对象,分析细根C、N、P化学计量学特征随序级的变化规律及种间变异情况。结果表明:(1)树种、序级以及二者交互作用对细根C、N、P浓度及C/N、C/P和N/P均具有极显著影响(P<0.01)。(2)随序级增加,大部分树种的细根N和P浓度降低,而C/N和C/P比增大;随序级变化的变异系数C浓度最小,而P浓度最大。(3)不同序级的细根C浓度的种间变异系数均最低,而P浓度的则均最高,N/P比的种间变异系数亦低于C/N比和C/P比;不同序级细根的N、P浓度之间均具有显著的正相关。  相似文献   

1960?2017年北部湾珊瑚礁区海洋热浪增强原因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张文静  郑兆勇  张婷  陈天然 《海洋学报》2020,42(5):41-48

在全球气候变化、区域气候因素的共同作用下,海洋热浪频发,北部湾珊瑚礁正处于快速退化之中。探究海洋热浪逐年增强的机制,对预测珊瑚礁未来生长环境具有重要意义。根据北部湾东部4个海洋站(北海、涠洲、海口、东方)实测海表温度历史资料和该海域的相关气候资料,选取SSTA、DHM、DHW、DHD 4种指标,采用相关分析和对比分析法探讨该海域近58年海洋热浪的变化趋势及原因,结果表明:(1)1960?2017年北部湾东部珊瑚礁区海洋热浪爆发的强度及频率逐年波动上升;(2)海洋热浪逐年增强源于全球性的厄尔尼诺事件增多、区域性的高压系统增强及风场减弱等多因素共同作用;(3)全球变暖背景下造成的海洋热浪爆发对北部湾东部海域的珊瑚礁生态系统已经造成不利影响。  相似文献   

新疆2023年夏季高温的阶段性特征及环流演变     

曹萌  刘精  陈颖 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2024,18(5)

2023年夏季(6-8月)新疆平均气温偏高幅度居1961年以来第一位,高温日数居历史同期第一位,高温过程持续时间居历史同期第一位,高温覆盖面积最广。本文利用新疆105个国家级气象站监测资料,分析2023年夏季高温日数、最高气温、高温过程时长和高温过程覆盖范围等极端性特征的季节内演变,季节内各月高温特征总体呈现发展-强盛-消减的趋势,并运用NCEP/NCAR联合制作的位势高度场再分析资料对2023年夏季100hPa、500hPa层面高空环流的阶段性变化对比研究得出,新疆极端高温的季节内变化与南压高压和伊朗副高的强度、面积、位置的阶段性变化密切相关,当南压高压偏东偏北,强度偏强,伊朗副高增强,北移东进,青藏高原高压脊发展强盛,配合西太副高位置东伸,有利于新疆产生持续性极端高温天气过程。当南压高压为青藏高原型,伊朗副高主体位置偏西,有利于冷空气从北方进入新疆,造成阶段性降温天气,新疆极端高温过程减弱,持续时间缩短。  相似文献   

Summer phytoplankton blooms in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: Historical perspective and recent observations     

John E. Dore  Ricardo M. Letelier  Roger Lukas 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,76(1):2-38

The export of organic matter from the oceanic euphotic zone is a critical process in the global biogeochemical cycling of bioelements (C, N, P, Si). Much of this export occurs in the form of sinking particles, which rain down into the unlit waters of the deep sea. Classical models of oceanic production and export balance this gravitational loss of particulate bioelements with an upward flux of dissolved nutrients, and they describe reasonably well those areas of the ocean where deep winter mixing occurs. The surface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), however, are strongly stratified and chronically nutrient-depleted, especially in summer. Nevertheless, there is ample evidence that blooms of phytoplankton and subsequent pulses of particle export occur during the height of summer stratification in these waters, especially to the northeast of the Hawaiian Islands. These blooms impact regional bioelemental cycling and act as a food source to the deep-sea benthos. We review here numerous published observations of these events in the NPSG, and present new data collected at Station ALOHA (22.75°N, 158°W) during the first 176 cruises of the Hawaii Ocean Time-series program (1988-2005), along with results from transect cruises conducted in the region in 1996 and 2005. We suggest that the summer phytoplankton bloom can be considered a frequent, perhaps annual feature in the northeastern NPSG, and that its perceived stochastic nature is a manifestation of chronic undersampling in time and space. The bloom is typically dominated by only a few genera of large diatoms and the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. It appears to be consistently supported by dinitrogen fixation, but the fate of the organic matter produced during the summer depends critically on the species composition of the responsible diazotrophs. We estimate that the summer bloom is responsible for up to 38% of N₂ fixation and up to 18% of N-based new production annually at Station ALOHA. We hypothesize that the spatial distribution, timing and magnitude of the bloom may be determined largely by the physical and biological processes controlling new phosphorus delivery into the euphotic zone during the summer and the preceding winter.  相似文献   

The carbon dioxide system and net community production within a cyclonic eddy in the lee of Hawaii   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Feizhou Chen  Wei-Jun Cai  Yongchen Wang  Yoshimi M. Rii  Robert R. Bidigare  Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(10-13):1412

The dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and processes controlling net community production (NCP) were investigated within a mature cyclonic eddy, Cyclone Opal, which formed in the lee of the main Hawaiian Islands in the subtropical North Pacific Gyre. Within the eddy core, physical and biogeochemical properties suggested that nutrient- and DIC-rich deep waters were uplifted by 80 m relative to surrounding waters, enhancing biological production. A salt budget indicates that the eddy core was a mixture of deep water (68%) and surface water (32%). NCP was estimated from mass balances of DIC, nitrate+nitrite, total organic carbon, and dissolved organic nitrogen, making rational inferences about the unobserved initial conditions at the time of eddy formation. Results consistently suggest that NCP in the center of the eddy was substantially enhanced relative to the surrounding waters, ranging from 14.1±10.6 (0–110 m: within the euphotic zone) to 14.2±9.2 (0–50 m: within the mixed layer) to 18.5±10.7 (0–75 m: within the deep chlorophyll-maximum layer) mmol C m⁻² d⁻¹ depending on the depth of integration. NCP in the ambient waters outside the eddy averaged about 2.37±4.24 mmol C m⁻² d⁻¹ in the mixed layer (0–95 m). Most of the enhanced NCP inside the eddy appears to have accumulated as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) rather than exported as particulate organic carbon (POC) to the mesopelagic. Our results also suggest that the upper euphotic zone (0–75 m) above the deep chlorophyll maximum is characterized by positive NCP, while NCP in the lower layer (>75 m) is close to zero or negative.  相似文献   

一次副热带高压控制龙卷雷达回波特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘懿枢  马中元  袁春 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(3):35-43

利用江西WebGIS雷达拼图、单部雷达产品、常规天气、自动站和探空等资料，采用雷达气象学、天气学和中尺度分析等方法，对2020年8月21日江西省九江市都昌县出现的一次龙卷过程进行分析，结果表明：(1)龙卷发生在江西副热带高压(简称“副高”)控制下，地面温度锋区和湿度锋区为对流发生提供动力、热力和湿度梯度条件。(1)龙卷发生前，回波合并排列成短带；龙卷发生时，短带回波南端转为向南延伸发展，强回波边缘陡直，呈狭窄短带形态；60 dBZ强回波中心位于狭窄短带回波后部，都昌县龙卷产生在强回波之中。(3)龙卷回波速度场正负速度对明显，辐合较强，正负速度差值可达20 m·s^-1；低仰角正速度区面积较大，高仰角正速度面积减小。(4)反射率因子垂直剖面RCS(Reflectivity Cross Section)图上，强回波顶高在7 km以下；径向速度垂直剖面VCS(Velocity Cross Section)图上，具有速度辐合结构，达到弱切变标准。  相似文献   

Millennial- to centennial-scale anti-phase relationship between the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon and its cultural response along the Silk Roads after a great earthquake in southern Altay ~ 3500 cal a BP     

Jiawei Fan  Hongyan Xu  Hanchao Jiang  Xiaotong Wei  Wei Shi  Qiaoqiao Guo  Siqi Zhang  Xianzhou Bai  Xingqi Liu  Jule Xiao 《第四纪科学杂志》2023,38(1):123-137

It is strongly debated whether the Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are in-phase, anti-phase or out-of-phase, and how hydroclimatic changes in the above two climate systems affected trans-Eurasian cultural exchanges during the late Holocene. In this study, we establish a 3500-a-long paleoclimatic sequence based on high-resolution analyses of sedimentological and geochemical data of a well-dated sediment core from Yileimu Lake in southern Altay. High percentages of the >63-µm fraction and high values of Zr/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios indicate strong transport of weakly weathered, coarse sediments into the depocenter of the lake caused by enhanced surface runoff and catchment erosion associated with a wet climate, and vice versa. High values of Ca and total inorganic carbon (TIC) contents imply increased precipitation of endogenic carbonates in the lake water under intense evaporation associated with a dry climate, and vice versa. This new record indicates two wet intervals at 3500–2300 and 600–100 cal a bp , interrupted by a severe and prolonged dry interval from 2300 to 1000 cal a bp , and a mild dry interval with occasionally wet conditions from 1000 to 600 cal a bp. These results are broadly consistent with other paleoclimatic records in Westerlies-dominated Asia and are generally anti-phase with those in the EASM region. We suggest that a strengthening/weakening and southward/northward migration of the Westerlies during a negative/positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) transported more/less water vapor into arid Asia. Meanwhile, a decreasing/increasing El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) superimposed on a southward/northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) triggered a weakening/strengthening and southward/northward movement of the West-Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), resulting in decreasing/increasing EASM intensity. In addition, the wet climate from 3500 to 2300 cal a bp may have contributed to the development of nomadic herding in the eastern Eurasian Steppe and Altay region, and to the opening of the proto-Silk Roads. Potentially, intense seismic activities in the Altay Mountains ~3500 cal a bp may have also promoted the opening of the proto-Silk Roads by forcing the herdsmen to move to the inter-mountainous basins. The strong EASM intensity from 2300 to 1000 cal a bp in eastern China may have contributed to the creation of the ancient Silk Roads by the Han Dynasty.  相似文献