江苏气温长期变化趋势及年代际变化空间差异分析   总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22  

周晓兰  高庆九  邓自旺  陈海山 《南京气象学院学报》2006,29(2):196-202

根据江苏省60个气象站1961-2001年的逐月气温资料，研究了江苏气温的长期变化趋势和年代际变化特征的空间差异。结果表明：1）近40a来江苏省年平均气温升高了约1℃，其中冬季3个月（12月一次年2月）升温最明显，夏季7、8月降温明显。各季节和年平均气温年代际变化具有一定的相似性，基本上是20世纪60年代有降低趋势，70年代到80年代前期趋势不明显，80年代后期和90年代气温快速升高，因此，年、春、秋、冬季最高温度出现在90年代。其中夏季气温在90年代后期又有所下降，夏季最高出现在60年代。2）长期变化趋势和年代际变化在空间上也有一定的差异，这种差异主要表现在温度变化幅度上，春、秋、冬和年平均气温在全省都是升高的，其中苏南和江苏北部的徐连地区春、冬季和年平均气温升高最明显，秋季苏南地区升温最明显；夏季大部分地区气温有下降趋势，其中东部沿海和西南部降温最明显，而北部部分地区则有弱的升温趋势。  相似文献   

A comparative study of geothermal and meteorological records of climate change in Kamchatka     

V. Čermák  J. Šafanda  L. Bodri  M. Yamano  E. Gordeev 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2006,50(4):675-695

To reconstruct the recent climate history in Kamchatka, a series of repeated precise temperature logs were performed in a number of boreholes located in a broad east-west strip (between 52 and 54°N) in the central part of Kamchatka west of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski. Within three years more than 30 temperature logs were performed in 10 holes (one up to six logs per hole) to the depth of up to 400 metres. Measured temperature gradients varied in a broad interval 0 to 60 mK/m and in some holes a sizeable variation in the subsurface temperatures due to advective heat transport by underground water was observed. Measured data were compared with older temperature profiles obtained in the early eighties by Sugrobov and Yanovsky (1993). Even when older data are of poorer precision (accuracy of about 0.1 K), they presented valuable information of the subsurface temperature conditions existing 20–25 years ago. Borehole observations and the inverted ground surface temperature histories (GSTHs) used for the paleoclimate reconstruction were complemented with a detailed survey of meteorological data. Namely, the long-term surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation records from Petropavlovsk station (in operation since 1890) were used together with similar data from a number of local subsidiary meteo-stations operating in Central Kamchatka since 1950. Regardless of extreme complexity of the local meteorological/climate conditions, diversity of borehole sites and calibration of measuring devices used during the whole campaign, the results of the climate reconstruction supported a general warming of about 1 K characteristic for the 20th century, which followed an inexpressive cooler period typical for the most of the 19th century. In the last three to four decades the warming rate has been locally increasing up to 0.02 K/year. It was also shown that the snow cover played a dominant role in the penetration of the climate “signal” to depth and could considerably smooth down the subsurface response to the changes occurred on the surface.  相似文献   

Variations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">δ</Emphasis><Superscript>18</Superscript>O in precipitation from the Muztagata Glacier,East Pamirs     

Li Zhen  Yao Tandong  Tian Lide  Xu Baiqing  Wu Guangjian 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1):36-42

Expeditions to Muztagata (in the eastern Pamirs) during the summer seasons of 2002 and 2003 collected precipitation samples and measured their oxygen isotopes. The δ ¹⁸O in precipitation displays a wide range, varying from −17.40‰ to +1.33‰ in June-September 2002 and from −22.31‰ to +4.59‰ in May-August 2003. The δ ¹⁸O in precipitation correlates with the initial temperature of precipitation during the observing periods. The positive correlation between δ ¹⁸O and temperature suggests that δ ¹⁸O can be used as an indicator of temperature in this region. The δ ¹⁸O values in fresh-snow samples collected from two snow events at different elevations on the Muztagata Glacier show a strong “altitude effect”, with a ratio of nearly −0.40% per 100 m from 5500 m to 7450 m.  相似文献   

Study on NDVI- T _s space by combining LAI and evapotranspiration     

Han Lijuan  Wang Pengxin  Yang Hua  Liu Shaomin  Wang Jindi 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(7):747-754

This paper focuses on interpreting the different spatial relationships between NDVI and T _s, a triangular or a trapezoid, and on analyzing transformation conditions, the physical and ecological meanings of the vegetation index-surface temperature space as well. Further, we use the Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) to explain the existent meaning of a triangular space after NDVI reaches its saturated state by employing the relationships between NDVI, LAI and evapotranspiration. The specific relations between NDVI and T _s are useful for describing, validating and updating land surface models.  相似文献   

δ18O record and temperature change over the past 100 years in ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau     

YAO Tandong  GUO Xuejun  Lonnie Thompson  DUAN Keqin  WANG Ninglian  PU Jianchen  XU Baiqing  YANG Xiaoxin  SUN Weizhen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1)

The 213 m ice core from the Puruogangri Ice Field on the Tibetan Plateau facilitates the study of the regional temperature changes with its δ18O record of the past 100 years. Here we combine information from this core with that from the Dasuopu ice core (from the southern Tibetan Plateau), the Guliya ice core (from the northwestern Plateau) and the Dunde ice core (from the northeastern Plateau) to learn about the regional differences in temperature change across the Tibetan Plateau. The δ18O changes vary with region on the Plateau, the variations being especially large between South and North and between East and West. Moreover, these four ice cores present increasing δ18O trends, indicating warming on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 100 years. A comparative study of Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature changes, the δ18O-reflected temperature changes on the Plateau, and available meteorological records show consistent trends in overall warming during the past 100 years.  相似文献   

Relationships between δ18O in summer precipitation and temperature and moisture trajectories at Muztagata, western China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YU Wusheng  YAO Tandong  TIAN Lide  LI Zhen  SUN Weizhen  WANG Yu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1)

Based on summer observations of stable isotope of precipitation at Muztagata, western China, during 2002―2003, this paper presents the relationship between δ18O in precipitation and air temperature, and discusses the effect of moisture transport on δ18O in precipitation. Results show that air temperature correlates positively with δ18O in precipitation, and the temperature effect controls the δ18O of precipitation in this area. The Muztagata region exhibits high δ18O values in summer precipitation, similar to those shown at stations in adjacent regions. According to the results of our model set up to trace the moisture trajectories, the westerlies and local moisture circulation contribute to variations of oxygen isotopes in precipitation. In addition, the impacts of the moisture transport distance, the moisture transport level, and the incursion of the polar air mass also influence the variations of δ18O in precipitation. The moisture origins and transport mechanisms also contribute to the variation of δ18O in precipitation at Muztagata.  相似文献   

东北夏季气温变异的区域差异及其与大气环流和海表温度的关系   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

孙建奇  王会军 《地球物理学报》2006,49(3):662-671

利用1951～2000年中国东北地区23个台站资料，对东北夏季气温的时空分布进行了研究，发现其变化除具有整体的一致性外，东北南部和北部的夏季气温在年际和年代际时间尺度都表现出很大不同，其中北部区域的夏季气温在1987～1988年间发生了一次显著的气候突变. 另外，剔除夏季气温全区一致变化的年份后，南北两区夏季气温与大气环流和海表温度的关系表明：突变前，影响北部和南部冷/热夏季的大气环流形势存在显著的不同，关键海域亦有很大差异：影响南部的为中纬度西太平洋和印度洋部分海域，影响北部的主要为ENSO事件；突变后，两区的夏季气温及相应大气环流和关键海区都趋于一致. 在整个分析时段内，北部夏季气温与东亚夏季风存在显著负相关，而南部的关系则不明显.  相似文献   

Cloud condensation nuclei measurements at Mace Head, Ireland, over the period 1994–2002     

Luke Reade  S.G. Jennings  Gobnait McSweeney 《Atmospheric Research》2006,82(3-4):610

Analyses of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations (cm^− 3) measured at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station, near Carna, County Galway, Ireland, using a DH Associates Model M1 static thermal diffusion cloud chamber over the period from March 1994 to September 2002 are presented in this work. Air masses are defined as being ‘marine’ if they originate from a wind direction of 180–300° and ‘continental’ air masses are defined as originating from a wind direction of 45–135°. Air masses without such filtering were classified as ‘undefined’ air masses. Air masses were found to be dominated by marine sector air, re-affirming Mace Head as a baseline atmospheric research station. CCN levels for specific air masses at Mace Head were found to be comparable with earlier studies both at Mace Head and elsewhere. Monthly averaged clean marine (wind direction of 180–300° and black carbon absorption coefficient < 1.425 Mm^− 1) CCN and marine CCN varied between 15–247 cm^− 3 and 54–670 cm^− 3, respectively. As expected, significant increases in number concentration were found in continentally sourced CCN over that of marine CCN and were found to follow a log-normal distribution significantly tighter than that of clean marine air masses. No significant trend was found for CCN over the 9-year period. While polluted continental air masses showed a slight increase in CCN concentrations over the winter months, most likely due to increased fuel usage and a lower mixed boundary layer, the dominance of marine sector air arriving at Mace Head, which generally consists of background CCN concentrations, reduced seasonal differences for polluted air. Marine air showed a distinct seasonal pattern, with elevated values occurring over the spring and summer seasons. This is thought to be due to enhanced biogenic aerosol production as a result of phytoplankton bloom activity in the North Atlantic.  相似文献   

桃仙机场雷雨转雨夹雪天气的分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

许彤  田丰 《广西气象》2006,27(4):34-36

通过对桃仙机场仅有的两次雷雨转雨夹雪天气过程的分析，总结出此类天气的形势特点，并初步得出此类天气预报的着眼点，为秋季飞行提供可靠的预报保障。  相似文献   

δ~(18)O record and temperature change over the past 100 years in ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Lonnie Thompson 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(1)

1 IntroductionMeteorological stations on the Tibetan Plateau are few in number and uneven in distribution, with a majority concentrated in the east and south. No stations exist so far within the large expanse in the middle or west of the Plateau. Moreover…  相似文献