我国各地膨润土的热性质   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯梅芳夏钟文  高原雪马北雁万洪富  马毅杰 《岩矿测试》2003,22(4):263-268

对各地膨润土的热性质进行了考察，讨论了膨润土差热曲线和热失重的形态特征，以及膨润土热性质与其他物理化学性质的关系。研究表明，供试膨润土均可观察到三组吸热效应，部分样品可观察到一组放热效应。其中第一组吸热谷因层间所含有阳离子的种类和数量不同而呈现单谷或复谷两种不同的形态；根据第三吸热谷与放热峰这两个效应的峰间隔差和形态变化对供试膨润土进行属型划分简单易行。  相似文献   

原始数据图数据自动标注方法     

赵荣军  鲁玉红  王永丽 《物探化探计算技术》2003,25(4):368-371

原始数据图是化探工作中重要的基础性图件，其数字化制图是一项费时费力的工作。利用Microsoft Visual Fox Pro、MAPGIS软件实现分析数据的自动标注，可大大地简化原始数据图制图，提高工作效率。  相似文献   

不同电阻率测深方法对旁侧不均匀体的反映   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

强建科  阮百尧 《物探与化探》2003,27(5):379-382

利用三维有限元数值模拟,重点研究了旁侧三维不均匀体所产生的视电阻率的影响问题,展示了4种常规电阻率测深法在旁侧不均匀体上的异常分布特点;探讨了测深点正下方目标体异常与旁侧不均匀体异常的区别问题,指出旁侧不均匀体的影响是产生电阻率法假异常的主要原因之一.  相似文献   

地球深部物质的某些物性测量方法研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

谢鸿森  周文戈  刘永刚  郭捷  侯渭 《地学前缘》2003,10(2):357-365

文中介绍了地球深部物质实验室近 2 0年来开展高温高压下地球深部物质物性实验研究过程中 ,在测量方法方面的进步和应用情况。这些测量方法包括了高温、高压下弹性的超声测量方法、高温高压下电性的测量方法、高压差热分析法和高压下热学Gr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ参数的测量方法诟呶赂哐瓜卵沂涂笪锏牡猿饬恐?,我们由超声脉冲透射方法改进为超声脉冲透射反射法 ,克服了样品室中压力和温度梯度对样品的影响。在高温高压下岩石和矿物的电学性质测量中 ,我们由直流法发展为阻抗谱法 ,不仅克服了样品极化对测量结果的影响 ,还可以获得离子在溶液中的多种物理化学参数 ,以及监测含水矿物在高温高压下的脱水动力学特征。在固体传压介质中建立的高压热学Gr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ参数的测量方法 ,由于升压速率比较小且叶蜡石在高压下的热导系数增大 ,其测量结果需要进行校正 ,其测量方法有待进一步改进。  相似文献   

Methodology for construction, calibration and validation of a national hydrological model for Denmark   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

Hans Jrgen Henriksen  Lars Troldborg  Per Nyegaard  Torben Obel Sonnenborg  Jens Christian Refsgaard  Bjarne Madsen 《Journal of Hydrology》2003,280(1-4):52-71

An integrated groundwater/surface water hydrological model with a 1 km² grid has been constructed for Denmark covering 43,000 km². The model is composed of a relatively simple root zone component for estimating the net precipitation, a comprehensive three-dimensional groundwater component for estimating recharge to and hydraulic heads in different geological layers, and a river component for streamflow routing and calculating stream–aquifer interaction. The model was constructed on the basis of the MIKE SHE code and by utilising comprehensive national databases on geology, soil, topography, river systems, climate and hydrology. The present paper describes the modelling process for the 7330 km² island of Sjælland with emphasis on the problems experienced in combining the classical paradigms of groundwater modelling, such as inverse modelling of steady-state conditions, and catchment modelling, focussing on dynamic conditions and discharge simulation. Three model versions with different assumptions on input data and parameter values were required until the performance of the final, according to pre-defined accuracy criteria, model was evaluated as being satisfactory. The paper highlights the methodological issues related to establishment of performance criteria, parameterisation and assessment of parameter values from field data, calibration and validation test schemes. Most of the parameter values were assessed directly from field data, while about 10 ‘free’ parameters were subject to calibration using a combination of inverse steady-state groundwater modelling and manual trial-and-error dynamic groundwater/surface water modelling. Emphasising the importance of tests against independent data, the validation schemes included combinations of split-sample tests (another period) and proxy-basin tests (another area).  相似文献   

Scaling effects on modeled surface energy-balance components using the NOAH-OSU land surface model   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

V. Sridhar  Ronald L. Elliott  Fei Chen 《Journal of Hydrology》2003,280(1-4):105-123

As surface exchange processes are highly non-linear and heterogeneous in space and time, it is important to know the appropriate scale for the reasonable prediction of these exchange processes. For example, the explicit representation of surface variability has been vital in predicting mesoscale weather events such as late-afternoon thunderstorms initiated by latent heat exchanges in mid-latitude regions of the continental United States. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of different spatial scales of input data on modeled fluxes, so as to better understand the resolution needed for accurate modeling. A statistical procedure was followed to select two cells from the Southern Great Plains 1997 hydrology experiment region, each 20 km×20 km, representing the most homogeneous and the most heterogeneous surface conditions (based on soil and vegetation) within the study region. The NOAH-OSU (Oregon State University) Land Surface Model (LSM) was employed to estimate surface energy fluxes. Three scales of study (200 m, 2 and 20 km) were considered in order to investigate the impacts of the aggregation of input data, especially soil and vegetation inputs, on the model output. Model results of net radiation and latent, sensible and ground heat fluxes were compared for the three scales. For the heterogeneous area, the model output at the 20-km resolution showed some differences when compared with the 200-m and 2-km resolutions. This was more pronounced in latent heat (12% decrease), sensible heat (22% increase), and ground heat flux (44% increase) estimation than in net radiation. The scaling effects were much less for the relatively homogeneous land area with 5% increase in sensible heat and 4% decrease in ground heat flux estimation. All of the model outputs for the 2- and 20-km resolutions were in close agreement. The results suggested that, for this study region, soils and vegetation input resolution of about 2 km should be chosen for realistic modeling of surface exchange processes. This resolution was sufficient to capture the effects of sub-grid scale heterogeneity, while avoiding the data and computational difficulties associated with higher spatial resolutions.  相似文献   

Flood Damage Reduction Program (FDRP) in Québec: Case Study of the Chaudiére River     

Esther Roy  Jean Rousselle  Jacinthe Lacroix 《Natural Hazards》2003,28(2-3):387-405

This study presents the evolution of agreements between the governments of Canadaand Québec on flood damage reduction. In Québec, the implementation of a regulation about building in floodplains came about in 1983–1984. Today, this regulation takes the form of a policy called ``Policy of shores, littoral and floodplain protection'. Municipalities must adopt rules that concur with the principles of this policy.The Chaudiére River basin was selected for analysis of urban developmentduring the period following the application of building rules in flood-risk areas.Despite the ban on building in the strong current zone (0–20 year return periodflood zone), many buildings, essentially residential, have been erected in thiszone. These new constructions generally account for a low percentage of thetotal property value in the 0–100 year flooding area, but are legal since theyare connected to a water and sewage network that existed prior to the officialfloodplain regulation.Flood damage along the Chaudiére River will tend to increase for two reasons.Firstly, while respecting the policy mentioned above, sites are still available infloodplains for future development. Secondly, no structural flood protection workshave been erected in view of the fact they are only marginally profitable from anbenefit-cost point of view.  相似文献   

粗粒料流变研究的现状与展望   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

汪明元  何晓民  程展林 《岩土力学》2003,(Z2)

粗粒料是土石坝的主要填料,高土石坝的流变已成为坝工专家和工程师广为关注的问题,其流变特性是研究的基础。分析了粗粒料流变研究的现状,介绍了长江科学院新取得的进展,并对粗粒料流变研究的前景提出了展望。  相似文献   

冬春季格陵兰海冰变化与初夏中国气温/降水关系的初步分析   总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3  

陈明轩  管兆勇  徐海明 《高原气象》2003,22(1):7-13

采用英国Hadley中心GISST海冰面积资料，NCEP／NCAR再分析资料以及中国地面降水和气温资料，运用EOF分解，小波分析和合成分析等方法，初步探讨了格陵兰岛两侧附近冬春季海冰面积变化特征及其与初夏6月中国气温和降水的关系，结果表明，格陵兰岛东西两侧海冰面积呈显著反相变化，并且具有明显的年际和年代际周期性振荡，冬春季格陵兰－寻威海海冰与初夏6月中国长江以北气温（降水）正相关（反相关），与长江以南气温（降水）反相关（正相关），而对于戴维斯海峡－拉布拉多海海冰则具有相反的相关型，大尺度500hPa环流合成分析初步表明，冬春季格陵兰附近海冰面积变化伴随着北极极涡环流和北半球阻塞高压的持续异常，海冰变化可能是影响初夏中国气温和降水的因子之一。  相似文献   

西北地区戈壁局地陆面物理参数的研究   总被引：30，自引：4，他引：30       下载免费PDF全文

张强  王胜  卫国安 《地球物理学报》2003,46(5):616-623

采用2000年8月～2001年9月在敦煌戈壁上观测的陆面过程资料，分析了敦煌地区荒漠戈壁地表反照率与太阳高度角和土壤湿度的关系以及土壤热传导率与土壤湿度的关系，初步给出了具有试验基础的戈壁局地反照率和土壤热传导率的多因子参数化公式. 并通过与观测值的比较发现试验资料拟合的参数化公式能够比较好地反映降水等气候因子引起的动态变化.  相似文献