京津冀地区线环构造遥感地质解译与控矿规律分析     

卢克轩  刘新星  张娟  成嘉伟  高椿 《地质与资源》2022,31(2):175-182

线性构造和环形构造与矿产的生成有着密切的内在联系. 在京津冀地区地质背景与矿产资料搜集的基础上,获取京津冀地区Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像,继而对遥感影像上的线性和环形构造进行遥感地质解译;并借助于ArcGIS平台对研究区内的线性构造和环形构造及其交汇部位进行缓冲区分析,根据线性、环形构造的影像特征及其与矿点的产出关系,总结出线-环形构造的控矿规律及控矿模式,为以后遥感找矿、圈定成矿远景区提供依据.  相似文献   

东北黑土区黑土层厚度的时空变化     

刘凯  魏明辉  戴慧敏  刘国栋  贾树海  宋运红  梁帅 《地质与资源》2022,31(3):434

黑土层厚度是评价东北黑土区土壤质量的重要参数,但其厚度的空间分布及多年变化情况仍然不够明确.针对东北黑土区第二次土壤普查的61处典型土壤剖面进行了现状实地调查,并对黑土层厚度变化进行了对比分析.结果表明:近40年来,东北黑土区黑土层厚度平均减少了12cm,平均减薄速度为0.32cm/a.四省(区)黑土层减薄厚度具有显著差异,表现为吉林(23.65cm)>辽宁(11.83cm)>内蒙古(10.33cm)>黑龙江(6.83cm).吉林省黑土层减薄厚度和比例最大,生态风险最为严峻.吉林省黑土层厚度变化值与气温升高值呈显著的负相关关系,表明随着气候变暖,土壤有机质下降明显,黑土层的厚度也呈减薄趋势.研究表明,水蚀作用也是黑土层厚度减薄的重要影响因素.未来应加强黑土层厚度判定和黑土层厚度空间制图等方面研究,对指导黑土地保护利用具有重要意义.  相似文献   

钻孔瞬变电磁方法探测越界开采采空区的应用     

范涛  李萍  赵兆  李巍  赵睿  张鹏  姚伟华  李宇腾  房哲 《煤田地质与勘探》2022,50(1):20-24

煤矿井下越界开采扰乱煤炭资源开发秩序,同时存在巨大的安全隐患,准确探测越界开采采空区及其边界对安全采掘极为重要。常规的矿井瞬变电磁探测方法容易受到巷道中的金属和电磁信号干扰,探测精度有限,难以满足采空区边界精准解释的需求。为了解决这一问题,提出一种钻孔中收发信号的钻孔瞬变电磁方法和施工工艺,利用其远离巷道和靠近异常体的特点,提高异常信号在实测数据中的占比;并研究可行域约束的OCCAM反演算法,进一步减小体积效应影响,实现了对越界开采采空区的电阻率精细成像。结合山西某煤矿的工程实践,对该方法精准探测邻矿越界开采采空区规模、性质的实用性和有效性进行了检验。结果表明,钻孔瞬变电磁方法是矿井地球物理技术与钻探工艺技术的高效结合和有益补充,基于可行域约束的OCCAM反演算法能够有效应用于越界开采采空区的边界精确成像解释。   相似文献   

亚太地区油气成藏条件及资源潜力     

李大伟  米石云  温志新  王兆明  刘祚冬  汪永华  吴珍珍  牛敏  张倩 《地学前缘》2022,29(6):136-145

亚太地区是全球重要的油气产区和最大的油气消费市场。亚太地区155个主要沉积盆地中,已有90多个盆地内发现了油气田或有油气发现,共发现油气田约6 900个。根据地理位置及构造特征等,亚太地区可进一步分为东亚分区、东南亚分区、澳新分区和南亚分区,约有131个主要的含油气系统。本文对亚太地区不同分区的油气成藏条件(包括烃源岩、储集层、盖层、含油气系统等)进行了总体分析与高度概括。在此基础上,以成藏组合为基本评价单元,不同勘探程度盆地采用与之相适应的评价方法,对本地区各盆地的油气资源潜力进行了评价。评价结果表明:亚太地区常规总油气可采资源量为673.7×10⁸ t油当量,占全球的6.1%,非常规油气资源类型以重油、页岩油、油页岩、页岩气、煤层气为主,非常规油气技术总可采资源量390.4×10⁸ t当量,占全球非常规油气技术总可采资源量的6.1%。根据待发现资源结果及盆地勘探程度,近海和深海勘探是将来的勘探热点:主要勘探领域为深海和成熟盆地新层系及岩性-地层圈闭等;海相三角洲体系是寻找天然气田的重要领域;东南亚弧后盆地群新生界湖相是页岩油的有利勘探领域;澳大利亚中部克拉通盆地群泥盆系-石炭系为页岩气的有利勘探领域。  相似文献   

Evolution of the freeze-thaw cycles in the source region of the Yellow River under the influence of climate change and its hydrological effects          下载免费PDF全文

Liang Zhu  Ming-nan Yang  Jing-tao Liu  Yu-xi Zhang  Xi Chen  Bing Zhou 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(4):322-334

As an important water source and ecological barrier in the Yellow River Basin, the source region of the Yellow River (above the Huangheyan Hydrologic Station) presents a remarkable permafrost degradation trend due to climate change. Therefore, scientific understanding the effects of permafrost degradation on runoff variations is of great significance for the water resource and ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin. In this paper, we studied the mechanism and extent of the effect of degrading permafrost on surface flow in the source region of the Yellow River based on the monitoring data of temperature and moisture content of permafrost in 2013–2019 and the runoff data in 1960–2019. The following results have been found. From 2013 to 2019, the geotemperature of the monitoring sections at depths of 0–2.4 m increased by 0.16°C/a on average. With an increase in the thawing depth of the permafrost, the underground water storage space also increased, and the depth of water level above the frozen layer at the monitoring points decreased from above 1.2 m to 1.2–2 m. 64.7% of the average multiyear groundwater was recharged by runoff, in which meltwater from the permafrost accounted for 10.3%. Compared to 1960-1965, the runoff depth in the surface thawing period (from May to October) and the freezing period (from November to April) decreased by 1.5 mm and 1.2 mm, respectively during 1992–1997, accounting for 4.2% and 3.4% of the average annual runoff depth, respectively. Most specifically, the decrease in the runoff depth was primarily reflected in the decreased runoff from August to December. The permafrost degradation affects the runoff within a year by changing the runoff generation, concentration characteristics and the melt water quantity from permafrost, decreasing the runoff at the later stage of the permafrost thawing. However, the permafrost degradation has limited impacts on annual runoff and does not dominate the runoff changes in the source region of the Yellow River in the longterm.  相似文献   

开封断裂第四纪活动特征     

孙杰  张予川  徐婉君  李涛  张扬 《震灾防御技术》2022,17(2):234-241

开封断裂是郑州-开封断裂带的重要组成部分,也是黄河中下游平原的一条重要控制性断裂。利用浅层地震勘探发现,开封断裂为总体走向EW,倾向N的正断层;断裂分为东、西2支,断裂活动性具有明显的分段特征,东支活动性较西支强。钻孔联合剖面揭示开封断裂东支断裂上断点埋深27～35 m,根据地层年代学结果,其最新活动时间为晚更新世。研究成果为开封市城乡规划、重大工程选址和地震区划工作提供了重要的基础数据。  相似文献   

黄河中下游活动断层分布及其对古河道变迁的影响     

李峰  张杰汉  卢巍  张攀  占伟伟  田勤俭 《震灾防御技术》2022,17(2):197-207

黄河流域是我国遭受地震灾害最为严重的流域,近年来探测工作对黄河中下游的活动断层有较多新认识,如构成北华北盆地与南华北盆地新构造分界的新乡-商丘断裂,新发现存在多个晚更新世活动段,具备发生中强级以上地震的可能,对识别沿黄河中下游的地震危险源、提高地震危险性认识有重要影响。本文通过总结近年来活动断层探测的最新进展,分析了沿黄河中下游地区的活动断层分布特征及其可能产生的灾害影响,并提出后续工作规划建议。  相似文献   

京津冀协同发展区地应力监测孔钻探施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

张建杰  李海明 《探矿工程》2022,49(6):48-53

地应力监测孔作为地应力测量与监测的基础场所,钻探施工的质量直接影响到地应力测量试验的效果,扩孔的质量更是决定地应力监测仪器能否顺利安装以及后期监测仪器能否正常工作的关键因素。本文以京津冀协同发展区地应力监测孔钻探施工为例,详细介绍了地应力监测孔的施工工艺,包括取心钻具组合、金刚石钻头选择、组装式扩孔钻头分级扩孔钻进等,对保证钻孔垂直度和同心度、降低钻孔孔径误差、保证岩心采取率,以及提高监测孔扩孔效率和质量等关键技术提出了一些具体措施,并取得了良好的钻探效果,对今后地应力监测孔的钻探施工具有重要的指导作用。  相似文献   

《北京西山地质志》中、英文本比较研究     

郑豪 《地质论评》2022,68(4):2022072013-2022072013

依据文本对勘的方法,从图片和文字两个方面对《北京西山地质志》中、英文本进行比较研究。图片方面,英文本作了大量的增补和解说,内容更为详实准确。文字方面,中、英文本目录存在明显差异。英文本序言和注释有其独到的价值和意义。中文本正文的细节增补,应是吸收了当时的最新研究成果。中、英文本比较研究为认识《北京西山地质志》的价值与地位提供了准确可靠的学术依据。  相似文献   

Tectonic evolution of the Late Paleozoic Early Mesozoic orogenic belt in the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Block: Evidence from meta volcanic rocks of Jianshanzi,northern Liaoning ProvinceSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

Zhang Nuo  Wang ChangBing  Liu ZhengHong  Xu ZhongYuan  Li Gang  Xuan YuFei  Gao Yu  Wang Chen 《岩石学报》2022,(8):2323-2344

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating, whole -rock geochemistry and Hf isotopic analyses for the Jianshanzi volcanic rocks in the Kaiyuan area are presented to explore the Late Paleozoic -Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution history of the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China block. The detailed research indicates that the protolith of Jianshanzi metamorphic volcanic rocks includes rhyolite, dacite and andesite, they are calc-alkaline series and metaluminous-weak peraluminous rocks. According to the zircon U-Pb dating, the metamorphic rhyolite and metamorphic andesite formed in the Late Permian (256. 1 +/- 1. 5Ma, 252.4 +/- 1. 7Ma) and the Late Triassic (222. 4 +/- 1. 8Ma, 227. 9 +/- 1. 2Ma), respectively. They are characteristized by enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, and depletion of heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements. Metamorphic rhyolite has an obvious negative Eu anomaly with epsilon(Hf) ( t) values of 10. 83 + 8. 10 and the second -stage model are 698 similar to 1967Ma. They are mainly due to the partial melting of the juvenile basaltic lower crust and the contamination of a small amount of ancient crustal materials. Metamorphic andesite has no obvious Eu anomaly, and the epsilon(Hf)( t) value and the second -stage model are +4.54 similar to + 6. 79 and 825 similar to 968 Ma, which may be the product of partial melting of basic lower crust. There are two periods of magmatism in Jianshanzi volcanic rocks: Late Permian -Early Triassic (247 similar to 256Ma) and Late Triassic (similar to 225Ma). The material composition of the Jianshanzi volcanic rocks is characterized by different times and different tectonic backgrounds. It is comprehensively believed that the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China block was in an active continental margin tectonic environment during the Permian, and the Palaeo-Asian Ocean subducted in both directions; Mantle -derived magma ascends and emplaces, forming a nascent crust and causing crustal thickening. The Paleo-Asian Ocean finally closed in the early Middle Triassic, and the impact of collisional orogeny may have continued until the early Late Triassic.  相似文献