黄土高原半干旱草地近地层湍流温湿特征及总体输送系数   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

岳平  张强  赵文  王胜  史晋森  王若安 《高原气象》2015,34(1):21-29

利用兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站(简称SACOL站)2008年夏季晴天近地层湍流观测资料,分析了SACOL站近地层湍流温、湿统计特征,确定了大气动力学和热力学粗糙度长度,讨论了总体输送系数随大气稳定度的变化规律。结果表明,大气层结不稳定条件下,无量纲温度和比湿脉动方差与稳定度Z/L之间均满足-1/3次规律;大气层结稳定条件下,温湿脉动方差总体趋势是随大气稳定度增加而减小。水汽通量全天大于零,最大值为0.063 g·m-2·s-1,地表日平均蒸发量为1.9 mm。中性条件下,黄土高原半干旱草地动力学粗糙度长度为6.6×10-3m,热力学粗糙度为1.85×10-5m。大气层结不稳定条件下,CD平均值为4.4×10-3,CH平均值为3.9×10-3;中性条件下,CD和CH平均值分别为4.2×10-3和2.8×10-3;层结稳定条件下,CD平均值为3.1×10-3,CH平均值为2.1×10-3,表明总体输送系数随稳定度的增大而减小。  相似文献   

On Probing the Inertial Subrange     

Katja Henjes 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1999,91(3):367-384

For an extensive turbulent wind speed data set collected on the open ocean, the optimum sampling time is determined to calculate inertial-range spectra. Such spectra are widely used to estimate surface fluxes. The optimum sampling time corresponds to the turbulent memory time, the minimum period after which a given time series can be interpreted as a new independent measurement. In our case, this interval is found to be only about six seconds.Separate spectral levels are calculated from the three measured vector components of the wind. Their ratios are compatible with the assumption of an isotropic inertial subrange, but scatter considerably. Alignment factors are developed based on Kolmogorov's theory, and the aligned spectral levels coincide within a few percent. It is proposed that alignment might be a more reliable test than the ratio of the spectral levels to determine whether observations have taken place in a universal inertial subrange. It is recommended that all three wind components are used to estimate the dissipation rate.  相似文献   

The Transport Time pdf for a Simple Turbulent Flow     

Andreas Wenzel  Ina Steinecke  Andreas Becker 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1999,93(1):117-132

In a turbulent fluid, the time a particle needs to travel from a point source to the observation point, can be considered as a random variable. It is shown that the probability density function (pdf) for this random variable is determined by the Lagrangian particle position pdf. The characteristics of the transport time pdf are discussed for the simple case of a turbulent fluid moving with a constant mean velocity.  相似文献   

宁南退耕还草区近地面的湍流通量特征研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张晓煜  王连喜  刘静  苏占胜  李凤霞  袁海燕 《高原气象》2005,24(6):988-993

根据Monin—Obukhov相似性理论，运用空气动力学方法和能量平衡法，结合2002—2003年小气候资料，分别分析了宁夏南部山区（下称宁南）退耕还草区湍流通量和地表通量（净辐射、感热、潜热和土壤热通量）的分布和季节变化特征，为宁南退耕还草区陆面过程的认识、数值模拟和气候分析提供理论参考依据。  相似文献   

Bed roughness and grain sorting-an experimental study over fine to medium sand beds     

Barendra Purkait  Dipanjan Das Majumdar  Rajat Mazumder 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(3)

The relation between grain-size distribution of the bed and in suspension was critically examined under a uniform flow velocity of 50 cm/s over two beds: one of mainly fine sands and the other of medium sands. Two sections – one 2.85 m downstream and the other 6.35 m downstream in the experimental channel-were selected for sampling to study the grain-sorting pattern in the vertical direction along the direction of transport. The shape and type of the grain-size distribution pattern were critically studied with height above the bed. The change in the distribution pattern has been attributed to the change of local bed roughness causing scouring against the protruded relatively coarse grains on the bed. Such trends are important to predict the nature of river bed topography. The sand of Bed-1 initially exhibits a log-skew-Laplace distribution at different heights of suspension. The distribution pattern, however, changes but this changing pattern is not consistent along the upstream side. For Bed-2, which initially exhibits a log-normal distribution, the same pattern persists from the height of suspension at 5 cm up to 20 cm. Such consistency in log-normality is also observed at the downstream points of measurement. It is generally expected that the mean grain-size would reduce with increases of suspension height but the results of the experiments, in some occasions, differ significantly from the gradual fining upward trend. This result has been attributed to local changes of bed roughness arising from the protruded relatively coarse grains causing eddies, scouring, and turbulent phenomena which moves coarse particles higher in suspension adding a coarse tail to the distribution increasing the mean grain-size.  相似文献   

盘锦芦苇湿地近地面层湍流通量参数化方案研究          下载免费PDF全文

甄晓杰  周广胜  贾庆宇  谢艳兵 《气象与环境学报》2009,25(5):7-12

基于2005年盘锦芦苇湿地近地面层湍流通量和微气象梯度的连续观测,研究了芦苇湿地近地面层湍流通量参数化方案。结果表明,盘锦芦苇湿地近地面层经常维持弱稳定和弱不稳定层结。在不稳定层结(-0.4  相似文献   

青藏高原及周边地区近地层小气候特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

李英  卢萍  赵兴炳 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(2):81-90

利用中国气象局成都高原气象研究所建立的5个边界层站（湄潭、巴中、什邡、曲麻莱、狮泉河）2019年的观测资料，对比分析青藏高原及周边地区近地层大气要素变化和陆—气能量交换特征及异同点，探讨其原因。结果表明：（1）青藏高原及周边地区近地层大气温度、相对湿度、风速、感热通量、潜热通量、动量通量均符合一峰一谷的常规日变化特征，气压具有双峰双谷的日变化特征。（2）高海拔台站近地层温度日变幅（12℃）高于周边低海拔地区（4～6℃），季变幅与海拔高度的关系不显著。（3）相对湿度与温度关系密切，相对湿度的垂直结构和日变化都具有明显的区域差异，其垂直梯度夜间显著高于白天，峰值出现时间随夏、秋、春、冬季呈现季节性滞后，而谷值超前。（4）风速春季较大，夏、秋季次之，冬季小，季变幅略小于日变幅；低海拔区域的风速及其日变幅均显著低于高海拔区域。（5）低海拔区域气压季变幅（>13 hPa）远高于日变幅（2.5 hPa左右），而高海拔区域气压季变幅（>3 hPa）略低于日变幅（2 hPa左右）。（6）感热通量春季大、冬季小；感热通量和动量通量在高海拔区域均较高，二者具有较一致的日、季变化特征，表明大气动...  相似文献