利用Argo剖面浮标分析上层海洋对台风“布拉万”的响应   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

刘增宏  许建平  孙朝辉  吴晓芬 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(11):90-101

In situ observations from Argo profiling floats combined with satellite retrieved SST and rain rate are used to investigate an upper ocean response to Typhoon Bolaven from 20 through 29 August 2012. After the passage of Typhoon Bolaven, the deepening of mixed layer depth(MLD), and the cooling of mixed layer temperature(MLT) were observed. The changes in mixed layer salinity(MLS) showed an equivalent number of increasing and decreasing because the typhoon-induced salinity changes in the mixed layer were influenced by precipitation, evaporation, turbulent mixing and upwelling of thermocline water. The deepening of the MLD and the cooling of the MLT indicated a significant rightward bias, whereas the MLS was freshened to the left side of the typhoon track and increased on the other side. Intensive temperature and salinity profiles observed by Iridium floats make it possible to view response processes in the upper ocean after the passage of a typhoon. The cooling in the near-surface and the warming in the subsurface were observed by two Iridium floats located to the left side of the cyclonic track during the development stage of the storm, beyond the radius of maximum winds relative to the typhoon center. Water salinity increases at the base of the mixed layer and the top of the thermocline were the most obvious change observed by those two floats. On the right side of the track and near the typhoon center when the typhoon was intensified, the significant cooling from sea surface to a depth of 200×104 Pa, with the exception of the water at the top of the thermocline, was observed by the other Iridium float. Owing to the enhanced upwelling near the typhoon center, the water salinity in the near-surface increased noticeably. The heat pumping from the mixed layer into the thermocline induced by downwelling and the upwelling induced by the positive wind stress curl are the main causes for the different temperature and salinity variations on the different sides of the track. It seems that more time is required for the anomalies in the subsurface to be restored to pretyphoon conditions than for the anomalies in the mixed layer.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation on a tremendous debris flow caused by Typhoon Morakot in the Jiaopu Stream,Taiwan     

HSU Yu-chao  YEN Haw  TSENG Wen-hsiao  JAN Chyan-deng 《山地科学学报》2014,11(1):1-18

In August 2009,Typhoon Morakot brought a large amount of rainfall with both high intensity and long duration to a vast area of Taiwan.Unfortunately,this resulted in a catastrophic landslide in Hsiaolin Village,Taiwan.Meanwhile,large amounts of landslides were formed in the Jiaopu Stream watershed near the southeast part of the Hsiaolin Village.The Hsiaolin Village access road（Provincial Highway No.21 and Bridge No.8） was completely destroyed by the landslide and consequent debris flow.The major scope of this study is to apply a debris flow model to simulate the disaster caused by the debris flow that occurred in the Jiaopu Stream during Typhoon Morakot.According to the interviews with local residents,this study applied the destruction time of Bridge No.8 and Chen＇s house to verify the numerical debris flow model.By the spatial rainfall distributions information,the numerical simulations of the debris flow are conducted in two stages.In the first stage（before the landslide-dam failure）,the elevation of the debris flow and the corresponding potential damages toward residential properties were investigated.In the second stage（after the landslidedam failure）,comparisons of simulation results between the longitudinal and cross profiles of the Jiaopu Stream were performed using topographic maps and satellite imagery.In summary,applications of the adopted numerical debris flow model have shown positive impact on supporting better understanding of the occurrence and movement of debris flow processes.  相似文献   

Regional soil erosion in response to land use and increased typhoon frequency and intensity,Taiwan     

David R. Montgomery  Michelle Y.-F. Huang  Alice Y.-L. Huang 《Quaternary Research》2014

Reservoir sedimentation data and sediment yields from Taiwanese rivers show increased soil erosion in response to both 20th century changes in land use and a more recent increase in typhoon frequency and intensity. Decadal variations of up to 5- to 20-fold in suspended-sediment rating curves demonstrate supply-limited transport and correspond to increased sediment delivery from hillslopes due to changes in land use, regional ground shaking during the Chi-Chi earthquake, and post-2000 changes in typhoon frequency and intensity. While accelerated erosion in central Taiwan after the Chi-Chi earthquake has been documented previously, our results show that periods of increased upland erosion also occurred earlier, in response to 20th century changes in land use. Analyses of rainfall records and typhoon frequency for the period 1900–2009 further point to an island-wide increase in erosion rates corresponding to increased typhoon frequency and intensity after 1990.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation index after typhoons in the mountainous watershed     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2014

An extensive land cover change was triggered by a series of typhoons, especially Typhoon Morakot in 2009 in Taiwan. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) series from multiple satellite images were applied to monitor the change processes of land cover. This study applied spatiotemporal analysis tools, including empirical orthogonal functions (EOF), and multiple variograms in analyzing space–time NDVI data, and detected the effects of large chronological disturbances in the characteristics of land cover changes. Spatiotemporal analysis delineated the temporal patterns and spatial variability of NDVI caused by these large typhoons. Results showed that mean of NDVI decreased but spatial variablity of NDVI increased after typhoons in the study area. The EOF can clarify the major component of NDVI variations and identify the core area of the NDVI changes. Various approaches showed consistent results that Typhoon Morakot significantly lowered the NDVI in land cover change process. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal analysis is an effective monitoring tool, which advocates the use of the index for the quantification of land cover change and resilience.  相似文献   

突发自然灾害事件网络舆情传播特征及影响因素研究     

赵飞  廖永丰 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(6):992-1001

随着网络技术的发展,网络舆情分析在应对突发事件中发挥的作用日益显著。自然灾害发生后,准确把握舆情信息传播特征并分析其影响因素有助于应急管理部门及时采取有效的应急救援措施。本文以台风“利奇马”为例,基于“新浪舆情通”系统搜集的相关微博、微信、论坛、网站等全网舆情数据,探究台风灾害全过程舆情信息的时空分布特征,开展灾害舆情信息影响因素相关性分析。研究表明：① 相比于灰色EGM(1, 1)模型,ARIMA模型对于舆情的短时预测具有较高的适用度,所预测的舆情信息的时序变化与利奇马台风的生命周期相符;② 舆情的空间分布具有聚集性,其分布与受灾程度呈正相关关系,但同时受灾区经济状况和网络普及率影响;③ 灾情严重程度与原创舆情信息的相关性高于转发舆情信息,原创舆情信息更能反映受灾地区的实际受灾情况。研究内容为应急管理部门及时掌握舆情走势并调整应急救助决策提供了指导价值。  相似文献   

台风利奇马(1909)与台风摩羯(1814)云特征对比          下载免费PDF全文

郑倩  毛程燕  丁丽华  廖君钰  潘欣  刘佩  雷奕文  黄亿 《应用气象学报》2022,33(1):43-55

利用FY-2H,Aqua,CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation)和GPM(Global Preciptation Measurement)卫星产品,对比同在浙江温岭沿海登陆且路径相似的台风利奇马(1909)和...  相似文献   

台风活动对青藏高原东北侧干旱的影响   总被引：24，自引：11，他引：13  

谢金南  卓嘎 《高原气象》2000,19(2):244-252

应用１９５９￣１９９６的青藏高原东北侧５８个站历年逐月降水量资料,历年（１９５０￣１９９６年）逐月西太平洋台风资料及５００ｈＰａ高度格点资料,分析了台风活动对高原东北侧干旱的影响。结果指出：少台风活动年与干旱环流流型及高原东北侧干旱之间,多台风活动年与多雨环流流型及高原东北侧多雨之间,均存在着对应关系。  相似文献   

夏季长江中下游冷热、旱涝和东部近海台风活动及其与ENSO关系的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

陈乾金  赵振国 《应用气象学报》2000,11(1):88-94

利用1951~1995年气温、降水和台风年鉴等资料, 在划分长江中下游冷、热夏年标准的基础上, 分别统计分析了我国近海台风活动异常和季风雨型特征及其与ENSO的关系.指出, 冷夏年和热夏年我国东部近海台风活动差异显著; 与之相对应的季风雨型同样十分悬殊; 同时赤道太平洋海温SSTA场的配置亦迥然不同.最后给出了遥响应过程图像的物理概念模型.  相似文献   

利用GPS与环境负荷形变数据研究台风引起的垂向地表位移          下载免费PDF全文

姚朝龙  刘立龙  林旭  王长委  张瑞  王建芳  陈镕琪 《地球物理学报》2020,63(8):2870-2881

台风造成的强降雨、低气压、海面高度变化均会引起地表的形变.本文利用中国大陆构造环境监测网(陆态网)7个GPS台站每日的垂向位移和环境负荷形变模型分析2018年9月10—26日台风"山竹"期间不同负荷引起的区域垂向地表形变.结果表明,台风期间大气负荷和非潮汐海洋负荷垂向形变最大分别达到5.1 mm和-9.2 mm.模型能较好地反映河流区域地表水文负荷变化造成的垂向形变,但不同模型之间存在系统偏差.由于缺少地下水等信息,模型反映负荷长期形变效应的效果不佳,且形变的量级明显小于GPS观测的结果.迅速增加的水文负荷使北海GPS站从开始下沉到最低点(-15.6 mm)5天的下沉量达到25.7 mm;珠海、广州GPS站均观测到河流汇水作用造成地表的二次下沉,且珠海站一周后才抬升到正常位置;湛江和北海GPS站能较好地反映河流水位变化,相关系数分别为-0.66和-0.50.研究结果表明,相比于形变模型,GPS能更有效地监测台风短期水文负荷形变,可为台风洪水等灾害监测与预报提供有用的信息.  相似文献   

9806号台风异常移动特征的初步分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

施春红 《海洋预报》2000,17(1):50-61

９８０６号台风在其生命史中,共发生了７次突然左折和１次突然加速,形成了典型的倒抛物线型路径。本文初步分析了其异常移动的特征和原因,并详细比较了目前主要的业务预报方法对该台风的预报性能。为进一步揭示该类台风移动的物理机制积累经验,也为正确把握和使用各主要业务预报方法对该类台风预报结果的参考价值提供科学依据。  相似文献