台风涡旋系统的波动性质及其数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

沈新勇  明杰  方珂 《气象科学》2007,27(2):176-187

本文使用柱坐标系下的正压浅水方程组以及斜压扰动方程组,分析得出台风涡旋系统中的涡旋Rossby波划分为两种类型。由于切向基本气流的二阶径向水平切变或者基本气流的垂直涡度在径向方向的变化(β*因子)所导致的涡旋Rossby波称之为第一类涡旋Rossby波(正压涡旋Rossby波),它产生的根本原因是β*因子的作用。这种第一类涡旋Rossby波相对于切向基本气流是单向传播的,其传播方向则与β*因子的正负符号有关。当基本流场垂直涡度-ζz沿着径向r方向增大时,第一类涡旋Rossby波是沿着切向圆周方向逆时针方向传播的;反之则是沿着切向圆周方向顺时针方向传播。如果考虑切向基流的二次垂直切变时,可以得到台风涡旋系统中第二类涡旋Rossby波(斜压涡旋Rossby波)的相速度表达式,第二类涡旋Rossby波产生的物理根源是切向基本流场风速的二次垂直切变或者基本流场径向r方向的平均涡度在空间z方向上的不均匀性(亦即β**因子)。第二类涡旋Rossby波相对于切向基本气流也是单向传播的,当-ζr沿着空间z方向上增大时,第二类涡旋Rossby波就是相对于基本气流-V0是顺时针方向传播的;反之则是相对于基本气流逆时针方向传播。在基本流场的风速-V存在二次径向水平切变或者垂直切变时,台风中的波动可能是混合的涡旋Rossby波——重力波;而当基本流场的风速-V仅仅存在线性切变,不存在二次切变时,此时根本不存在涡旋Rossby波,台风系统中的波动则仅仅是重力惯性波。最后,采用WRF模式对“云娜”台风进行了数值模拟,验证了上述结论。  相似文献   

2018年8月大气环流和天气分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王皘  张玲 《气象》2018,44(11):1501-1508

2018年8月大气环流的主要特征是极涡呈单极型分布且强度偏强,亚欧洲大陆中高纬为多波型,西北太平洋副热带高压西脊点偏西,强度接近常年略偏强。8月全国平均气温21.9℃,较常年同期偏高1.1℃,为1961年以来历史同期第四高;全国平均降水量127.7 mm,比常年同期（105.3 mm）偏多21.3%,与历史同期相比呈现中部偏少的分布特征。月内我国有11次区域性暴雨天气过程,多站出现极端日降水量。8月共有10个热带气旋在西北太平洋和南海活动,其中1812号台风云雀、1814号台风摩羯、1816号台风贝碧嘉、1818号台风温比亚登陆,生成和登陆个数较常年偏多。我国中东部出现持续性高温天气,同时强对流天气频发,影响范围较广。  相似文献   

“莫拉克”台风螺旋雨带与水平涡度的关系          下载免费PDF全文

丁治英  黄海波  赵向军  刘瑞翔 《大气科学学报》2018,41(4):454-462

利用实况资料和WRF模拟资料,分析2009年8月6—10日"莫拉克"台风在台湾地区造成强降水过程中台风螺旋雨带与水平涡度的关系。结果表明:模式较好地模拟出了本次台风暴雨的发生发展过程。在7日00时—9日00时,台风外围有两条螺旋雨带,一支位于台湾的中部偏南,一支位于台湾的南部,暴雨主要位于这两支螺旋雨带上;暴雨出现在环流上升支附近,在中低层,雨带对应着较大的指向东的水平涡度,且随着水平涡度大值区移动而移动,显示出两者较密切的联系;水平涡度的大值区与垂直涡度的大值区也有较好的对应关系,存在水平涡度向垂直涡度的转化;水平涡度的旋度正值区对应上升运动区,其旋度的大值区对应强的螺旋雨带与降水。当水平涡度减小时,若水平涡度的旋度正值区存在,雨带仍然可以维持。  相似文献   

2016年01号台风“尼伯特”对一次梅雨期降雨影响的数值试验     

田亚杰  黄泓  王春明 《大气科学》2018,42(2):383-397

本文应用分段位涡反演方法和中尺度WRF模式研究了2016年01号台风“尼伯特”对一次梅雨锋降水的影响,研究结果表明:减弱（增强）台风之后,降雨区的水汽通量增加7.34%（减少6.67%）,动能增加7.78%（减少5.36%）,对流有效位能增加6.66%（减少5.71%）。江淮地区降雨量出现累积降雨量增加10.21%（减少8.13%）。台风“尼伯特”在其加强、靠近中国大陆的过程中,迫使西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）北抬东撤,阻碍了沿副高边缘输送至江淮地区的水汽和热量,间接导致该地区降水显著减少至消失;此外台风增强过程中,本体环流对于水汽和能量的消耗增大,导致孟加拉湾输送至江淮降雨区的水汽和能量的减少,直接导致梅雨锋降水过程中止。  相似文献   

单多普勒天气雷达反演降水粒子垂直速度Ⅱ：实例分析     

周生辉  魏鸣  张培昌  徐洪雄  张明旭 《气象学报》2014,72(4):772-781

垂直速度的反演一直是多普勒雷达风场反演的关键问题和难点,在对单多普勒雷达体积速度处理(VVP)法反演垂直速度进行敏感性分析和改进求解方程的基础上,对其反演三维风场和适用的风速条件做了模拟检验,并在强对流天气和台风实例中反演与验证。分析结果表明,改进的反演算法对径向风速的误差并不敏感,在高低仰角上的精度相同,观测误差越小或风速越大时,反演精度越高。对广州一次强对流过程的反演结果表明,改进的反演算法可以反演出对流单体中降水粒子垂直运动的变化。在中尺度气旋中,粒子垂直速度大值区的分布与气旋外围风切变的位置相符;在气旋的消散阶段下落速度增大,因而可通过粒子的垂直速度变化判断雨强的变化。对2006年超强台风"桑美"的反演结果显示,能够反演出台风中心的下沉气流以及外围交替出现的上升与下沉气流,在台风中心处下沉速度的大值区位于7-8 km高度,低层与高层的值相对较小。反演效果表明,改进后的反演方法较准确地反映了降水粒子的垂直运动,使多普勒雷达资料可揭示更多的三维风场细节,有助于改进强对流天气过程的风场结构分析和降雨落区的预测。  相似文献   

Marine-Atmospheric Boundary Layer Characteristics over the South China Sea During the Passage of Strong Typhoon Hagupit          下载免费PDF全文

CHENG Xueling  WU Lin  SONG Lili  WANG Binglan  ZENG Qingcun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(3):420-429

The structures and characteristics of the marine-atmospheric boundary layer over the South China Sea during the passage of strong Typhoon Hagupit are analyzed in detail in this paper. The typhoon was generated in the western Pacific Ocean, and it passed across the South China Sea, finally landfalling in the west of Guangdong Province. The shortest distance between the typhoon center and the observation station on Zhizi Island(10 m in height) is 8.5 km. The observation data capture the whole of processes that occurred in the regions of the typhoon eye, two squall regions of the eye wall, and weak wind regions,before and after the typhoon's passage. The results show that:(a) during the strong wind(average velocityˉu 10 m s-1) period, in the atmospheric boundary layer below 110 m, ˉu is almost independent of height,and vertical velocity ˉw is greater than 0, increasing with ˉu and reaching 2–4 m s-1in the squall regions;(b) the turbulent fluctuations(frequency 1/60 Hz) and gusty disturbances(frequency between 1/600 and1/60 Hz) are both strong and anisotropic, but the anisotropy of the turbulent fluctuations is less strong;(c) ˉu can be used as the basic parameter to parameterize all the characteristics of fluctuations; and(d) the vertical flux of horizontal momentum contributed by the average flow(ˉu ·ˉw) is one order of magnitude larger than those contributed by fluctuation fluxes(u w and v w), implying that strong wind may have seriously disturbed the sea surface through drag force and downward transport of eddy momentum and generated large breaking waves, leading to formation of a strongly coupled marine-atmospheric boundary layer. This results in ˉw 0 in the atmosphere, and some portion of the momentum in the sea may be fed back again to the atmosphere due to ˉu ·ˉw 0.  相似文献   

利用Argo剖面浮标分析上层海洋对台风“布拉万”的响应   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

刘增宏  许建平  孙朝辉  吴晓芬 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(11):90-101

In situ observations from Argo profiling floats combined with satellite retrieved SST and rain rate are used to investigate an upper ocean response to Typhoon Bolaven from 20 through 29 August 2012. After the passage of Typhoon Bolaven, the deepening of mixed layer depth(MLD), and the cooling of mixed layer temperature(MLT) were observed. The changes in mixed layer salinity(MLS) showed an equivalent number of increasing and decreasing because the typhoon-induced salinity changes in the mixed layer were influenced by precipitation, evaporation, turbulent mixing and upwelling of thermocline water. The deepening of the MLD and the cooling of the MLT indicated a significant rightward bias, whereas the MLS was freshened to the left side of the typhoon track and increased on the other side. Intensive temperature and salinity profiles observed by Iridium floats make it possible to view response processes in the upper ocean after the passage of a typhoon. The cooling in the near-surface and the warming in the subsurface were observed by two Iridium floats located to the left side of the cyclonic track during the development stage of the storm, beyond the radius of maximum winds relative to the typhoon center. Water salinity increases at the base of the mixed layer and the top of the thermocline were the most obvious change observed by those two floats. On the right side of the track and near the typhoon center when the typhoon was intensified, the significant cooling from sea surface to a depth of 200×104 Pa, with the exception of the water at the top of the thermocline, was observed by the other Iridium float. Owing to the enhanced upwelling near the typhoon center, the water salinity in the near-surface increased noticeably. The heat pumping from the mixed layer into the thermocline induced by downwelling and the upwelling induced by the positive wind stress curl are the main causes for the different temperature and salinity variations on the different sides of the track. It seems that more time is required for the anomalies in the subsurface to be restored to pretyphoon conditions than for the anomalies in the mixed layer.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation on a tremendous debris flow caused by Typhoon Morakot in the Jiaopu Stream,Taiwan     

HSU Yu-chao  YEN Haw  TSENG Wen-hsiao  JAN Chyan-deng 《山地科学学报》2014,11(1):1-18

In August 2009,Typhoon Morakot brought a large amount of rainfall with both high intensity and long duration to a vast area of Taiwan.Unfortunately,this resulted in a catastrophic landslide in Hsiaolin Village,Taiwan.Meanwhile,large amounts of landslides were formed in the Jiaopu Stream watershed near the southeast part of the Hsiaolin Village.The Hsiaolin Village access road（Provincial Highway No.21 and Bridge No.8） was completely destroyed by the landslide and consequent debris flow.The major scope of this study is to apply a debris flow model to simulate the disaster caused by the debris flow that occurred in the Jiaopu Stream during Typhoon Morakot.According to the interviews with local residents,this study applied the destruction time of Bridge No.8 and Chen＇s house to verify the numerical debris flow model.By the spatial rainfall distributions information,the numerical simulations of the debris flow are conducted in two stages.In the first stage（before the landslide-dam failure）,the elevation of the debris flow and the corresponding potential damages toward residential properties were investigated.In the second stage（after the landslidedam failure）,comparisons of simulation results between the longitudinal and cross profiles of the Jiaopu Stream were performed using topographic maps and satellite imagery.In summary,applications of the adopted numerical debris flow model have shown positive impact on supporting better understanding of the occurrence and movement of debris flow processes.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation index after typhoons in the mountainous watershed     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2014

An extensive land cover change was triggered by a series of typhoons, especially Typhoon Morakot in 2009 in Taiwan. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) series from multiple satellite images were applied to monitor the change processes of land cover. This study applied spatiotemporal analysis tools, including empirical orthogonal functions (EOF), and multiple variograms in analyzing space–time NDVI data, and detected the effects of large chronological disturbances in the characteristics of land cover changes. Spatiotemporal analysis delineated the temporal patterns and spatial variability of NDVI caused by these large typhoons. Results showed that mean of NDVI decreased but spatial variablity of NDVI increased after typhoons in the study area. The EOF can clarify the major component of NDVI variations and identify the core area of the NDVI changes. Various approaches showed consistent results that Typhoon Morakot significantly lowered the NDVI in land cover change process. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal analysis is an effective monitoring tool, which advocates the use of the index for the quantification of land cover change and resilience.  相似文献   

超强台风“威马逊”近海急剧加强特征及诊断分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘蕾  陈茂钦  李煜  邢蕊 《气象科技》2015,43(6):1149-1156

利用NCEP/NCAR提供的全球客观分析资料对1409号超强台风“威马逊”近海急剧加强的特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明：南海较高的海表温度、中低层丰富的水汽净流入为“威马逊”增强提供了有利的能量条件;维持近22 h对流层深层、高层及低层介于0~4 m/s弱环境风垂直切变是“威马逊”两次以超强台风登陆的必要条件;台风中心附近对流层高层强烈辐散、中低层正涡度值的增大和正涡度柱向对流层上层的伸展导致“威马逊”急剧增强;“威马逊”台风急剧增强具有一定前兆性,急剧增强与环境风垂直切变及对流层中低层涡度值的响应时间分别为12 h和9 h。  相似文献